3 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.3",
"source": "וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*ʾeśśāʾ* *ʿênay* and-*ʾerʾeh*, and-*hinnēh* *ʾayil* *ʾeḥāḏ* *ʿōmēḏ* before the-*ʾuḇāl* and-to-him *qᵊrānāyim*. And-the-*qᵊrānayim* *gᵊḇōhôṯ* and-the-*ʾaḥaṯ* *gᵊḇōhâ* from-the-*šēnîṯ*, and-the-*gᵊḇōhâ* *ʿōlâ* in-the-*ʾaḥărōnâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I lifted up",
"*ʿênay*": "noun, feminine, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes",
"*ʾerʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I saw",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*ʾayil*": "noun, masculine, singular - ram",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one",
"*ʿōmēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - standing",
"*ʾuḇāl*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the stream",
"*qᵊrānāyim*": "noun, feminine, dual - two horns",
"*gᵊḇōhôṯ*": "adjective, feminine, plural - high/tall",
"*ʾaḥaṯ*": "numeral, feminine, singular with definite article - the one",
"*gᵊḇōhâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - high/tall",
"*šēnîṯ*": "adjective, feminine, singular with definite article - the second",
"*ʿōlâ*": "qal participle, feminine, singular - rising/coming up",
"*ʾaḥărōnâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular with definite article - the last/latter"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lifted up/raised",
"*ʿênay*": "my eyes",
"*ʾerʾeh*": "I saw/beheld/perceived",
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*ʾayil*": "ram/male sheep",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "one/single/a certain",
"*ʿōmēḏ*": "standing/positioned",
"*ʾuḇāl*": "stream/river/canal",
"*qᵊrānāyim*": "two horns/pair of horns",
"*gᵊḇōhôṯ*": "high/tall/lofty",
"*ʾaḥaṯ*": "one/first",
"*gᵊḇōhâ*": "high/tall/lofty",
"*šēnîṯ*": "second/other",
"*ʿōlâ*": "rising/coming up/growing",
"*ʾaḥărōnâ*": "last/latter/later"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.4",
"source": "רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפ֜וֹנָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיּוֹת֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃",
"text": "*rāʾîṯî* ʾeṯ-the-*ʾayil* *mᵊnaggēaḥ* *yāmmâ* and-*ṣāpônâ* and-*neḡbâ*, and-all-*ḥayyôṯ* not-*yaʿamḏû* before-him, and-*ʾên* *maṣṣîl* from-*yāḏô*. And-*ʿāśâ* like-*rᵊṣōnô* and-*hiḡdîl*.",
"grammar": {
"*rāʾîṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw",
"*ʾayil*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the ram",
"*mᵊnaggēaḥ*": "piel participle, masculine, singular - butting/goring",
"*yāmmâ*": "noun, masculine, singular with directional he - westward",
"*ṣāpônâ*": "noun, masculine, singular with directional he - northward",
"*neḡbâ*": "noun, masculine, singular with directional he - southward",
"*ḥayyôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - beasts/animals",
"*yaʿamḏû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they would stand",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*maṣṣîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - deliverer/rescuer",
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made",
"*rᵊṣōnô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pleasure/will",
"*hiḡdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he magnified himself"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾîṯî*": "I saw/observed/witnessed",
"*ʾayil*": "ram/male sheep",
"*mᵊnaggēaḥ*": "butting/goring/pushing",
"*yāmmâ*": "westward/toward the sea",
"*ṣāpônâ*": "northward/toward the north",
"*neḡbâ*": "southward/toward the south",
"*ḥayyôṯ*": "beasts/animals/living creatures",
"*yaʿamḏû*": "would stand/could stand/withstand",
"*ʾên*": "there is not/was not/none",
"*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who saves",
"*yāḏô*": "his hand/power/control",
"*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/acted",
"*rᵊṣōnô*": "his pleasure/will/desire",
"*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/became great/exalted himself"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.5",
"source": "וַאֲנִ֣י ׀ הָיִ֣יתִי מֵבִ֗ין וְהִנֵּ֤ה צְפִיר־הָֽעִזִּים֙ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּעֲרָב֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין נוֹגֵ֖עַ בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהַ֨צָּפִ֔יר קֶ֥רֶן חָז֖וּת בֵּ֥ין עֵינָֽיו׃",
