2 Samuel 16:21

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĂḥîṯōpel* to *ʾAbšālôm*, \"*Bôʾ* to *pilagšê* your *ʾābîkā* whom he *hinnîaḥ* to *lišmôr* the *habbāyiṯ*, and *wəšāmaʿ* all *Yiśrāʾēl* that you *nibʾaštā* *ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā*, and *wəḥāzəqû* *yədê* all who are with you.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾĂḥîṯōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*Bôʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*pilagšê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - concubines of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hinnîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - left behind", "*lišmôr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard", "*habbāyiṯ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the house", "*wəšāmaʿ*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will hear", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nibʾaštā*": "niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have made yourself odious", "*ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*wəḥāzəqû*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will be strengthened", "*yədê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - hands of" }, "variants": { "*pilagšê*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*hinnîaḥ*": "left behind/left/set", "*lišmôr*": "to keep/to guard/to watch over", "*wəšāmaʿ*": "will hear/will know/will understand", "*nibʾaštā*": "made yourself odious/made yourself detestable/utterly rejected", "*wəḥāzəqû*": "will be strengthened/will become strong/will be encouraged" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ אֶל־אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם בּ֚וֹא אֶל־פִּלַגְשֵׁ֣י אָבִ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִנִּ֖יחַ לִשְׁמ֣וֹר הַבָּ֑יִת וְשָׁמַ֤ע כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־נִבְאַ֣שְׁתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֔יךָ וְחָ֣זְק֔וּ יְדֵ֖י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתָּֽךְ׃

Transliteration

And wayyōʾmer ʾĂḥîṯōpel to ʾAbšālôm, "Bôʾ to pilagšê your ʾābîkā whom he hinnîaḥ to lišmôr the habbāyiṯ, and wəšāmaʿ all Yiśrāʾēl that you nibʾaštā ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā, and wəḥāzəqû yədê all who are with you."

Grammar Details

• *wayyōʾmer*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said
• *ʾĂḥîṯōpel*: proper noun - Ahithophel
• *ʾAbšālôm*: proper noun - Absalom
• *Bôʾ*: qal imperative, masculine singular - go
• *pilagšê*: noun, feminine plural construct - concubines of
• *ʾābîkā*: noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father
• *hinnîaḥ*: hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - left behind
• *lišmôr*: preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard
• *habbāyiṯ*: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the house
• *wəšāmaʿ*: waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will hear
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *nibʾaštā*: niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have made yourself odious
• *ʾeṯ-ʾābîkā*: direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father
• *wəḥāzəqû*: waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will be strengthened
• *yədê*: noun, feminine dual construct - hands of

Word Meanings

• *pilagšê*: concubines/secondary wives
• *hinnîaḥ*: left behind/left/set
• *lišmôr*: to keep/to guard/to watch over
• *wəšāmaʿ*: will hear/will know/will understand
• *nibʾaštā*: made yourself odious/made yourself detestable/utterly rejected
• *wəḥāzəqû*: will be strengthened/will become strong/will be encouraged

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Ahithophel answered, "Sleep with your father’s concubines, whom he left to care for the palace. Then all Israel will hear that you have made yourself obnoxious to your father, and the hands of everyone with you will be strengthened."

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Ahithophel said to Absalom, Go in to your father's concubines, whom he has left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that you are abhorred by your father: then shall the hands of all who are with you be strong.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Achitophel sayde vnto Absalom: Go lye with thy fathers concubynes, whom he hath lefte to kepe the house, so shall all Israel heare that thou hast made thy father to stynke, and the hande of all them that are with ye, shal be the bolder.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And Ahithophel said vnto Absalom, Goe in to thy fathers concubines, which he hath left to keepe the house: and when all Israel shall heare, that thou art abhorred of thy father, the hands of all that are with thee, shall be strong.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Ahithophel said vnto Absalom: Get thee in vnto thy fathers cocubines whiche he hath left to kepe the house, and all Israel shal heare, that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hades of al that are with thee, be strong.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, which he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel shall hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then shall the hands of all that [are] with thee be strong.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Ahithophel said to Absalom, Go in to your father's concubines, that he has left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that you are abhorred of your father: then will the hands of all who are with you be strong.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Ahithophel saith unto Absalom, `Go in unto the concubines of thy father, whom he left to keep the house, and all Israel hath heard that thou hast been abhorred by thy father, and the hands of all who `are' with thee have been strong.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Ahithophel said unto Absalom, Go in unto thy father's concubines, that he hath left to keep the house; and all Israel will hear that thou art abhorred of thy father: then will the hands of all that are with thee be strong.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Ahithophel said to Absalom, Go in to your father's women who are here looking after his house; then all Israel will have the news that you are hated by your father, and the hands of your supporters will be strong.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Go in to your father's concubines, that he has left to keep the house. Then all Israel will hear that you are abhorred by your father. Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Ahithophel replied to Absalom,“Sleep with your father’s concubines whom he left to care for the palace. All Israel will hear that you have made yourself repulsive to your father. Then your followers will be motivated to support you.”

