2 Samuel 17:8

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Ḥûšay*, You *yāḏaʿtā* your *ʾāḇîḵā* and his *ʾănāšāyw* that *gibbōrîm* they [are] and *mārê* of *nep̄eš* they [are], like a *kəḏōḇ* *šakkûl* in the *baśśāḏeh*; and your *wəʾāḇîḵā* [is] an *ʾîš* of *milḥāmāh*, and not *yālîn* with the *hāʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Ḥûšay*": "proper noun, masculine - Hushai", "*yāḏaʿtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular, qal - you know", "*ʾāḇîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father", "*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men", "*gibbōrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty men", "*mārê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - bitter of", "*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul", "*kəḏōḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a bear", "*šakkûl*": "passive participle, masculine singular, qal - bereaved", "*baśśāḏeh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the field", "*wəʾāḇîḵā*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your father", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war", "*yālîn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he will spend the night" }, "variants": { "*gibbōrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*mārê* *nep̄eš*": "bitter of soul/fierce in spirit/desperate", "*kəḏōḇ* *šakkûl*": "like a bear bereaved of cubs/like a bear robbed of her young", "*ʾîš* *milḥāmāh*": "man of war/warrior/experienced fighter", "*yālîn*": "will spend the night/lodge/stay" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חוּשַׁ֗י אַתָּ֣ה יָ֠דַעְתָּ אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ וְאֶת־אֲנָשָׁ֜יו כִּ֧י גִבֹּרִ֣ים הֵ֗מָּה וּמָרֵ֥י נֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הֵ֔מָּה כְּדֹ֥ב שַׁכּ֖וּל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וְאָבִ֙יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹ֥א יָלִ֖ין אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

Transliteration

And wayyōʾmer Ḥûšay, You yāḏaʿtā your ʾāḇîḵā and his ʾănāšāyw that gibbōrîm they [are] and mārê of nep̄eš they [are], like a kəḏōḇ šakkûl in the baśśāḏeh; and your wəʾāḇîḵā [is] an ʾîš of milḥāmāh, and not yālîn with the hāʿām.

Grammar Details

• *wayyōʾmer*: waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said
• *Ḥûšay*: proper noun, masculine - Hushai
• *yāḏaʿtā*: perfect, 2nd masculine singular, qal - you know
• *ʾāḇîḵā*: noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father
• *ʾănāšāyw*: noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his men
• *gibbōrîm*: adjective, masculine plural - mighty men
• *mārê*: adjective, masculine plural construct - bitter of
• *nep̄eš*: noun, feminine singular - soul
• *kəḏōḇ*: preposition + noun, masculine singular - like a bear
• *šakkûl*: passive participle, masculine singular, qal - bereaved
• *baśśāḏeh*: preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the field
• *wəʾāḇîḵā*: waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your father
• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular construct - man of
• *milḥāmāh*: noun, feminine singular - war
• *yālîn*: imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he will spend the night

Word Meanings

• *gibbōrîm*: mighty men/warriors/heroes
• *mārê* *nep̄eš*: bitter of soul/fierce in spirit/desperate
• *kəḏōḇ* *šakkûl*: like a bear bereaved of cubs/like a bear robbed of her young
• *ʾîš* *milḥāmāh*: man of war/warrior/experienced fighter
• *yālîn*: will spend the night/lodge/stay

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Hushai continued, 'You know your father and his men; they are mighty warriors and bitter in spirit, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is an experienced fighter, and he will not spend the night with the troops.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For, said Hushai, you know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and are angry in their minds, as a bear robbed of her cubs in the field: and your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Hushai said moreover, Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they be mighty men, and they be chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And Chusai sayde morouer: Thou knowest thy father well and his men, that they are stronge and of a wrothfull stomack, euen as a Beer that is robbed of hir yonge ones in the felde, Thy father also is a man of warre, and wyl not be necliget with the people.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father, and his men, that they be strong men, and are chafed in minde as a beare robbed of her whelps in the fielde: also thy father is a valiant warrier, and will not lodge with the people.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For sayde Husai, thou knowest thy father & his men howe that they be strong men, and they be chased in their mindes, and are euen as a Beare robbed of her whelpes in the fielde: Thy father is a man also practised in warre, and wil not lodge with the people.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For, said Hushai, thou knowest thy father and his men, that they [be] mighty men, and they [be] chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field: and thy father [is] a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Hushai said moreover, You know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are fierce in their minds, as a bear robbed of her cubs in the field; and your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Hushai saith, `Thou hast known thy father and his men, that they `are' heroes, and they are bitter in soul as a bereaved bear in a field, and thy father `is' a man of war, and doth not lodge with the people;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Hushai said moreover, Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Hushai said moreover, Thou knowest thy father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are chafed in their minds, as a bear robbed of her whelps in the field; and thy father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Hushai said further, You have knowledge of your father and his men, that they are men of war, and that their feelings are bitter, like those of a bear in the field whose young ones have been taken from her: and your father is a man of war, and will not take his night's rest with the people;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Hushai said moreover, "You know your father and his men, that they are mighty men, and they are fierce in their minds, like a bear robbed of her cubs in the field. Your father is a man of war, and will not lodge with the people.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Hushai went on to say,“You know your father and his men– they are soldiers and are as dangerous as a bear out in the wild that has been robbed of her cubs. Your father is an experienced soldier; he will not stay overnight with the army.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 13:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.13.8", "source": "אֶפְגְּשֵׁם֙ כְּדֹ֣ב שַׁכּ֔וּל וְאֶקְרַ֖ע סְג֣וֹר לִבָּ֑ם וְאֹכְלֵ֥ם שָׁם֙ כְּלָבִ֔יא חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה תְּבַקְּעֵֽם׃", "text": "I *pāgaš*-them like-*dōb* *šakkūl* *wə-* I *qāraʿ* *sᵉgôr* *lēb*-their *wə-* I *ʾākal*-them there like-*lābîʾ* *ḥayyat* the-*śādeh* she *bāqaʿ*-them", "grammar": { "*pāgaš*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'will meet/encounter them'", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - 'bear'", "*šakkūl*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - 'bereaved/robbed of cubs'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*qāraʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - 'will tear/rend'", "*sᵉgôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'enclosure of'", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their heart'", "*ʾākal*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'will devour them'", "*lābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'lion/lioness'", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'beast of'", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the field'", "*bāqaʿ*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'will tear/rip them'" }, "variants": { "*pāgaš*": "meet/encounter/confront", "*dōb*": "bear/she-bear", "*šakkūl*": "bereaved/robbed of cubs", "*qāraʿ*": "tear/rend/rip open", "*sᵉgôr*": "enclosure/covering/casing", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*ʾākal*": "devour/consume/eat", "*lābîʾ*": "lion/lioness/great lion", "*ḥayyat*": "beast/living creature", "*śādeh*": "field/open country", "*bāqaʿ*": "tear/rip open/split" } }
