Daniel 3:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Daniel.3.12", "source": "אִיתַ֞י גֻּבְרִ֣ין יְהוּדָאיִ֗ן דִּֽי־מַנִּ֤יתָ יָתְהוֹן֙ עַל־עֲבִידַת֙ מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֔ל שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ לָא־שָׂ֨מֽוּ עֲלָ֤ךְ מַלְכָּא֙ טְעֵ֔ם לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙ לָ֣א פָלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א סָגְדִֽין׃ ס", "text": "There *ʾîthay* *gubrîn* *yəhûdāyin* that *mannîthā* them over *ʿăbîdath* *mədînath* *bābel*, *shadrak* *mêshak* *waʿăbêd* *nəgô*; these *gubrayāʾ* have not *sāmû* concerning you, O *malkāʾ*, *ṭəʿêm*; to your *ʾělāhāk* they do not *pālḥîn*, and to the *tselem* of *dahăbāʾ* which you have *hăqêmtā* they do not *sāgdîn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîthay*": "existential particle - there are/is", "*gubrîn*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*yəhûdāyin*": "masculine plural adjective - Jewish", "*mannîthā*": "perfect 2nd masculine singular - you appointed", "*ʿăbîdath*": "construct state noun - work/service of", "*mədînath*": "construct state noun - province of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*shadrak*": "proper noun - Shadrach", "*mêshak*": "proper noun - Meshach", "*waʿăbêd*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Abed", "*nəgô*": "proper noun - Nego", "*gubrayāʾ*": "masculine plural noun + definite article - the men", "*sāmû*": "perfect 3rd plural - they placed/set/paid attention", "*malkāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the king, vocative", "*ṭəʿêm*": "noun - decree/order/attention", "*ʾělāhāk*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your god", "*pālḥîn*": "participle masculine plural - serving/worshiping", "*tselem*": "noun - image/statue", "*dahăbāʾ*": "noun + definite article - the gold", "*hăqêmtā*": "perfect 2nd masculine singular - you set up/erected", "*sāgdîn*": "participle masculine plural - bowing down/worshiping" }, "variants": { "*ʾîthay*": "there is/there are/exist", "*gubrîn*": "men/males", "*yəhûdāyin*": "Jewish/Judean", "*mannîthā*": "appointed/assigned/placed", "*ʿăbîdath*": "work/service/administration", "*mədînath*": "province/district", "*sāmû*": "set/placed/regarded/paid attention", "*ṭəʿêm*": "decree/command/attention/regard", "*pālḥîn*": "serve/worship/revere", "*tselem*": "image/statue/likeness", "*hăqêmtā*": "set up/erected/established", "*sāgdîn*": "bow down/prostrate/worship" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אִיתַ֞י גֻּבְרִ֣ין יְהוּדָאיִ֗ן דִּֽי־מַנִּ֤יתָ יָתְהוֹן֙ עַל־עֲבִידַת֙ מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֔ל שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֗ךְ לָא־שָׂ֨מֽוּ עֲלָ֤ךְ מַלְכָּא֙ טְעֵ֔ם לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙ לָ֣א פָלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א סָגְדִֽין׃ ס

Transliteration

There ʾîthay gubrîn yəhûdāyin that mannîthā them over ʿăbîdath mədînath bābel, shadrak mêshak waʿăbêd nəgô; these gubrayāʾ have not sāmû concerning you, O malkāʾ, ṭəʿêm; to your ʾělāhāk they do not pālḥîn, and to the tselem of dahăbāʾ which you have hăqêmtā they do not sāgdîn.

Grammar Details

• *ʾîthay*: existential particle - there are/is
• *gubrîn*: masculine plural noun - men
• *yəhûdāyin*: masculine plural adjective - Jewish
• *mannîthā*: perfect 2nd masculine singular - you appointed
• *ʿăbîdath*: construct state noun - work/service of
• *mədînath*: construct state noun - province of
• *bābel*: proper noun - Babylon
• *shadrak*: proper noun - Shadrach
• *mêshak*: proper noun - Meshach
• *waʿăbêd*: conjunction + proper noun - and Abed
• *nəgô*: proper noun - Nego
• *gubrayāʾ*: masculine plural noun + definite article - the men
• *sāmû*: perfect 3rd plural - they placed/set/paid attention
• *malkāʾ*: noun + definite article - the king, vocative
• *ṭəʿêm*: noun - decree/order/attention
• *ʾělāhāk*: noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your god
• *pālḥîn*: participle masculine plural - serving/worshiping
• *tselem*: noun - image/statue
• *dahăbāʾ*: noun + definite article - the gold
• *hăqêmtā*: perfect 2nd masculine singular - you set up/erected
• *sāgdîn*: participle masculine plural - bowing down/worshiping