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 15:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.16", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶ֧שֶׂר נָשִׁ֛ים פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים לִשְׁמֹ֥ר הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *ha-meleḵ* *wə-ḵol*-*bêṯô* *bə-raḡlāyw* *wa-yaʿăzōḇ* *ha-meleḵ* *ʾēṯ* *ʿeśer* *nāšîm* *pîlaḡšîm* *li-šmōr* *ha-bāyiṯ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*bêṯô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house/household", "*bə-raḡlāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet/by foot", "*wa-yaʿăzōḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he left", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿeśer*": "cardinal number - ten", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*pîlaḡšîm*": "feminine plural noun - concubines", "*li-šmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard", "*ha-bāyiṯ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the house" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "go out/depart/exit", "*bêṯô*": "his house/household/family", "*raḡlāyw*": "feet/on foot (idiomatically: traveled by foot)", "*yaʿăzōḇ*": "leave/forsake/abandon", "*pîlaḡšîm*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*šmōr*": "keep/guard/watch over" } }
• 2 Sam 20:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.20.3", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א דָוִ֣ד אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֮ יְרֽוּשָׁלִַם֒ וַיִּקַּ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶֽשֶׂר־נָשִׁ֣ים ׀ פִּלַגְשִׁ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּיחַ֩ לִשְׁמֹ֨ר הַבַּ֜יִת וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֤ם בֵּית־מִשְׁמֶ֙רֶת֙ וַֽיְכַלְכְּלֵ֔ם וַאֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֹא־בָ֑א וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה צְרֻר֛וֹת עַד־י֥וֹם מֻתָ֖ן אַלְמְנ֥וּת חַיּֽוּת׃", "text": "And *bôʾ* *dāwid* to-*bayit*-his *yᵉrûšālayim*, and *lāqaḥ* the-*meleḵ* *ʾēt* ten-*nāšîm* *pîlagšîm* which *hinnîaḥ* to *šāmar* the-*bayit* and *nātan*-them *bêt*-*mišmeret* and *kilkēl*-them, and to-them not-*bôʾ*; and *hāyâ*-they *ṣᵉrûrôt* until-*yôm* *mûtān* *ʾalmᵉnût* *ḥayyût*.", "grammar": { "*bôʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*yᵉrûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lāqaḥ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women", "*pîlagšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - concubines", "*hinnîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had left", "*šāmar*": "qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house", "*nātan*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he put them", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*mišmeret*": "noun, feminine singular - ward/custody/guard", "*kilkēl*": "pilpel imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he provided for them", "*bôʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came/went in", "*hāyâ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine plural - and they were", "*ṣᵉrûrôt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - confined/bound", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*mûtān*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their death", "*ʾalmᵉnût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - widowhood of", "*ḥayyût*": "noun, feminine plural - living" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "came/entered/arrived", "*lāqaḥ*": "took/received/fetched", "*pîlagšîm*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*hinnîaḥ*": "left/placed/set", "*šāmar*": "keep/guard/watch", "*mišmeret*": "ward/custody/guard/watch", "*kilkēl*": "provided for/sustained/maintained", "*ṣᵉrûrôt*": "confined/bound/shut up", "*ʾalmᵉnût*": "widowhood/state of being widowed", "*ḥayyût*": "living/alive/in life" } }
• 2 Sam 2:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יְדֵיכֶ֗ם וִֽהְיוּ֙ לִבְנֵי־חַ֔יִל כִּי־מֵ֖ת אֲדֹנֵיכֶ֣ם שָׁא֑וּל וְגַם־אֹתִ֗י מָשְׁח֧וּ בֵית־יְהוּדָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And now *teḥĕzaqnâ* *yədêḵem* and *wî-hyû* as *lî-ḇnê-ḥayil* because *mēt* *ʾădōnêḵem* *Šāʾûl* and also *ʾōtî* *māšḥû* *bêt-Yəhûdâ* for *meleḵ* over them.", "grammar": { "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "qal imperfect 3fp with paragogic nun - let be strengthened", "*yədêḵem*": "plural construct noun + 2mp suffix - your hands", "*wî-hyû*": "conjunction + qal imperative mp - and be", "*lî-ḇnê-ḥayil*": "preposition + construct state plural noun + noun - as sons of valor", "*mēt*": "qal perfect 3ms - he died/is dead", "*ʾădōnêḵem*": "noun + 2mp suffix - your lord", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1cs suffix - me", "*māšḥû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they anointed", "*bêt-Yəhûdâ*": "construct state noun + proper noun - house of Judah", "*meleḵ*": "noun ms - king" }, "variants": { "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "let be strengthened/be strong", "*wî-hyû*": "and be/and become", "*lî-ḇnê-ḥayil*": "as sons of valor/as valiant men/as men of courage", "*mēt*": "died/is dead", "*ʾădōnêḵem*": "your lord/your master", "*māšḥû*": "they anointed/they consecrated", "*bêt-Yəhûdâ*": "house of Judah/people of Judah", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler" } }