• 1 Sam 16:18 : 18 { "verseID": "1_Samuel.16.18", "source": "וַיַּעַן֩ אֶחָ֨ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֨ה רָאִ֜יתִי בֵּ֣ן לְיִשַׁי֮ בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִי֒ יֹדֵ֣עַ נַ֠גֵּן וְגִבּ֨וֹר חַ֜יִל וְאִ֧ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֛ה וּנְב֥וֹן דָּבָ֖ר וְאִ֣ישׁ תֹּ֑אַר וַיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wə-yaʿan* one from the *hannəʿārîm* and *wə-yōʾmer*, \"Behold, I have *rāʾîtî* a son of *Yišay* *bêt halllaḥmî*, *yōdēaʿ* *naggēn* and *gibbôr* *ḥayil* and *ʾîš* of *milḥāmâ* and *nəbôn* of *dābār* and *ʾîš* of *tōʾar*, and *Yəhwāh* is with him.\"", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿan*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*hannəʿārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the young men/servants", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have seen", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*bêt halllaḥmî*": "construct phrase - Bethlehemite", "*yōdēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*naggēn*": "Piel infinitive construct - to play", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - mighty", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - valor/strength", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*nəbôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular construct - understanding of", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/speech/matter", "*tōʾar*": "noun, masculine singular - form/appearance", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/YHWH" }, "variants": { "*hannəʿārîm*": "the young men/the servants/the attendants", "*yōdēaʿ*": "knowing/skilled in/proficient in", "*naggēn*": "playing/making music/plucking strings", "*gibbôr ḥayil*": "mighty of valor/strong warrior/capable man", "*ʾîš milḥāmâ*": "man of war/warrior/battle-experienced", "*nəbôn dābār*": "discerning in speech/wise in word/eloquent", "*ʾîš tōʾar*": "man of form/handsome/good-looking" } }
• Heb 11:32-34 : 32 { "verseID": "Hebrews.11.32", "source": "Καὶ τί ἔτι λέγω; ἐπιλείψει γὰρ με διηγούμενον ὁ χρόνος περὶ Γεδεών, Βαράκ τε, καὶ Σαμψών, καὶ Ἰεφθάε· Δαυίδ τε, καὶ Σαμουὴλ, καὶ τῶν προφητῶν:", "text": "And what *eti* do I *legō*? *epileipsei* *gar* me *diēgoumenon* the *chronos* concerning *Gedeōn*, *Barak* *te*, and *Sampsōn*, and *Iephthae*; *David* *te*, and *Samouēl*, and the *prophētōn*:", "grammar": { "*eti*": "adverb - still/yet/more", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - I say/tell", "*epileipsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd singular - will fail/run out", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*diēgoumenon*": "present middle participle, accusative, masculine, singular - telling/recounting", "*chronos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - time", "*te*": "connective particle - and/both", "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of prophets" }, "variants": { "*eti*": "still/yet/more/further", "*legō*": "say/tell/speak", "*epileipsei*": "will fail/run out/be insufficient", "*diēgoumenon*": "telling/recounting/narrating", "*chronos*": "time/period/season", "*prophētōn*": "prophets/seers" } } 33 { "verseID": "Hebrews.11.33", "source": "Οἳ διὰ πίστεως κατηγωνίσαντο βασιλείας, εἰργάσαντο δικαιοσύνην, ἐπέτυχον ἐπαγγελιῶν, ἔφραξαν στόματα λεόντων,", "text": "Who through *pisteōs* *katēgōnisanto* *basileias*, *eirgasanto* *dikaiosynēn*, *epetychon* *epangeliōn*, *ephraxan* *stomata* of *leontōn*,", "grammar": { "*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith", "*katēgōnisanto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - conquered/subdued", "*basileias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - kingdoms", "*eirgasanto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - worked/performed", "*dikaiosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*epetychon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - obtained", "*epangeliōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of promises", "*ephraxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - stopped/shut", "*stomata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - mouths", "*leontōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of lions" }, "variants": { "*katēgōnisanto*": "conquered/subdued/overcame", "*basileias*": "kingdoms/reigns/royal power", "*eirgasanto*": "worked/performed/accomplished", "*dikaiosynēn*": "righteousness/justice/right conduct", "*epetychon*": "obtained/attained/acquired", "*epangeliōn*": "promises/pledges/announcements", "*ephraxan*": "stopped/shut/closed", "*stomata*": "mouths/openings", "*leontōn*": "lions/predatory animals" } } 34 { "verseID": "Hebrews.11.34", "source": "Ἔσβεσαν δύναμιν πυρός, ἔφυγον στόματα μαχαίρας, ἐνεδυναμώθησαν ἀπὸ ἀσθενείας, ἐγενήθησαν ἰσχυροὶ ἐν πολέμῳ, παρεμβολὰς ἔκλιναν ἀλλοτρίων.", "text": "They *esbesan* *dynamin* of *pyros*, *ephygon* *stomata* of *machairas*, *enedynamōthēsan* from *astheneias*, *egenēthēsan* *ischyroi* in *polemō*, *parembolas* they *eklinan* of *allotriōn*.", "grammar": { "*esbesan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - quenched/extinguished", "*dynamin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - power/might", "*pyros*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of fire", "*ephygon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - escaped/fled", "*stomata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - edges/mouths", "*machairas*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sword", "*enedynamōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural - were strengthened/empowered", "*astheneias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - from weakness/illness", "*egenēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural - became/were made", "*ischyroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - strong/powerful", "*polemō*": "dative, masculine, singular - in war/battle", "*parembolas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - armies/camps", "*eklinan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - turned to flight/routed", "*allotriōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of foreigners/strangers" }, "variants": { "*esbesan*": "quenched/extinguished/put out", "*dynamin*": "power/might/force", "*pyros*": "fire/flame", "*ephygon*": "escaped/fled/avoided", "*stomata*": "edges/mouths/points", "*machairas*": "sword/knife", "*enedynamōthēsan*": "were strengthened/empowered/made strong", "*astheneias*": "weakness/illness/infirmity", "*egenēthēsan*": "became/were made/were turned", "*ischyroi*": "strong/powerful/mighty", "*polemō*": "war/battle/conflict", "*parembolas*": "armies/camps/hosts", "*eklinan*": "turned to flight/routed/caused to retreat", "*allotriōn*": "foreigners/strangers/aliens" } }
• Prov 17:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.17.12", "source": "פָּגוֹשׁ דֹּב שַׁכּוּל בְּאִישׁ וְאַל־כְּסִיל בְּאִוַּלְתּוֹ", "text": "*pāgôš* *dōb* *šakkûl* in *'îš* *wə-'al*-*kəsîl* in *'iwwaltô*", "grammar": { "*pāgôš*": "infinitive absolute, Qal - to meet/encounter", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*šakkûl*": "adjective, masculine singular - bereaved", "*bə-'îš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against a man", "*wə-'al*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool", "*bə-'iwwaltô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his folly" }, "variants": { "*pāgôš*": "to meet/encounter/confront", "*dōb*": "bear", "*šakkûl*": "bereaved/robbed of cubs", "*'îš*": "man/person", "*'al*": "not/do not", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*'iwwaltô*": "his folly/foolishness/stupidity" } }