Word Meanings

• *ʾîthay*: there is/there are/exist
• *gubrîn*: men/males
• *yəhûdāyin*: Jewish/Judean
• *mannîthā*: appointed/assigned/placed
• *ʿăbîdath*: work/service/administration
• *mədînath*: province/district
• *sāmû*: set/placed/regarded/paid attention
• *ṭəʿêm*: decree/command/attention/regard
• *pālḥîn*: serve/worship/revere
• *tselem*: image/statue/likeness
• *hăqêmtā*: set up/erected/established
• *sāgdîn*: bow down/prostrate/worship

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But there are some Jews—Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego—whom you have appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon. These men do not pay attention to you, O king; they do not serve your gods or worship the golden statue you have set up.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  There are certain Jews whom you have set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded you: they do not serve your gods or worship the golden image which you have set up.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Now are there certaine Iewes, whom thou hast set ouer the offices of the londe off Babilon: namely, Sydrac, Misac and Abdenago. These men (o kynge) regarde not thy comaundemet, yee they will not serue thy goddes, ner bowe them selues to the golden ymage, that thou hast set vp.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  There are certeine Iewes whome thou hast set ouer the charge of ye prouince of Babel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego: these men, O King, haue not regarded thy commandement, neither wil they serue thy gods, nor worship the golden image, that thou hast set vp.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Now are there certayne Iewes, whom thou hast set ouer the charge of the prouince of Babylon: namely Sidrach, Misach, and Abednego: these men, O king, regarded not thy commaundement: yea they will not serue thy gods, nor worship the golden image that thou hast set vp.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast set over the affairs of the province of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  There are certain Jews whom you have appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not regarded you: they don't serve your gods, nor worship the golden image which you have set up.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast appointed over the work of the province of Babylon -- Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, these men have not made of thee, O king, `any' regard; thy gods they are not serving, and to the golden image thou hast raised up -- are not making obeisance.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  There are certain Jews whom thou hast appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men, O king, have not regarded thee: they serve not thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  There are certain Jews whom you have put over the business of the land of Babylon, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; these men have not given attention to you, O King: they are not servants of your gods or worshippers of the gold image which you have put up.

• World English Bible (2000)

  There are certain Jews whom you have appointed over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; these men, O king, have not respected you. They don't serve your gods, nor worship the golden image which you have set up.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  But there are Jewish men whom you appointed over the administration of the province of Babylon– Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego– and these men have not shown proper respect to you, O king. They don’t serve your gods and they don’t pay homage to the golden statue that you have erected.”