• Zech 8:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Zechariah.8.13", "source": "וְהָיָ֡ה כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ הֱיִיתֶ֨ם קְלָלָ֜ה בַּגּוֹיִ֗ם בֵּ֤ית יְהוּדָה֙ וּבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֵּ֚ן אוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וִהְיִיתֶ֖ם בְּרָכָ֑ה אַל־תִּירָ֖אוּ תֶּחֱזַ֥קְנָה יְדֵיכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-*hāyâ* as *hĕyîtem* *qəlālâ* among-*haggôyim* *bêt* *Yəhûḏâ* and-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl*, thus *ʾôšîaʿ* you and-*hĕyîtem* *bərāḵâ* not-*tîrāʾû* *teḥĕzaqnâ* *yəḏêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with waw conjunction - and it will be", "*hĕyîtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd plural masculine - you were", "*qəlālâ*": "feminine singular noun - curse", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun with preposition bet - among the nations", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper name - Judah", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct with waw conjunction - and house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ʾôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will save", "*hĕyîtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd plural masculine with waw conjunction - and you will be", "*bərāḵâ*": "feminine singular noun - blessing", "*tîrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd plural masculine with negative particle - do not fear", "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural jussive - let them be strong", "*yəḏêḵem*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd plural masculine suffix - your hands" }, "variants": { "*qəlālâ*": "curse/cursing/execration", "*ʾôšîaʿ*": "I will save/deliver/rescue", "*bərāḵâ*": "blessing/benediction/prosperity", "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "let be strong/strengthened/courageous" } }
• 1 Cor 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.5.1", "source": "¶Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν ὀνομάζεται, ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν.", "text": "*Holōs akouetai* in you *porneia*, and such *porneia* which not even in the *Ethnesin onomazetai*, so as *gynaika tina* of the father to have.", "grammar": { "*Holōs*": "adverb - completely/entirely/actually", "*akouetai*": "present passive, 3rd singular - is heard/reported", "*porneia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality", "*Ethnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - nations/Gentiles", "*onomazetai*": "present passive, 3rd singular - is named/mentioned", "*gynaika*": "accusative, feminine, singular - woman/wife", "*tina*": "accusative, feminine, singular - a certain/some", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/possess" }, "variants": { "*Holōs*": "actually/generally/commonly", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/fornication/prostitution", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/pagans", "*gynaika tina tou patros*": "father's wife/stepmother" } }
• 2 Sam 12:11 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.12.11", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עָלֶ֤יךָ רָעָה֙ מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־נָשֶׁ֙יךָ֙ לְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֖י לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁכַב֙ עִם־נָשֶׁ֔יךָ לְעֵינֵ֖י הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ הַזֹּֽאת", "text": "*kōh ʾāmar YHWH hinənî mēqîm ʿāleykā rāʿāh mi-bêtekā wə-lāqaḥtî ʾet-nāšeykā lə-ʿêneykā wə-nātattî lə-rēʿeykā wə-šākab ʿim-nāšeykā lə-ʿênê ha-šemeš ha-zōʾt*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/the LORD", "*hinənî*": "interjection + suffix 1st common singular - behold me/here I am", "*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - raising up", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition + suffix 2nd masculine singular - against you", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*mi-bêtekā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - from your house", "*wə-lāqaḥtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st common singular - and I will take", "*ʾet-nāšeykā*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - your wives", "*lə-ʿêneykā*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - before your eyes", "*wə-nātattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st common singular - and I will give", "*lə-rēʿeykā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - to your neighbor", "*wə-šākab*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he will lie", "*ʿim-nāšeykā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + suffix 2nd masculine singular - with your wives", "*lə-ʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - before the eyes of", "*ha-šemeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold I am/here I am (immediacy formula)", "*mēqîm*": "raising up/bringing/causing to arise", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/trouble", "*rēʿeykā*": "your neighbor/your friend/your companion (euphemism for rival)", "*lə-ʿênê ha-šemeš ha-zōʾt*": "in the sight of this sun/in broad daylight/publicly" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:17 : 17 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אִמְרִי־נָא֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֥י לֹֽא־יָשִׁ֖יב אֶת־פָּנָ֑יִךְ וְיִתֶּן־לִ֛י אֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֥ג הַשּׁוּנַמִּ֖ית לְאִשָּֽׁה", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *ʾimrî-nāʾ* to-*šəlōmōh* the-*melek* that not-*yāšîb* *ʾet*-*pānāyik*; *wə-yitten-lî* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîšag* the-*šûnammît* for-*ʾiššâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - 'and he said'", "*ʾimrî-nāʾ*": "2nd person feminine singular Qal imperative with particle of entreaty - 'please say'", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - 'Solomon'", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the king'", "*yāšîb*": "3rd person masculine singular Hiphil imperfect with negative particle - 'he will not turn away'", "*pānāyik*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - 'your face'", "*wə-yitten-lî*": "waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - 'and may he give to me'", "*ʾăbîšag*": "proper noun - 'Abishag'", "*šûnammît*": "feminine singular gentilic adjective with definite article - 'the Shunammite'", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - 'wife/woman'" }, "variants": { "*nāʾ*": "please/now (particle of entreaty)", "*yāšîb*": "turn away/refuse/reject", "*pānāyik*": "your face/your presence/your request", "*ʾiššâ*": "wife/woman" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:22 : 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.22", "source": "וַיַּעַן֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאִמּ֗וֹ וְלָמָה֩ אַ֨תְּ שֹׁאֶ֜לֶת אֶת־אֲבִישַׁ֤ג הַשֻׁנַּמִּית֙ לַאֲדֹ֣נִיָּ֔הוּ וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־לוֹ֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה כִּ֛י ה֥וּא אָחִ֖י הַגָּד֣וֹל מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְלוֹ֙ וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וּלְיוֹאָ֖ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָֽה", "text": "*wə-yaʿan* the-*melek* *šəlōmōh* *wə-yōʾmer* to-*ʾimmô* and-why you *šōʾelet* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîšag* the-*šunammît* for-*ʾădōnîyāhû*? *wə-šaʾălî*-for-him *ʾet*-the-*məlûkâ* because he *ʾāḥî* the-*gādôl* from-me; and-for-him and-for-*ʾebyātār* the-*kōhēn* and-for-*yôʾāb* *ben*-*ṣərûyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿan*": "waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - 'and he answered'", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the king'", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun - 'Solomon'", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - 'and he said'", "*ʾimmô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his mother'", "*šōʾelet*": "feminine singular Qal active participle - 'asking/requesting'", "*ʾăbîšag*": "proper noun - 'Abishag'", "*šunammît*": "feminine singular gentilic adjective with definite article - 'the Shunammite'", "*ʾădōnîyāhû*": "proper noun - 'Adonijah'", "*wə-šaʾălî*": "waw conjunctive with 2nd person feminine singular Qal imperative - 'and ask'", "*məlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the kingdom'", "*ʾāḥî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my brother'", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - 'the elder/greater'", "*ʾebyātār*": "proper noun - 'Abiathar'", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the priest'", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - 'Joab'", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct noun - 'son of'", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun - 'Zeruiah'" }, "variants": { "*yaʿan*": "answer/respond/reply", "*šōʾelet*": "asking/requesting/demanding", "*məlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royal power", "*gādôl*": "greater/older/elder" } }