• Dan 7:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Daniel.7.5", "source": "וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָה֩ אָחֳרִ֨י תִנְיָנָ֜ה דָּמְיָ֣ה לְדֹ֗ב וְלִשְׂטַר־חַד֙ הֳקִמַ֔ת וּתְלָ֥ת עִלְעִ֛ין בְּפֻמַּ֖הּ בֵּ֣ין שִׁנַּ֑הּ וְכֵן֙ אָמְרִ֣ין לַ֔הּ ק֥וּמִֽי אֲכֻ֖לִי בְּשַׂ֥ר שַׂגִּֽיא׃", "text": "And-*ʾărû* *ḥêwāh* *ʾoḥŏrî* *tinyānāh* *dāməyāh* to-*dōb*, and-to-*səṭar*-*ḥad* *hoqîmat*, and-*təlāt* *ʿilʿîn* in-*pummah* between *šinnah*; and-thus *ʾāmərîn* to-her, *qûmî* *ʾăkūlî* *bəśar* *śaggîʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾărû*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ḥêwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/creature", "*ʾoḥŏrî*": "adjective, feminine singular - another", "*tinyānāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - second", "*dāməyāh*": "verb, participle, feminine singular - resembling", "*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*səṭar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - side of", "*ḥad*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one", "*hoqîmat*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was raised up", "*təlāt*": "cardinal number, feminine - three", "*ʿilʿîn*": "noun, feminine plural - ribs", "*pummah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her mouth", "*šinnah*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her teeth", "*ʾāmərîn*": "verb, participle, masculine plural - saying", "*qûmî*": "verb, imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*ʾăkūlî*": "verb, imperative, feminine singular - eat", "*bəśar*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh", "*śaggîʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/abundant" }, "variants": { "*ʾoḥŏrî*": "another/other", "*dāməyāh*": "resembling/likening/similar to", "*dōb*": "bear", "*hoqîmat*": "was raised up/was made to stand", "*ʿilʿîn*": "ribs/tusks", "*ʾāmərîn*": "saying/speaking/telling", "*bəśar*": "flesh/meat", "*śaggîʾ*": "much/abundant/great" } }
• Judg 18:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Judges.18.25", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ בְּנֵי־דָ֔ן אַל־תַּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלְךָ֖ עִמָּ֑נוּ פֶּֽן־יִפְגְּע֣וּ בָכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁים֙ מָ֣רֵי נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ֥ה נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmĕrû* to-him sons-of-*dān*, do-not *tašmaʿ* your voice with-us, lest-*yipgĕʿû* against-you *ʾănāšîm* *mārê* *nepeš* and *wĕʾāsaptâ* your *napšĕkā* and *nepeš* your house.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they said", "*bĕnê-dān*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Dan", "*ʾal-tašmaʿ*": "negative particle + 2nd masculine singular, hiphil jussive - do not let be heard", "*qôlĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your voice", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - with us", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yipgĕʿû*": "3rd masculine plural, qal imperfect - they will meet/attack", "*bākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*mārê*": "masculine plural construct, adjective - bitter of", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/life/person", "*wĕʾāsaptâ*": "waw-conjunction + 2nd masculine singular, qal perfect - and you will gather/lose", "*napšĕkā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul/life", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular construct - soul/life of", "*bêtekā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your house/household" }, "variants": { "*ʾal-tašmaʿ qôlĕkā*": "do not let your voice be heard/do not speak up/be quiet", "*pen-yipgĕʿû bākem*": "lest they attack you/lest they fall upon you", "*ʾănāšîm mārê nepeš*": "men bitter of spirit/angry men/men with fierce tempers", "*wĕʾāsaptâ napšĕkā*": "you will lose your life/you will die/your life will be taken", "*nepeš bêtekā*": "lives of your household/lives of your family members" } }
• Prov 28:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.15", "source": "אֲרִי־נֹ֭הֵם וְדֹ֣ב שׁוֹקֵ֑ק מֹשֵׁ֥ל רָ֝שָׁ֗ע עַ֣ל עַם־דָּֽל׃", "text": "*'ărî*-*nōhēm* *wəḏōḇ* *šôqēq* *mōšēl* *rāšāʿ* *'al* *'am*-*dāl*", "grammar": { "*'ărî*-*nōhēm*": "noun, masculine singular + Qal participle, masculine singular - lion roaring", "*wəḏōḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a bear", "*šôqēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - charging/rushing", "*mōšēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - ruling", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked", "*'al*": "preposition - over", "*'am*-*dāl*": "noun, masculine singular + adjective, masculine singular - poor people" }, "variants": { "*'ărî*": "lion", "*nōhēm*": "roaring/growling", "*dōḇ*": "bear", "*šôqēq*": "charging/rushing/running", "*mōšēl*": "ruler/one ruling", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/evil", "*'am*": "people/nation", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/lowly" } }
• 1 Sam 17:34-36 : 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was", "*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep", "*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took", "*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35", "source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out", "*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered", "*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth", "*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped", "*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard", "*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased", "*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him", "*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved", "*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws", "*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked", "*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of", "*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane", "*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } }
• 1 Sam 17:50 : 50 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot" } }
• 1 Sam 23:23 : 23 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.23.23", "source": "וּרְא֣וּ וּדְע֗וּ מִכֹּ֤ל הַמַּֽחֲבֹאִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְחַבֵּ֣א שָׁ֔ם וְשַׁבְתֶּ֤ם אֵלַי֙ אֶל־נָכ֔וֹן וְהָלַכְתִּ֖י אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְהָיָה֙ אִם־יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ בָאָ֔רֶץ וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֣י אֹת֔וֹ בְּכֹ֖ל אַלְפֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה", "text": "And *ûrᵊʾû* and *ûdᵊʿû* from all the *maḥăbōʾîm* *ʾăšer* *yitḥabbēʾ* there, and *wᵊšabtem* to me to-*nākôn*, and *wᵊhālaktî* with you; and *wᵊhāyāh* if-*yešnô* in the land, and *wᵊḥippaśtî* *ʾōtô* in all *ʾalpê* *Yᵊhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*ûrᵊʾû*": "waw-conjunctive + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and see", "*ûdᵊʿû*": "waw-conjunctive + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and know", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from all of", "*hammaḥăbōʾîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the hiding places", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/where", "*yitḥabbēʾ*": "Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hides himself", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wᵊšabtem*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will return", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*nākôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - certain/established", "*wᵊhālaktî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will go", "*ʾittᵊkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - with you", "*wᵊhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yešnô*": "particle of existence + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he exists", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the land", "*wᵊḥippaśtî*": "waw-consecutive + Piel perfect, 1st common singular - and I will search out", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*bᵊkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - among all", "*ʾalpê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thousands of", "*Yᵊhûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ûrᵊʾû*": "and see/and observe/and look", "*ûdᵊʿû*": "and know/and find out/and discover", "*hammaḥăbōʾîm*": "the hiding places/the secret places/the concealed spots", "*yitḥabbēʾ*": "he hides himself/he conceals himself/he takes refuge", "*wᵊšabtem*": "and you will return/and you will come back", "*nākôn*": "certain/established/confirmed information", "*wᵊhālaktî*": "and I will go/and I will travel/and I will come", "*wᵊhāyāh*": "and it will be/and it will happen", "*yešnô*": "he exists/he is present/he is there", "*wᵊḥippaśtî*": "and I will search out/and I will seek thoroughly/and I will hunt", "*ʾalpê*": "thousands of/clans of/divisions of" } }