"text": "And-I *hāyîṯî* *mēḇîn* and-*hinnēh* *ṣᵊpîr*-the-*ʿizzîm* *bāʾ* from-the-*maʿărāḇ* upon-*pᵊnê* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*, and-*ʾên* *nôḡēaʿ* in-the-*ʾāreṣ*. And-the-*ṣāpîr* *qeren* *ḥāzûṯ* between *ʿênāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyîṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I was",
"*mēḇîn*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - understanding/considering",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*ṣᵊpîr*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - male goat of",
"*ʿizzîm*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the goats",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - coming",
"*maʿărāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the west",
"*pᵊnê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - face of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*nôḡēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - touching",
"*ṣāpîr*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the goat",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - horn of",
"*ḥāzûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular - conspicuousness/notable",
"*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyîṯî*": "I was/became/existed",
"*mēḇîn*": "understanding/considering/reflecting",
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*ṣᵊpîr*": "he-goat/male goat/buck",
"*ʿizzîm*": "goats",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/arriving",
"*maʿărāḇ*": "west/western direction",
"*pᵊnê*": "face of/surface of/before",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground",
"*ʾên*": "there is not/was not/without",
"*nôḡēaʿ*": "touching/making contact with",
"*qeren*": "horn/power",
"*ḥāzûṯ*": "conspicuous/notable/prominent",
"*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes/sight"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.6",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֗א עַד־הָאַ֙יִל֙ בַּ֣עַל הַקְּרָנַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתִי עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָאֻבָ֑ל וַיָּ֥רָץ אֵלָ֖יו בַּחֲמַ֥ת כֹּחֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*yāḇōʾ* unto-the-*ʾayil* *baʿal* the-*qᵊrānayim* which *rāʾîṯî* *ʿōmēḏ* before the-*ʾuḇāl*, and-*yāroṣ* toward-him in-*ḥămaṯ* *kōḥô*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came",
"*ʾayil*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the ram",
"*baʿal*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - possessor of",
"*qᵊrānayim*": "noun, feminine, dual with definite article - the two horns",
"*rāʾîṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I saw",
"*ʿōmēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - standing",
"*ʾuḇāl*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the stream",
"*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he ran",
"*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - fury of",
"*kōḥô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strength"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḇōʾ*": "he came/arrived/approached",
"*ʾayil*": "ram/male sheep",
"*baʿal*": "possessor of/owner of/having",
"*qᵊrānayim*": "two horns/pair of horns",
"*rāʾîṯî*": "I saw/observed",
"*ʿōmēḏ*": "standing/positioned",
"*ʾuḇāl*": "stream/river/canal",
"*yāroṣ*": "he ran/rushed",
"*ḥămaṯ*": "fury/rage/wrath",
"*kōḥô*": "his strength/power/might"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.7",
"source": "וּרְאִיתִ֞יו מַגִּ֣יעַ ׀ אֵ֣צֶל הָאַ֗יְל וַיִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הָאַ֗יִל וַיְשַׁבֵּר֙ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י קְרָנָ֔יו וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה כֹ֛חַ בָּאַ֖יִל לַעֲמֹ֣ד לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֤הוּ אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַֽיִּרְמְסֵ֔הוּ וְלֹא־הָיָ֥ה מַצִּ֛יל לָאַ֖יִל מִיָּדֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*rᵊʾîṯîw* *maggîaʿ* *ʾēṣel* the-*ʾayil* and-*yiṯmarmēr* toward-him and-*yak* ʾeṯ-the-*ʾayil* and-*yᵊšabbēr* ʾeṯ-*šᵊtê* *qᵊrānāyw*, and-not-*hāyâ* *ḵōaḥ* in-the-*ʾayil* to-*ʿămōḏ* before-him. And-*yašlîḵēhû* *ʾarṣâ* and-*yirmᵊsēhû*, and-not-*hāyâ* *maṣṣîl* to-the-*ʾayil* from-*yāḏô*.",