• Gen 6:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.6.4", "source": "הַנְּפִלִ֞ים הָי֣וּ בָאָרֶץ֮ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֒ וְגַ֣ם אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבֹ֜אוּ בְּנֵ֤י הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־בְּנ֣וֹת הֽ͏ָאָדָ֔ם וְיָלְד֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם הֵ֧מָּה הַגִּבֹּרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעוֹלָ֖ם אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַשֵּֽׁם׃", "text": "The *nĕp̄ilîm* *hāyû* in *ʾāreṣ* in *yāmîm* those and also *ʾaḥărê*-*kēn* which *yābōʾû* *bĕnê* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* unto *bĕnôt* *hā-ʾādām* and *yālĕdû* to them *hēmmâ* the *gibbōrîm* which from *ʿôlām* *ʾanšê* the *šēm*", "grammar": { "*nĕp̄ilîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - giants/fallen ones", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3cp - were", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the earth/land", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article and prefix preposition - in the days", "*ʾaḥărê-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - after that", "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect 3mp - they came/went", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - God/gods/divine beings", "*bĕnôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*hā-ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - man/mankind/humanity", "*yālĕdû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they bore", "*hēmmâ*": "3mp personal pronoun - they", "*gibbōrîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - mighty men/heroes/warriors", "*ʿôlām*": "noun masculine singular with prefix preposition - from ancient time/old", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - name/renown/fame" }, "variants": { "*nĕp̄ilîm*": "giants/fallen ones/mighty ones", "*gibbōrîm*": "mighty men/heroes/warriors", "*ʾanšê* *ha-šēm*": "men of renown/men of name/famous men" } }
• Gen 34:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.30", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶל־שִׁמְע֣וֹן וְאֶל־לֵוִי֮ עֲכַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתִי֒ לְהַבְאִישֵׁ֙נִי֙ בְּיֹשֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֔רֶץ בַּֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י וּבַפְּרִזִּ֑י וַאֲנִי֙ מְתֵ֣י מִסְפָּ֔ר וְנֶאֶסְפ֤וּ עָלַי֙ וְהִכּ֔וּנִי וְנִשְׁמַדְתִּ֖י אֲנִ֥י וּבֵיתִֽי׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *Yaʿăqōb* *ʾel*-*Šimʿôn* *wǝʾel*-*Lēwî* *ʿăkartem* *ʾōtî* *lǝhabʾîšēnî* *bǝyōšēb* *hāʾāreṣ* *bakkǝnaʿănî* *ûbappǝrizzî* *waʾănî* *mǝtê* *mispār* *wǝneʾespû* *ʿālay* *wǝhikkûnî* *wǝnišmadtî* *ʾănî* *ûbêtî*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jacob", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*Šimʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Simeon", "*wǝʾel*": "waw-conjunction + preposition - and to", "*Lēwî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Levi", "*ʿăkartem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have troubled", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1st person singular suffix - me", "*lǝhabʾîšēnî*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - to make me odious", "*bǝyōšēb*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular construct - among the inhabitants of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*bakkǝnaʿănî*": "preposition + definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - among the Canaanite", "*ûbappǝrizzî*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + definite article + gentilic noun, masculine singular - and among the Perizzite", "*waʾănî*": "waw-conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st person singular - and I", "*mǝtê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number", "*wǝneʾespû*": "waw-conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will gather", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*wǝhikkûnî*": "waw-conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st person singular suffix - and they will strike me", "*wǝnišmadtî*": "waw-conjunction + niphal perfect, 1st person singular - and I will be destroyed", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ûbêtî*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - and my house" }, "variants": { "*ʿăkartem*": "you have troubled/brought disaster/stirred up trouble for", "*lǝhabʾîšēnî*": "to make me odious/to make me stink/to bring me into bad odor", "*mǝtê* *mispār*": "men of number/few in number/small group", "*wǝneʾespû*": "and they will gather/assemble/unite", "*wǝhikkûnî*": "and they will strike/attack/kill me", "*wǝnišmadtî*": "and I will be destroyed/annihilated/wiped out" } }