• 2 Sam 15:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.18", "source": "וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים עַל־יָד֔וֹ וְכָל־הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְכָל־הַפְּלֵתִ֑י וְכָֽל־הַגִּתִּ֞ים שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤אוּ בְרַגְלוֹ֙ מִגַּ֔ת עֹבְרִ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-ḵol*-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *ʿōḇrîm* *ʿal*-*yāḏô* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-kərēṯî* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-pəlēṯî* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-gittîm* *šēš*-*mēʾôṯ* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*bāʾû* *ḇə-raḡlô* *mi-gaṯ* *ʿōḇrîm* *ʿal*-*pənê* *ha-meleḵ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - passing/crossing", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over/beside", "*yāḏô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ha-kərēṯî*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Cherethites", "*ha-pəlēṯî*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Pelethites", "*ha-gittîm*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Gittites", "*šēš*": "cardinal number - six", "*mēʾôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they came", "*ḇə-raḡlô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - by his foot", "*mi-gaṯ*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - passing/crossing", "*ʿal*-*pənê*": "preposition + construct state of masculine plural noun - before/in front of", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "passing by/crossing over/marching", "*ʿal-yāḏô*": "beside him/at his side/under his command", "*ha-kərēṯî*": "the Cherethites (possibly bodyguards or mercenaries)", "*ha-pəlēṯî*": "the Pelethites (possibly bodyguards or mercenaries)", "*ha-gittîm*": "the Gittites (people from Gath)", "*bāʾû ḇə-raḡlô*": "came in his footsteps/following him/in his service", "*ʿal-pənê*": "before/in front of/in the presence of" } }
• 2 Sam 21:18-22 : 18 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.18", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה בְּג֖וֹב עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים אָ֣ז הִכָּ֗ה סִבְּכַי֙ הַחֻ֣שָׁתִ֔י אֶת־סַ֕ף אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּילִדֵ֥י הָרָפָֽה", "text": "And *wayĕhî* after-that, and *wattĕhî*-again the-*milḥāmâ* at-*Gôb* with-*Pĕlištîm*; then *hikkâ* *Sibbĕkay* the-*Ḥušātî* *ʾet*-*Sap*, who was among-*yĕlîdê* the-*hārāpâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened", "*wattĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and there was", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle", "*Gôb*": "proper noun - Gob", "*Pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he struck/killed", "*Sibbĕkay*": "proper noun - Sibbecai", "*Ḥušātî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Hushathite", "*Sap*": "proper noun - Saph", "*yĕlîdê*": "qal passive participle masculine plural construct - offspring of", "*hārāpâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Raphah" }, "variants": { "*yĕlîdê* *hārāpâ*": "descendants of the Raphah/giants/Rephaim" } } 19 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.19", "source": "וַתְּהִי־ע֧וֹד הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה בְּג֖וֹב עִם־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּ֡ךְ אֶלְחָנָן֩ בֶּן־יַעְרֵ֨י אֹרְגִ֜ים בֵּ֣ית הַלַּחְמִ֗י אֵ֚ת גָּלְיָ֣ת הַגִּתִּ֔י וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֔וֹ כִּמְנ֖וֹר אֹרְגִֽים", "text": "And *wattĕhî*-again the-*milḥāmâ* at-*Gôb* with-*Pĕlištîm*; and *wayyak* *ʾElḥānān* *ben*-*Yaʿărê* *ʾōrĕgîm* *Bêt* the-*Laḥmî* *ʾēt* *Golyat* the-*Gittî*, and-*ʿēṣ* *ḥănîtô* was like-*mĕnôr* *ʾōrĕgîm*.", "grammar": { "*wattĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and there was", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle", "*Gôb*": "proper noun - Gob", "*Pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he struck", "*ʾElḥānān*": "proper noun - Elhanan", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yaʿărê*": "proper noun - Jaare", "*ʾōrĕgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - weavers", "*Bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Laḥmî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Lehmite", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Golyat*": "proper noun - Goliath", "*Gittî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article - the Gittite", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shaft of", "*ḥănîtô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his spear", "*mĕnôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beam of", "*ʾōrĕgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - weavers" }, "variants": { "*Yaʿărê* *ʾōrĕgîm*": "Jaare-oregim/possibly 'forests of weavers'/professional title", "*mĕnôr* *ʾōrĕgîm*": "weaver's beam/rod in a loom" } } 20 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.20", "source": "וַתְּהִי־ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ *מדין **מָד֗וֹן וְאֶצְבְּעֹ֣ת יָדָיו֩ וְאֶצְבְּעֹ֨ת רַגְלָ֜יו שֵׁ֣שׁ וָשֵׁ֗שׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וְאַרְבַּע֙ מִסְפָּ֔ר וְגַם־ה֖וּא יֻלַּ֥ד לְהָרָפָֽה", "text": "And *wattĕhî*-more *milḥāmâ* in-*Gat*, and *wayĕhî* *ʾîš* *mādôn*, and-*ʾeṣbĕʿōt* *yādāyw* and-*ʾeṣbĕʿōt* *raglāyw* six and-six, twenty and-four in-*mispār*, and-also-he *yullad* to-the-*hārāpâ*.", "grammar": { "*wattĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3fs - and there was", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - battle", "*Gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*wayĕhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and there was", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*mādôn*": "noun, masculine singular (Ketiv: *mdyn*) - stature/contention", "*ʾeṣbĕʿōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - fingers of", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3ms suffix - his hands", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3ms suffix - his feet", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number", "*yullad*": "pual perfect 3ms - he was born", "*hārāpâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Raphah" }, "variants": { "*mādôn*": "stature/great size/contention", "*yullad* to-the-*hārāpâ*": "was born to the Raphah/was of giant descent" } } 21 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.21", "source": "וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֙הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן־*שמעי **שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽד", "text": "And *wayĕḥārēp* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyakkēhû* *Yĕhônātān* *ben*-*Šimʿâ* *ʾăḥî* *Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕḥārēp*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he taunted", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyakkēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he struck him", "*Yĕhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Šimʿâ*": "proper noun (Ketiv: *šmʿy*) - Shimea", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - brother of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*wayĕḥārēp*": "taunted/defied/reproached" } } 22 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.22", "source": "אֶת־אַרְבַּ֥עַת אֵ֛לֶּה יֻלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד־דָּוִ֖ד וּבְיַ֥ד עֲבָדָֽיו", "text": "*ʾet*-four *ʾēlleh* *yullĕdû* to-the-*hārāpâ* in-*Gat*, and *wayyippĕlû* by-*yad*-*Dāwid* and-by-*yad* *ʿăbādāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun - these", "*yullĕdû*": "pual perfect 3cp - they were born", "*hārāpâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Raphah", "*Gat*": "proper noun - Gath", "*wayyippĕlû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they fell", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3ms suffix - his servants" }, "variants": { "*wayyippĕlû* by-*yad*": "they fell by the hand of/they were killed by", "*yullĕdû* to-the-*hārāpâ*": "were born to the Raphah/were of giant descent" } }