Referenced Verses

• Dan 2:49 : 49 { "verseID": "Daniel.2.49", "source": "וְדָנִיֵּאל֙ בְּעָ֣א מִן־מַלְכָּ֔א וּמַנִּ֗י עַ֤ל עֲבִֽידְתָּא֙ דִּ֚י מְדִינַ֣ת בָּבֶ֔ל לְשַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ וְדָנִיֵּ֖אל בִּתְרַ֥ע מַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "And *dāniyyēʾl* *bəʿāʾ* from *malkāʾ*, and he *mannî* over *ʿăbîdtāʾ* *dî* *mədînat* *bābel* *ləšadrak* *mêšak* and *ʿăbēd nəgô*; and *dāniyyēʾl* at *təraʿ* *malkāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun - Daniel", "*bəʿāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - requested/sought", "*min-malkāʾ*": "preposition + definite, masculine singular - from the king", "*mannî*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - appointed/assigned", "*ʿal-ʿăbîdtāʾ*": "preposition + definite, feminine singular - over the administration/affairs", "*dî*": "relative particle - of", "*mədînat*": "construct state, feminine singular - province of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ləšadrak*": "preposition + proper noun - for Shadrach", "*mêšak*": "proper noun - Meshach", "*ʿăbēd nəgô*": "proper noun - Abed-nego", "*bi-təraʿ*": "preposition + construct state, masculine singular - at the gate of", "*malkāʾ*": "definite, masculine singular - the king" }, "variants": { "*bəʿāʾ*": "requested/asked/sought", "*mannî*": "appointed/assigned/set", "*ʿăbîdtāʾ*": "administration/service/affairs", "*mədînat*": "province/district/region", "*təraʿ*": "gate/court/entrance", "*malkāʾ*": "king/sovereign" } }
• Dan 6:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Daniel.6.13", "source": "בֵּ֠אדַיִן קְרִ֨יבוּ וְאָמְרִ֥ין קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא֮ עַל־אֱסָ֣ר מַלְכָּא֒ הֲלָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר יַצִּיבָ֧א מִלְּתָ֛א כְּדָת־מָדַ֥י וּפָרַ֖ס דִּי־לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא׃", "text": "Then *bēʾdayin* they *qərîbû* and *ʾāmərîn* before *qŏdām* the *malkāʾ* concerning the *ʾĕsār* of the *malkāʾ*, 'Did not you *ʾĕsār* *rəšamtā* *dî* any *ʾĕnāš* *dî* *yibəʿēh* from any *ʾĕlāh* and *ʾĕnāš* until *yômîn* *təlātîn* except from you, *malkāʾ*, *yitrəmēʾ* into *gôb* of *ʾaryāwātāʾ*?' *ʿānēh* the *malkāʾ* and *ʾāmar*, 'True is the *millətāʾ* according to *dāt* of *māday* and *pāras* *dî* not *teʿdēʾ*.'", "grammar": { "*bēʾdayin*": "Aramaic adverb - then, at that time", "*qərîbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they approached/came near", "*ʾāmərîn*": "participle, masculine plural - speaking/saying", "*qŏdām*": "preposition - before/in front of", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular emphatic - the king", "*ʾĕsār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - decree/ban/binding", "*rəšamtā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you wrote/inscribed", "*dî*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʾĕnāš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*yibəʿēh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will petition/request", "*ʾĕlāh*": "noun, masculine singular - god/deity", "*yômîn*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*təlātîn*": "numeral - thirty", "*yitrəmēʾ*": "imperfect passive, 3rd masculine singular - he will be thrown", "*gôb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - den/pit", "*ʾaryāwātāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural emphatic - the lions", "*ʿānēh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he answered", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*millətāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular emphatic - the word/matter", "*dāt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/decree", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*teʿdēʾ*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will pass away/change" }, "variants": { "*bēʾdayin*": "then/thereupon/at that time", "*ʾĕsār*": "decree/ban/binding/interdict", "*rəšamtā*": "wrote/inscribed/signed", "*yibəʿēh*": "make request/petition/pray to", "*gôb*": "den/pit/cistern", "*yitrəmēʾ*": "will be thrown/cast", "*teʿdēʾ*": "pass away/be altered/change" } }
• Acts 5:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Acts.5.28", "source": "Λέγων, Οὐ παραγγελίᾳ παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν μὴ διδάσκειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ; καὶ, ἰδοὺ, πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν, καὶ βούλεσθε ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου.", "text": "*Legōn*, Not with *parangelia* *parēngeilamen* to you not to *didaskein* *epi* the *onomati* this? and, *idou*, you have *peplērōkate* the *Ierousalēm* of the *didachēs* of you, and you *boulesthe* to *epagagein* upon us the *haima* of the *anthrōpou* this.", "grammar": { "*Legōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*parangelia*": "dative, feminine, singular - command/order", "*parēngeilamen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 1st plural - we commanded", "*didaskein*": "present, active, infinitive - to teach", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - on/upon/at", "*onomati*": "dative, neuter, singular - name", "*idou*": "aorist, middle, imperative - behold/look", "*peplērōkate*": "perfect, active, indicative, 2nd plural - you have filled", "*Ierousalēm*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Jerusalem", "*didachēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - teaching/doctrine", "*boulesthe*": "present, middle, indicative, 2nd plural - you wish/want", "*epagagein*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to bring upon", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*anthrōpou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - man/person" }, "variants": { "*parangelia*": "command/order/charge", "*parēngeilamen*": "we commanded/we ordered/we charged", "*didaskein*": "to teach/to instruct", "*onomati*": "name/reputation/authority", "*peplērōkate*": "you have filled/you have saturated/you have completed", "*didachēs*": "teaching/doctrine/instruction", "*boulesthe*": "you wish/you want/you desire", "*epagagein*": "to bring upon/to impose/to put on", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/guilt of bloodshed" } }