• Gen 35:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Genesis.35.22", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י בִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בָּאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ רְאוּבֵ֔֗ן וַיִּשְׁכַּ֕ב֙ אֶת־בִּלְהָ֖ה֙ פִּילֶ֣גֶשׁ אָבִ֑֔יו וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑͏ֽל פ וַיִּֽהְי֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָֽׂר׃", "text": "And *wayȇhî* when *bišȇkōn* *yiśrāʾēl* in *bāʾāreṣ* *hahîʾ*, and *wayyēlek* *rȇʾûbēn* and *wayyiškab* with *ʾet-bilhâ* *pîlegeš* his *ʾābîw*, and *wayyišmaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*. And *wayyihyû* *bȇnê-yaʿăqōb* *šȇnêm* *ʿāśār*.", "grammar": { "*wayȇhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was", "*bišȇkōn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when dwelling", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, subject - Israel", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + article + feminine singular noun - in the land", "*hahîʾ*": "article + 3rd feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*rȇʾûbēn*": "proper noun, subject - Reuben", "*wayyiškab*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay", "*ʾet-bilhâ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - with Bilhah", "*pîlegeš*": "feminine singular construct noun - concubine of", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were", "*bȇnê-yaʿăqōb*": "masculine plural construct noun + proper noun - sons of Jacob", "*šȇnêm*": "masculine dual noun - two", "*ʿāśār*": "masculine singular noun - ten" }, "variants": { "*bišȇkōn*": "when dwelling/when living/during the residence of", "*hahîʾ*": "that/the same", "*wayyiškab*": "and he lay/and he slept with/and he had relations with", "*pîlegeš*": "concubine/secondary wife", "*wayyišmaʿ*": "and he heard/and he learned of/and he found out about", "*šȇnêm ʿāśār*": "twelve/two-ten" } }
• Gen 38:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.16", "source": "וַיֵּ֨ט אֵלֶ֜יהָ אֶל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽבָה־נָּא֙ אָב֣וֹא אֵלַ֔יִךְ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כַלָּת֖וֹ הִ֑וא וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִּ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֵלָֽי", "text": "And *wayyēṭ* unto her by the *haddereḵ* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hābāh*-*nāʾ* *ʾābôʾ* unto you, for *lōʾ* *yādaʿ* that his *kallātô* she *hîʾ*. And *wattōʾmer*, what *titten*-to me if *tābôʾ* unto me?", "grammar": { "*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*haddereḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hābāh*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - give/come", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*ʾābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - let me come in", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he knew", "*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular personal pronoun - she", "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said", "*titten*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give", "*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you come in" }, "variants": { "*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/turned toward/approached", "*hābāh*": "come/give/let me", "*ʾābôʾ*": "let me come in/let me have relations with", "*yādaʿ*": "he knew/recognized/was aware", "*titten*": "you will give/provide/offer", "*tābôʾ*": "you come in/have relations with" } }
• Gen 49:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Genesis.49.3", "source": "רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣רִי אַ֔תָּה כֹּחִ֖י וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית אוֹנִ֑י יֶ֥תֶר שְׂאֵ֖ת וְיֶ֥תֶר עָֽז", "text": "*rəʾûbēn* *bəkōrî* *ʾattāh* *kōḥî* *wə-rēʾšît* *ʾônî* *yeter* *śəʾēt* *wə-yeter* *ʿāz*", "grammar": { "*rəʾûbēn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Reuben", "*bəkōrî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my firstborn", "*ʾattāh*": "personal pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you", "*kōḥî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my strength", "*wə-rēʾšît*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular construct - and beginning of", "*ʾônî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my vigor/strength", "*yeter*": "noun masculine singular construct - excess of/pre-eminence of", "*śəʾēt*": "noun feminine singular - dignity/exaltation", "*wə-yeter*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and excess of", "*ʿāz*": "noun masculine singular - strength/might/power" }, "variants": { "*bəkōrî*": "my firstborn/firstfruits", "*kōḥî*": "my strength/power/might", "*rēʾšît ʾônî*": "beginning of my strength/first of my vigor/my firstfruits", "*yeter śəʾēt*": "excelling in dignity/pre-eminence in rank/excess of exaltation", "*yeter ʿāz*": "excelling in power/pre-eminence in strength" } } 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.49.4", "source": "פַּ֤חַז כַּמַּ֙יִם֙ אַל־תּוֹתַ֔ר כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ אָ֥ז חִלַּ֖לְתָּ יְצוּעִ֥י עָלָֽה", "text": "*paḥaz* like-the-*mayim* not-*tôtar* because *ʿālîtā* *miškəbê* *ʾābîkā* *ʾāz* *ḥillaltā* *yəṣûʿî* *ʿālāh*", "grammar": { "*paḥaz*": "noun masculine singular - unstable/reckless/unbridled", "*mayim*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*tôtar*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular jussive - have pre-eminence", "*ʿālîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you went up", "*miškəbê*": "noun masculine plural construct - beds of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*ḥillaltā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you defiled/profaned", "*yəṣûʿî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my bed/couch", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up" }, "variants": { "*paḥaz*": "unstable/reckless/unbridled/wanton", "*tôtar*": "excel/have pre-eminence/have remainder", "*ḥillaltā*": "you defiled/profaned/desecrated", "*ʿālāh*": "he went up/ascended" } }