• 2 Sam 23:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.8", "source": "אֵ֛לֶּה שְׁמ֥וֹת הַגִּבֹּרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְדָוִ֑ד יֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּשֶּׁ֜בֶת תַּחְכְּמֹנִ֣י ׀ רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׁלִשִׁ֗י ה֚וּא עֲדִינ֣וֹ *העצנו **הָֽעֶצְנִ֔י עַל־שְׁמֹנֶ֥ה מֵא֛וֹת חָלָ֖ל בְּפַ֥עַם *אחד **אֶחָֽת", "text": "These *šəmôṯ* *haggibbōrîm* *ʾăšer* *ləDāwiḏ*: *yōšēḇ* *baššeḇeṯ* *Taḥkəmōnî*, *rōʾš* *haššālišî*, he *ʿĂḏînô* *hāʿeṣnî* *ʿal*-eight *mēʾôṯ* *ḥālāl* *bəfaʿam* *ʾeḥāṯ*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*šəmôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - names of", "*haggibbōrîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mighty men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*lə-*": "preposition - to/for/belonging to", "*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - sitting/dwelling", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - in the", "*šeḇeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - seat/dwelling", "*Taḥkəmōnî*": "proper noun - Tahchmonite", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head/chief of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šālišî*": "adjective, masculine singular - third/captains", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*ʿĂḏînô*": "proper noun - Adino", "*hā-*": "definite article - the", "*ʿeṣnî*": "proper adjective - Eznite", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*šəmōneh*": "number - eight", "*mēʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*ḥālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - slain", "*bə-*": "preposition - in/with", "*faʿam*": "noun, feminine singular - time/occurrence", "*ʾeḥāṯ*": "adjective, feminine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*šəmôṯ*": "names/titles", "*haggibbōrîm*": "the mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yōšēḇ*": "sitting/dwelling/remaining", "*šeḇeṯ*": "seat/dwelling/abode", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader", "*šālišî*": "third/captains/officers", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/killed/pierced", "*faʿam*": "time/instance/occasion" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.9", "source": "*ואחרו **וְאַחֲרָ֛יו אֶלְעָזָ֥ר בֶּן־*דדי **דֹּד֖וֹ בֶּן־אֲחֹחִ֑י בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה *גברים **הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים עִם־דָּוִ֗ד בְּחָֽרְפָ֤ם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ נֶאֶסְפוּ־שָׁ֣ם לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַֽיַּעֲל֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And *ʾaḥărāyw* *ʾElʿāzār* *ben*-*Dōḏô* *ben*-*ʾĂḥōḥî*, with three *haggibbōrîm* *ʿim*-*Dāwiḏ* when *bəḥārpām* against the *Pəlištîm*; they *neʾesfû*-there *lammilḥāmāh*, and *yaʿălû* *ʾîš* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him", "*ʾElʿāzār*": "proper noun - Eleazar", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Dōḏô*": "proper noun - Dodo", "*ʾĂḥōḥî*": "proper adjective - Ahohite", "*bi-*": "preposition - with/among", "*šəlōšāh*": "number - three", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*gibbōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mighty men", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*bə-*": "preposition - in/when", "*ḥārpām*": "piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their taunting", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - against the", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*neʾesfû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they gathered", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*la-*": "preposition + definite article - for the", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they went up/withdrew", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥārpām*": "their taunting/defying/reproaching", "*neʾesfû*": "gathered/assembled/mustered", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*yaʿălû*": "went up/withdrew/retreated" } }
• 2 Sam 23:16 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.16", "source": "וַיִּבְקְעוּ֩ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הַגִּבֹּרִ֜ים בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיִּֽשְׁאֲבוּ־מַ֙יִם֙ מִבֹּ֤אר בֵּֽית־לֶ֙חֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשַּׁ֔עַר וַיִּשְׂא֖וּ וַיָּבִ֣אוּ אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ לִשְׁתּוֹתָ֔ם וַיַּסֵּ֥ךְ אֹתָ֖ם לַֽיהוָֽה", "text": "And *yiḇqəʿû* *šəlōšeṯ* *haggibbōrîm* in *maḥănēh* *Pəlištîm*, and *yišʾăḇû*-*mayim* from *bōʾr* *Bêṯ*-*Leḥem* *ʾăšer* in the *šaʿar*, and *yiśʾû* and *yāḇîʾû* *ʾel*-*Dāwiḏ*; and *lōʾ* *ʾāḇāh* *lištôṯām* and *yassēḵ* *ʾōṯām* to *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yiḇqəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they broke through", "*šəlōšeṯ*": "number, construct - three of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*gibbōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mighty men", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yišʾăḇû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they drew", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*bōʾr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - well of", "*Bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - Bethlehem", "*Leḥem*": "proper noun - Lehem", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - in the", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - gate", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they carried", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yāḇîʾû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they brought", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*Dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾāḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing", "*li-*": "preposition - to", "*štôṯām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - drink them", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yassēḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he poured out", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*la-*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD" }, "variants": { "*yiḇqəʿû*": "broke through/penetrated/split", "*yišʾăḇû*": "drew/hauled/pumped", "*yiśʾû*": "carried/lifted/bore", "*yāḇîʾû*": "brought/carried/conveyed", "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/desired", "*yassēḵ*": "poured out/offered as libation" } }