• Acts 17:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Acts.17.7", "source": "Οὓς ὑποδέδεκται Ἰάσων: καὶ οὗτοι πάντες ἀπέναντι τῶν δογμάτων Καίσαρος πράττουσι, βασιλέα λέγοντες ἕτερον εἶναι, Ἰησοῦν.", "text": "Whom *hypodedektai* *Iasōn*: and these all *apenanti* of the *dogmatōn* of *Kaisaros* *prattousi*, *basilea* *legontes* another *einai*, *Iēsoun*.", "grammar": { "*hypodedektai*": "perfect middle indicative, 3rd person singular - has received/welcomed", "*Iasōn*": "nominative singular masculine - Jason", "*apenanti*": "preposition with genitive - against/contrary to", "*dogmatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - decrees/ordinances", "*Kaisaros*": "genitive singular masculine - of Caesar", "*prattousi*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they do/act", "*basilea*": "accusative singular masculine - king", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - saying", "*einai*": "present active infinitive - to be", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative singular masculine - Jesus" }, "variants": { "*hypodedektai*": "has received/welcomed/harbored", "*apenanti*": "against/contrary to/in opposition to", "*dogmatōn*": "decrees/ordinances/official edicts", "*prattousi*": "do/act/practice/conduct themselves", "*basilea*": "king/sovereign/ruler" } }
• 1 Sam 18:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.7", "source": "וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹת וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָ הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wa-ttaʿănênâ* the *nāšîm* the *məśaḥăqôt* and *wa-ttōʾmarnâ*, *hikkâ* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾălāpāyw*, and *Dāwid* in *rībəbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-ttaʿănênâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they answered/sang", "*ha-nāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women", "*ha-məśaḥăqôt*": "definite article + piel participle, feminine plural - the playing/celebrating", "*wa-ttōʾmarnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they said", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he smote/struck", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ba-ʾălāpāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his thousands", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bə-rībəbōtāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his ten thousands" }, "variants": { "*ʿānâ*": "answer/respond/sing", "*śāḥaq*": "play/celebrate/laugh/dance", "*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill/defeat", "*ʾelep*": "thousand/thousand (unit)", "*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.8", "source": "וַיִּ֨חַר לְשָׁא֜וּל מְאֹ֗ד וַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָתְנ֤וּ לְדָוִד֙ רְבָב֔וֹת וְלִ֥י נָתְנ֖וּ הָאֲלָפִ֑ים וְע֥וֹד ל֖וֹ אַ֥ךְ הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃", "text": "And *wa-yiḥar* to *Šāʾûl* *məʾōd*, and *wa-yēraʿ* in *ʿênāyw* the *dābār* the *zeh*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, they have *nātnû* to *Dāwid* *rəbābôt*, and to me they have *nātnû* the *ʾălāpîm*, and *ʿôd* to him only the *məlûkâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiḥar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it burned/became angry", "*lə-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wa-yēraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was evil/displease", "*bə-ʿênāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3ms suffix - in his eyes", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the word/matter", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*nātnû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they gave", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*rəbābôt*": "feminine plural noun - ten thousands", "*lî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - to me", "*ha-ʾălāpîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the thousands", "*wə-ʿôd*": "conjunction + adverb - and still/yet/more", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely", "*ha-məlûkâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the kingdom/kingship" }, "variants": { "*ḥārâ*": "burn/become angry/be kindled", "*rāʿaʿ*": "be evil/displeasing/bad", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*nātan*": "give/assign/attribute", "*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾelep*": "thousand", "*məlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.9", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֖וּל *עון **עוֹיֵ֣ן אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד מֵהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʿôyēn* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* from the *yôm* the *hû* and *hālʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was/became", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʿôyēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - eying suspiciously/regarding with hostility", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*mē-ha-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the day", "*ha-hû*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wā-hālʾâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and onward/beyond" }, "variants": { "*ʿāyan*": "eye suspiciously/regard with jealousy/envy", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*hālʾâ*": "beyond/forward/onward" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַתִּצְלַ֣ח רוּחַ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ רָעָ֤ה ׀ אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣א בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֔יִת וְדָוִ֛ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ כְּי֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֑וֹם וְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־שָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* from *moḥŏrāt*, and *wa-tiṣlaḥ* *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *rāʿâ* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wa-yitnabbēʾ* in within-the *bayit*, and *Dāwid* *mənagēn* with *yādô* as *yôm* by *yôm*. And the *ḥănît* in *yad*-*Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*mi-moḥŏrāt*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from the next day", "*wa-tiṣlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fs - and it rushed/came upon", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular adjective - evil/harmful", "*ʾel-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*wa-yitnabbēʾ*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3ms - and he