• Lev 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.8", "source": "עֶרְוַ֥ת אֵֽשֶׁת־אָבִ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תְגַלֵּ֑ה עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יךָ הִֽוא׃", "text": "*ʿerwat* *ʾēšet*-*ʾābîkā* *lōʾ* *təgallēh* *ʿerwat* *ʾābîkā* *hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*təgallēh*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall uncover", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it is" }, "variants": { "*ʿerwat*": "nakedness of/sexual parts of/shame of", "*ʾēšet*": "wife of/woman of", "*təgallēh*": "you shall uncover/you shall expose/you shall have sexual relations with" } }
• Lev 20:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.11", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יו גִּלָּ֑ה מֽוֹת־יוּמְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yiškab* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *ʾābîw* *ʿerwat* *ʾābîw* *gillāh* *môt*-*yûmᵊtû* *šᵊnêhem* *dᵊmêhem* in-them", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yiškab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - lies with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*gillāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel - he has uncovered", "*môt*-*yûmᵊtû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*šᵊnêhem*": "numeral, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*dᵊmêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/upon them" }, "variants": { "*yiškab*": "lies with/has sexual relations with", "*ʾēšet* *ʾābîw*": "his father's wife/his stepmother", "*ʿerwat* *ʾābîw* *gillāh*": "he has uncovered his father's nakedness/he has dishonored his father", "*môt*-*yûmᵊtû*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*dᵊmêhem* *bām*": "their blood is upon them/they are responsible for their own death/their bloodguilt is on themselves" } }
• 1 Sam 13:4 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.13.4", "source": "וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֞ל שָׁמְע֣וּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־נְצִ֣יב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְגַם־נִבְאַשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיִּצָּעֲק֥וּ הָעָ֛ם אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃", "text": "And-all-*yiśrāʾēl* *šāmĕʿû* *lēmōr* *hikkâ* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*nĕṣîḇ* *pĕlištîm* and-also-*niḇʾaš* *yiśrāʾēl* in-*pĕlištîm* *wayyiṣṣāʿăqû* *hāʿām* after *šāʾûl* *haggilgāl*", "grammar": { "*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they heard", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he struck/attacked", "*niḇʾaš*": "niphal perfect, 3ms - became odious/was abhorred", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3mp - and they were called together/gathered" }, "variants": { "*niḇʾaš*": "became odious/was abhorred/had become hated/stank in the nostrils of", "*wayyiṣṣāʿăqû*": "were called together/were summoned/gathered themselves" } }
• 1 Sam 27:12 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.27.12", "source": "וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ן אָכִ֖ישׁ בְּדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַבְאֵ֤שׁ הִבְאִישׁ֙ בְּעַמּ֣וֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָ֥יָה לִ֖י לְעֶ֥בֶד עוֹלָֽם", "text": "And *wayyaʾămēn* *ʾāḵîš* in-*Dāwid* *lēmōr*, *haḇʾēš* *hiḇʾîš* in-people of him in-*yiśrāʾēl*, and *wəhāyāh* to me for-*ʿeḇed* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʾămēn*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he trusted/believed", "*ʾāḵîš*": "proper noun - Achish", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*haḇʾēš*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - utterly odious/stinking", "*hiḇʾîš*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he has made himself odious", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəhāyāh*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and he will be", "*ʿeḇed*": "noun ms construct - servant of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun ms - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*haḇʾēš* *hiḇʾîš*": "he has utterly made himself odious/detestable (emphatic construction)", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetually/long duration" } }