• 2 Sam 23:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.18", "source": "וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ *השלשי **הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה", "text": "And *ʾĂḇîšay* *ʾăḥî* *Yôʾāḇ* *ben*-*Ṣərûyāh*, he was *rōʾš* *haššəlōšāh*; and he *ʿôrēr* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥănîṯô* against three *mēʾôṯ* *ḥālāl*, and to him a *šēm* in the *šəlōšāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾĂḇîšay*": "proper noun - Abishai", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - brother of", "*Yôʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Joab", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Ṣərûyāh*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head/chief of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šəlōšāh*": "number - three", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*ʿôrēr*": "polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he brandished", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥănîṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spear", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*šəlōš*": "number - three", "*mēʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*ḥālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - slain", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - in the", "*šəlōšāh*": "number - three" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/commander of", "*ʿôrēr*": "brandished/lifted/wielded", "*ḥānîṯ*": "spear/javelin/lance", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/killed/wounded", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/renown" } }
• 2 Sam 23:20-22 : 20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.20", "source": "וּבְנָיָ֨הוּ בֶן־יְהוֹיָדָ֧ע בֶּן־אִֽישׁ־*חי **חַ֛יִל רַב־פְּעָלִ֖ים מִֽקַּבְצְאֵ֑ל ה֣וּא הִכָּ֗ה אֵ֣ת שְׁנֵ֤י אֲרִאֵל֙ מוֹאָ֔ב וְ֠הוּא יָרַ֞ד וְהִכָּ֧ה אֶֽת־*האריה **הָאֲרִ֛י בְּת֥וֹךְ הַבֹּ֖אר בְּי֥וֹם הַשָּֽׁלֶג", "text": "And *Bənāyāhû* *ben*-*Yəhôyāḏāʿ* *ben*-*ʾîš*-*ḥayil* *raḇ*-*pəʿālîm* from *Qaḇṣəʾēl*; he *hikkāh* two *ʾărîʾēl* *Môʾāḇ*; and he *yāraḏ* and *hikkāh* *ʾeṯ*-the *ʾărî* in the midst of the *bōʾr* on *yôm* the *šāleg*", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*Bənāyāhû*": "proper noun - Benaiah", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yəhôyāḏāʿ*": "proper noun - Jehoiada", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - valor", "*raḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - great in", "*pəʿālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - deeds", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*Qaḇṣəʾēl*": "proper noun - Kabzeel", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he smote", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šənê*": "number, construct - two of", "*ʾărîʾēl*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lion-like men/heroes of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*yāraḏ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he went down", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he smote", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hā-*": "definite article - the", "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*bəṯôḵ*": "preposition + construct - in the midst of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*bōʾr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit", "*bə-*": "preposition - on", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šāleg*": "noun, masculine singular - snow" }, "variants": { "*ḥayil*": "valor/strength/might/power", "*raḇ-pəʿālîm*": "great in deeds/mighty in exploits", "*hikkāh*": "smote/struck/killed", "*ʾărîʾēl*": "lion-like men/champions/heroes", "*yāraḏ*": "went down/descended", "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*bōʾr*": "pit/well/cistern" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.21", "source": "וְהוּא־הִכָּה֩ אֶת־אִ֨ישׁ מִצְרִ֜י *אשר **אִ֣ישׁ מַרְאֶ֗ה וּבְיַ֤ד הַמִּצְרִי֙ חֲנִ֔ית וַיֵּ֥רֶד אֵלָ֖יו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִית֙ מִיַּ֣ד הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַיַּהַרְגֵ֖הוּ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ", "text": "And he *hikkāh* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾîš* *Miṣrî*, *ʾîš* *marʾeh*; and in *yaḏ* the *Miṣrî* was a *ḥănîṯ*; and *yēreḏ* to him *baššāḇeṭ* and *yigzōl* *ʾeṯ*-the *ḥănîṯ* from *yaḏ* the *Miṣrî* and *yaharəgēhû* with his *ḥănîṯô*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*hikkāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he smote", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*Miṣrî*": "proper adjective, masculine singular - Egyptian", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*yaḏ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*Miṣrî*": "proper adjective, masculine singular - Egyptian", "*ḥănîṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he went down", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - with the", "*šāḇeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - staff/rod", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yigzōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he snatched", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*ḥănîṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*yaḏ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*Miṣrî*": "proper adjective, masculine singular - Egyptian", "*wa-*": "consecutive - and", "*yaharəgēhû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he killed him", "*ba-*": "preposition + definite article - with the", "*ḥănîṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spear" }, "variants": { "*hikkāh*": "smote/struck/attacked", "*ʾîš marʾeh*": "man of appearance/impressive man/handsome man", "*yēreḏ*": "went down/descended/approached", "*šāḇeṭ*": "staff/rod/club", "*yigzōl*": "snatched/plundered/seized", "*yaharəgēhû*": "killed him/slew him" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.23.22", "source": "אֵ֣לֶּה עָשָׂ֔ה בְּנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה הַגִּבֹּרִֽים", "text": "These things *ʿāśāh* *Bənāyāhû* *ben*-*Yəhôyāḏāʿ*; and to him a *šēm* among three *haggibbōrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did", "*Bənāyāhû*": "proper noun - Benaiah", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yəhôyāḏāʿ*": "proper noun - Jehoiada", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name", "*bi-*": "preposition - among", "*šəlōšāh*": "number - three", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*gibbōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mighty men" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśāh*": "did/performed/accomplished", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame" } }
• 2 Kgs 2:24 : 24 { "verseID": "2 Kings.2.24", "source": "וַיִּ֤פֶן אַֽחֲרָיו֙ וַיִּרְאֵ֔ם וַֽיְקַלְלֵ֖ם בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֑ה וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה שְׁתַּ֤יִם דֻּבִּים֙ מִן־הַיַּ֔עַר וַתְּבַקַּ֣עְנָה מֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וּשְׁנֵ֖י יְלָדִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyipen* *'aḥărāyw* and *wayyir'ēm*, and *wayqalləlēm* in-*šēm* *YHWH*; and *wattēṣe'nâ* *šəttayim* *dubbîm* from-the-*ya'ar*, and *wattəbaqqa'nâ* from-them forty and-two *yəlādîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyipen*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *pānâ* - and he turned", "*'aḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - behind him", "*wayyir'ēm*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix of *rā'â* - and he saw them", "*wayqalləlēm*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix of *qālal* - and he cursed them", "*šēm*": "masculine singular construct of *šēm* - name of", "*wattēṣe'nâ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural of *yāṣā'* - and they came out", "*šəttayim*": "feminine numeral - two", "*dubbîm*": "feminine plural noun - bears", "*ya'ar*": "masculine singular noun - forest", "*wattəbaqqa'nâ*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd feminine plural of *bāqa'* - and they tore/mauled", "*yəlādîm*": "masculine plural noun - children/boys" }, "variants": { "*wayyipen* *'aḥărāyw*": "he turned around/he looked behind him", "*wayqalləlēm* in-*šēm* *YHWH*": "he cursed them in the name of YHWH", "*dubbîm*": "bears/she-bears", "*wattəbaqqa'nâ*": "they tore apart/mauled/ripped open", "*yəlādîm*": "children/boys/youths" } }