prophesied/raved", "*bə-tôk-ha-bayit*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the midst of the house", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mənagēn*": "piel participle, masculine singular - playing music", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - with his hand", "*kə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as day", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - by day", "*wə-ha-ḥănît*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the spear", "*bə-yad-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - in the hand of Saul" }, "variants": { "*moḥŏrāt*": "next day/tomorrow", "*ṣālaḥ*": "rush/come mightily upon", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harmful/distressing", "*nābāʾ*": "prophesy/speak under divine influence/rave", "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*nāgan*": "play music/play an instrument", "*yād*": "hand/power", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.11", "source": "וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wa-yāṭel* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-the *ḥănît*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, I will *ʾakkeh* in *Dāwid* and in the *qîr*. And *wa-yissōb* *Dāwid* from *pānāyw* *paʿămāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yāṭel*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he hurled/cast", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet-ha-ḥănît*": "direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - the spear", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*ʾakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1cs - I will strike/kill", "*bə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - through David", "*û-ba-qîr*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - and into the wall", "*wa-yissōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he turned/avoided", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mi-pānāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - from his presence/face", "*paʿămāyim*": "feminine dual noun - twice/two times" }, "variants": { "*ṭûl*": "hurl/cast/throw", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin", "*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill", "*qîr*": "wall/side", "*sābab*": "turn/turn away/avoid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*paʿămāyim*": "twice/two times" } }
• Esth 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Esther.3.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyōmer* *hāmān* to-the-*melek* *ʾaḥašwērôš* *yešnô* *ʿam*-*ʾeḥād* *məfuzzār* and-*məfōrād* between the-*ʿammîm* in-all *mədînôt* *malkûtekā* and-*dātêhem* *šōnôt* from-all-*ʿām* and-ʾet-*dātê* the-*melek* not-they *ʿōśîm* and-to-the-*melek* no-*šōweh* to-*hannîḥām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾaḥašwērôš*": "proper name - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*yešnô*": "particle of existence with 3rd masculine singular suffix - there is", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*məfuzzār*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - scattered", "*məfōrād*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - separated", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples", "*mədînôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*malkûtekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your kingdom", "*dātêhem*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their laws", "*šōnôt*": "Qal participle, feminine plural - different", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*dātê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - laws of", "*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - doing", "*šōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - profitable/beneficial", "*hannîḥām*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to leave them alone" }, "variants": { "*yešnô*": "there exists/there is", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/ethnic group", "*məfuzzār*": "scattered/dispersed/spread", "*məfōrād*": "separated/divided/isolated", "*mədînôt*": "provinces/districts/regions", "*dātêhem*": "their laws/customs/practices", "*šōnôt*": "different/diverse/varying", "*ʿōśîm*": "doing/performing/keeping", "*šōweh*": "worthwhile/profitable/beneficial", "*hannîḥām*": "to leave them alone/to let them be" } }
• Prov 27:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.4", "source": "אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾakzĕrîyût ḥēmāh wĕšeṭep ʾāp ûmî yaʿămōd lipnê qinʾāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "feminine singular construct - cruelty of", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular - wrath", "*wĕšeṭep*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and flood/overflowing of", "*ʾāp*": "masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ûmî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - but who", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will stand", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*qinʾāh*": "feminine singular - jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "cruelty/fierceness/savagery", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*šeṭep*": "flood/overflow/outburst", "*ʾāp*": "anger/nose/face", "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/endure/withstand", "*qinʾāh*": "jealousy/envy/zeal" } }
• Eccl 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.4", "source": "וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*wə-rāʾîtî* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-all-*ʿāmāl* and-*ʾēt* all-*kišrôn* the-*maʿăśeh* that it *qinʾat*-*ʾîš* from-*rēʿēhû* also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-rāʾîtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I saw", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - labor/toil", "*kišrôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - success/skill", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed", "*qinʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - envy/jealousy of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*rəʿût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/effort", "*kišrôn*": "success/skill/achievement/advantage", "*qinʾat*": "envy/jealousy/rivalry", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his fellow", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit/herding wind" } }