• 1 Chr 11:25-47 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.25", "source": "מִן־הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֗ים הִנּ֤וֹ נִכְבָּד֙ ה֔וּא וְאֶל־הַשְּׁלוֹשָׁ֖ה לֹא־בָ֑א וַיְשִׂימֵ֥הוּ דָוִ֖יד עַל־מִשְׁמַעְתּֽוֹ", "text": "From-the *haššəlôšîm* *hinnô* *niḵbād* *hûʾ* and to-the *haššəlôšāh* *lōʾ*-*ḇāʾ* and *wayəśîmēhû* *Dāwîd* over-*mišmaʿtô*", "grammar": { "*haššəlôšîm*": "definite article + cardinal number - the thirty", "*hinnô*": "demonstrative particle + 3rd masculine singular suffix - behold he", "*niḵbād*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - honored/distinguished", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*haššəlôšāh*": "definite article + cardinal number - the three", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḇāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he came/reached", "*wayəśîmēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he appointed him", "*Dāwîd*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*mišmaʿtô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his guard/council" }, "variants": { "*niḵbād*": "honored/distinguished/glorified/esteemed", "*mišmaʿtô*": "his guard/his council/his bodyguard/his command" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.26", "source": "וְגִבּוֹרֵ֖י הַחֲיָלִ֑ים עֲשָׂה־אֵל֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב אֶלְחָנָ֥ן בֶּן־דּוֹד֖וֹ מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם", "text": "And *wəgibbôrê* the *haḥăyālîm*: *ʿĂśāh-ʾēl* *ʾăḥî* *Yôʾāḇ*, *ʾElḥānān* *ben*-*Dôdô* from *miBêt* *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wəgibbôrê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and mighty men of", "*haḥăyālîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the armies", "*ʿĂśāh-ʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*ʾăḥî*": "noun masculine singular construct - brother of", "*Yôʾāḇ*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*ʾElḥānān*": "proper noun, masculine - Elhanan", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Dôdô*": "proper noun, masculine - Dodo", "*miBêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from house of", "*lāḥem*": "proper noun - Lehem (Bethlehem)" }, "variants": { "*wəgibbôrê* *haḥăyālîm*": "mighty men of the armies/valiant warriors/the champions of the forces", "*ʾăḥî*": "brother of/kinsman of" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.27", "source": "שַׁמּוֹת֙ הַהֲרוֹרִ֔י חֶ֖לֶץ הַפְּלוֹנִֽי", "text": "*Šammôt* the *hahărôrî*, *Ḥeleṣ* the *happəlônî*", "grammar": { "*Šammôt*": "proper noun, masculine - Shammoth", "*hahărôrî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Harorite", "*Ḥeleṣ*": "proper noun, masculine - Helez", "*happəlônî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Pelonite" }, "variants": {} } 28 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.28", "source": "עִירָ֤א בֶן־עִקֵּשׁ֙ הַתְּקוֹעִ֔י אֲבִיעֶ֖זֶר הָעֲנְּתוֹתִֽי", "text": "*ʿÎrāʾ* *ben*-*ʿIqqēš* the *hattəqôʿî*, *ʾĂḇîʿezer* the *hāʿannətôtî*", "grammar": { "*ʿÎrāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Ira", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʿIqqēš*": "proper noun, masculine - Ikkesh", "*hattəqôʿî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Tekoite", "*ʾĂḇîʿezer*": "proper noun, masculine - Abiezer", "*hāʿannətôtî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Anathothite" }, "variants": {} } 29 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.29", "source": "סִבְּכַי֙ הַחֻ֣שָׁתִ֔י עִילַ֖י הָאֲחוֹחִֽי", "text": "*Sibbəḵay* the *haḥušātî*, *ʿÎlay* the *hāʾăḥôḥî*", "grammar": { "*Sibbəḵay*": "proper noun, masculine - Sibbecai", "*haḥušātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Hushathite", "*ʿÎlay*": "proper noun, masculine - Ilai", "*hāʾăḥôḥî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Ahohite" }, "variants": {} } 30 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.30", "source": "מַהְרַי֙ הַנְּטֹ֣פָתִ֔י חֵ֥לֶד בֶּֽן־בַּֽעֲנָ֖ה הַנְּטוֹפָתִֽי", "text": "*Mahəray* the *hannəṭōp̄ātî*, *Ḥēled* *ben*-*Baʿănāh* the *hannəṭôp̄ātî*", "grammar": { "*Mahəray*": "proper noun, masculine - Maharai", "*hannəṭōp̄ātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Netophathite", "*Ḥēled*": "proper noun, masculine - Heled", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Baʿănāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Baanah", "*hannəṭôp̄ātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Netophathite" }, "variants": {} } 31 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.31", "source": "אִיתַ֣י בֶּן־רִיבַ֗י מִגִּבְעַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן ס בְּנָיָ֖ה הַפִּרְעָתֹנִֽי", "text": "*ʾÎtay* *ben*-*Rîḇay* from *miGiḇʿat* *bənê* *Ḇinyāmin*, *Bənāyāh* the *happirgʿātōnî*", "grammar": { "*ʾÎtay*": "proper noun, masculine - Ithai", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Rîḇay*": "proper noun, masculine - Ribai", "*miGiḇʿat*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gibeah of", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Ḇinyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin", "*Bənāyāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Benaiah", "*happirgʿātōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Pirathonite" }, "variants": {} } 32 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.32", "source": "חוּרַי֙ מִנַּ֣חֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ ס אֲבִיאֵ֖ל הָעַרְבָתִֽי", "text": "*Ḥûray* from *minnaḥălê* *Gāʿaš*, *ʾĂḇîʾēl* the *hāʿarḇātî*", "grammar": { "*Ḥûray*": "proper noun, masculine - Hurai", "*minnaḥălê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - from brooks/valleys of", "*Gāʿaš*": "proper noun - Gaash", "*ʾĂḇîʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Abiel", "*hāʿarḇātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Arbathite" }, "variants": { "*minnaḥălê*": "from brooks/from valleys/from torrents" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.33", "source": "עַזְמָ֙וֶת֙ הַבַּ֣חֲרוּמִ֔י אֶלְיַחְבָּ֖א הַשַּׁעַלְבֹנִֽי", "text": "*ʿAzmāwet* the *habbaḥărûmî*, *ʾElyaḥbāʾ* the *haššaʿalḇōnî*", "grammar": { "*ʿAzmāwet*": "proper noun, masculine - Azmaveth", "*habbaḥărûmî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Baharumite", "*ʾElyaḥbāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Eliahba", "*haššaʿalḇōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Shaalbonite" }, "variants": {} } 34 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.34", "source": "בְּנֵ֗י הָשֵׁם֙ הַגִּ֣זוֹנִ֔י יוֹנָתָ֥ן בֶּן־שָׁגֵ֖ה הַהֲרָרִֽי", "text": "*Bənê* *hāŠēm* the *haGizônî*, *Yônātān* *ben*-*Šāgēh* the *hahărārî*", "grammar": { "*Bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāŠēm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine - Hashem", "*haGizônî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Gizonite", "*Yônātān*": "proper noun, masculine - Jonathan", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Šāgēh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shageh", "*hahărārî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Hararite" }, "variants": {} } 35 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.35", "source": "אֲחִיאָ֧ם בֶּן־שָׂכָ֛ר הַהֲרָרִ֖י אֱלִיפַ֥ל בֶּן־אֽוּר", "text": "*ʾĂḥîʾām* *ben*-*Śāḵār* the *hahărārî*, *ʾĔlîp̄al* *ben*-*ʾÛr*", "grammar": { "*ʾĂḥîʾām*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahiam", "*ben*": "noun masculine singular construct - son of", "*Śāḵār*": "proper noun, masculine - Sacar", "*hahărārî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Hararite", "*ʾĔlîp̄al*": "proper noun, masculine - Eliphal", "*ʾÛr*": "proper noun, masculine - Ur" }, "variants": {} } 36 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.36", "source": "חֵ֚פֶר הַמְּכֵ֣רָתִ֔י אֲחִיָּ֖ה הַפְּלֹנִֽי", "text": "*Ḥēp̄er* the *hamməḵērātî*, *ʾĂḥiyyāh* the *happəlōnî*", "grammar": { "*Ḥēp̄er*": "proper noun, masculine - Hepher", "*hamməḵērātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Mecherathite", "*ʾĂḥiyyāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahijah", "*happəlōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective masculine singular - the Pelonite" }, "variants": {} } 37 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.37", "source": "חֶצְרוֹ֙ הַֽכַּרְמְלִ֔י נַעֲרַ֖י בֶּן־אֶזְבָּֽי׃ ס", "text": "*Ḥeṣrô* the *Karmelî*, *Naʿarai* *ben*-*ʾEzbāy*.", "grammar": { "*Ḥeṣrô*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Karmelî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Carmelite (from Carmel)", "*Naʿarai*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾEzbāy*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name" }, "variants": { "*Ḥeṣrô*": "Hezro/Hezrai", "*Karmelî*": "Carmelite/from Carmel", "*Naʿarai*": "Naarai" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.38", "source": "יוֹאֵל֙ אֲחִ֣י נָתָ֔ן מִבְחָ֖ר בֶּן־הַגְרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "*Yôʾēl* *ʾaḥî* *Nātān*, *Mibḥār* *ben*-*haGrî*.", "grammar": { "*Yôʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ʾaḥî*": "construct state, masculine singular - brother of", "*Nātān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Mibḥār*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*haGrî*": "proper noun with definite article, masculine singular - the Hagrite" }, "variants": { "*Yôʾēl*": "Joel", "*ʾaḥî*": "brother of/kinsman of", "*Mibḥār*": "Mibhar", "*haGrî*": "the Hagrite/Hagri (tribal name)" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.39", "source": "צֶ֖לֶק הָעַמּוֹנִ֑י נַחְרַי֙ הַבֵּ֣רֹתִ֔י נֹשֵׂ֕א כְּלֵ֖י יוֹאָ֥ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*Ṣeleq* the *ʿAmmônî*, *Naḥrai* the *Bērōtî*, *nōśēʾ* *kelê* *Yôʾāb* *ben*-*Ṣərûyāh*.", "grammar": { "*Ṣeleq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ʿAmmônî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Ammonite", "*Naḥrai*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Bērōtî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Beerothite", "*nōśēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular construct - bearer of/one who carries", "*kelê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - weapons/armor of", "*Yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Ṣərûyāh*": "proper noun, feminine singular - personal name" }, "variants": { "*Ṣeleq*": "Zelek", "*ʿAmmônî*": "Ammonite/from Ammon", "*Naḥrai*": "Naharai/Nahrai", "*Bērōtî*": "Beerothite/from Beeroth", "*nōśēʾ* *kelê*": "armor-bearer/weapons-carrier" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.40", "source": "עִירָא֙ הַיִּתְרִ֔י גָּרֵ֖ב הַיִּתְרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "*ʿÎrāʾ* the *Yitrî*, *Gārēb* the *Yitrî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿÎrāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Yitrî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Ithrite", "*Gārēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name" }, "variants": { "*ʿÎrāʾ*": "Ira", "*Yitrî*": "Ithrite/from Jattir/Jethrite", "*Gārēb*": "Gareb" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.41", "source": "אֽוּרִיָּה֙ הַחִתִּ֔י זָבָ֖ד בֶּן־אַחְלָֽי׃ ס", "text": "*ʾÛriyyāh* the *Ḥittî*, *Zābād* *ben*-*ʾAḥlāy*.", "grammar": { "*ʾÛriyyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Ḥittî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Hittite", "*Zābād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*ʾAḥlāy*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name" }, "variants": { "*ʾÛriyyāh*": "Uriah", "*Ḥittî*": "Hittite/from Heth", "*Zābād*": "Zabad" } } 42 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.42", "source": "עֲדִינָ֨א בֶן־שִׁיזָ֜א הָרֽאוּבֵנִ֗י רֹ֛אשׁ לָרֽאוּבֵנִ֖י וְעָלָ֥יו שְׁלוֹשִֽׁים׃ ס", "text": "*ʿĂdînāʾ* *ben*-*Šîzāʾ* the *Rəʾûbēnî*, *rōʾš* for the *Rəʾûbēnî* *wə*-*ʿālāyw* *šəlôšîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿĂdînāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Šîzāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Rəʾûbēnî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Reubenite", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him/with him", "*šəlôšîm*": "cardinal number, masculine plural - thirty" }, "variants": { "*ʿĂdînāʾ*": "Adina", "*Rəʾûbēnî*": "Reubenite/from Reuben tribe", "*rōʾš*": "chief/leader/head", "*ʿālāyw*": "with him/under him/in his command" } } 43 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.43", "source": "חָנָן֙ בֶּֽן־מַעֲכָ֔ה וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס", "text": "*Ḥānān* *ben*-*Maʿăkāh* *wə*-*Yôšāpāṭ* the *Mitnî*.", "grammar": { "*Ḥānān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Maʿăkāh*": "proper noun, feminine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yôšāpāṭ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Mitnî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Mithnite" }, "variants": { "*Ḥānān*": "Hanan", "*Maʿăkāh*": "Maacah/Maakah", "*Yôšāpāṭ*": "Joshaphat", "*Mitnî*": "Mithnite/from Methen" } } 44 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.44", "source": "עֻזִיָּ֖א הָעֲשְׁתְּרָתִ֑י שָׁמָע֙ *ויעואל **וִֽיעִיאֵ֔ל ס בְּנֵ֖י חוֹתָ֥ם הָעֲרֹעֵרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "*ʿUziyyāʾ* the *ʿAštərātî*, *Šāmāʿ* *wî*-*ʿîʾēl* *bənê* *Ḥôtām* the *ʿĂrōʿērî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿUziyyāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ʿAštərātî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Ashterathite", "*Šāmāʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿîʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name (Ketiv/Qere variation)", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Ḥôtām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ʿĂrōʿērî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Aroerite" }, "variants": { "*ʿUziyyāʾ*": "Uzzia", "*ʿAštərātî*": "Ashterathite/from Ashtaroth", "*Šāmāʿ*": "Shama", "*ʿîʾēl*": "Jeiel/Ieiel (Qere form)", "*Ḥôtām*": "Hotham/Chotham", "*ʿĂrōʿērî*": "Aroerite/from Aroer" } } 45 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.45", "source": "יְדִֽיעֲאֵל֙ בֶּן־שִׁמְרִ֔י וְיֹחָ֥א אָחִ֖יו הַתִּיצִֽי׃ ס", "text": "*Yədîʿăʾēl* *ben*-*Šimrî* *wə*-*Yōḥāʾ* *ʾāḥîw* the *Tîṣî*.", "grammar": { "*Yədîʿăʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ben*": "construct state, masculine singular - son of", "*Šimrî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yōḥāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*Tîṣî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Tizite" }, "variants": { "*Yədîʿăʾēl*": "Jediael", "*Šimrî*": "Shimri", "*Yōḥāʾ*": "Joha", "*Tîṣî*": "Tizite/from Tiz" } } 46 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.46", "source": "אֱלִיאֵל֙ הַֽמַּחֲוִ֔ים וִירִיבַ֥י וְיוֹשַׁוְיָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י אֶלְנָ֑עַם וְיִתְמָ֖ה הַמּוֹאָבִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾĔlîʾēl* the *Maḥăwîm* *wî*-*Yərîbay* *wə*-*Yôšawyāh* *bənê* *ʾElnāʿam* *wə*-*Yitmāh* the *Môʾābî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlîʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Maḥăwîm*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Mahavite", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*Yərîbay*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yôšawyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾElnāʿam*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yitmāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Môʾābî*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Moabite" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlîʾēl*": "Eliel", "*Maḥăwîm*": "Mahavite/Mahaviite", "*Yərîbay*": "Jeribai", "*Yôšawyāh*": "Joshaviah", "*ʾElnāʿam*": "Elnaam", "*Yitmāh*": "Ithmah", "*Môʾābî*": "Moabite/from Moab" } } 47 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.11.47", "source": "אֱלִיאֵ֣ל וְעוֹבֵ֔ד וְיַעֲשִׂיאֵ֖ל הַמְּצֹבָיָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*ʾĔlîʾēl* *wə*-*ʿÔbēd* *wə*-*Yaʿăśîʾēl* the *Məṣōbāyāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĔlîʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿÔbēd*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yaʿăśîʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - personal name", "*Məṣōbāyāh*": "gentilic adjective with definite article, masculine singular - the Mezobaite" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔlîʾēl*": "Eliel", "*ʿÔbēd*": "Obed", "*Yaʿăśîʾēl*": "Jaasiel", "*Məṣōbāyāh*": "Mezobaite/from Mezobaiah" } }