"grammar": {
"*rᵊʾîṯîw*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I saw him",
"*maggîaʿ*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - reaching/approaching",
"*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside/near",
"*ʾayil*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the ram",
"*yiṯmarmēr*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became bitter/enraged",
"*yak*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck",
"*yᵊšabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he broke",
"*šᵊtê*": "numeral, feminine, construct - two of",
"*qᵊrānāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horns",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there was",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - strength/power",
"*ʿămōḏ*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand",
"*yašlîḵēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and waw consecutive - and he cast him",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - to the ground",
"*yirmᵊsēhû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and waw consecutive - and he trampled him",
"*maṣṣîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - deliverer",
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand"
},
"variants": {
"*rᵊʾîṯîw*": "I saw him/observed him",
"*maggîaʿ*": "reaching/approaching/coming to",
"*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near/next to",
"*ʾayil*": "ram/male sheep",
"*yiṯmarmēr*": "became enraged/embittered/furious",
"*yak*": "struck/hit/attacked",
"*yᵊšabbēr*": "broke/shattered/smashed",
"*šᵊtê*": "two",
"*qᵊrānāyw*": "his horns",
"*hāyâ*": "was/existed",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/ability",
"*ʿămōḏ*": "to stand/withstand/resist",
"*yašlîḵēhû*": "cast him/threw him",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward",
"*yirmᵊsēhû*": "trampled him/stomped on him",
"*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who saves",
"*yāḏô*": "his hand/power/control"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.8",
"source": "וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And-*ṣᵊpîr* the-*ʿizzîm* *hiḡdîl* unto-*mᵊʾōḏ*, and-in-*ʿāṣmô* *nišbᵊrâ* the-*qeren* the-*gᵊḏôlâ*, and-*taʿălènâ* *ḥāzûṯ* *ʾarbaʿ* *taḥtèhā* to-*ʾarbaʿ* *rûḥôṯ* the-*šāmāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣᵊpîr*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - male goat of",
"*ʿizzîm*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the goats",
"*hiḡdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he magnified himself",
"*mᵊʾōḏ*": "adverb - very much/exceedingly",
"*ʿāṣmô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his might",
"*nišbᵊrâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was broken",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the horn",
"*gᵊḏôlâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular with definite article - the great",
"*taʿălènâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural with waw consecutive - and they came up",
"*ḥāzûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - conspicuousness of",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "numeral, feminine - four",
"*taḥtèhā*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - under it",
"*rûḥôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - winds/directions of",
"*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, dual with definite article - the heavens"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣᵊpîr*": "he-goat/male goat/buck",
"*ʿizzîm*": "goats",
"*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/became great/exalted himself",
"*mᵊʾōḏ*": "exceedingly/greatly/very much",
"*ʿāṣmô*": "his might/strength/power",
"*nišbᵊrâ*": "was broken/shattered/snapped",
"*qeren*": "horn",
"*gᵊḏôlâ*": "great/large/important",
"*taʿălènâ*": "came up/grew/emerged",
"*ḥāzûṯ*": "conspicuous/notable/prominent",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "four",
"*taḥtèhā*": "under it/in its place",
"*rûḥôṯ*": "winds/directions/quarters",
"*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.9",
"source": "וּמִן־הָאַחַ֣ת מֵהֶ֔ם יָצָ֥א קֶֽרֶן־אַחַ֖ת מִצְּעִירָ֑ה וַתִּגְדַּל־יֶ֛תֶר אֶל־הַנֶּ֥גֶב וְאֶל־הַמִּזְרָ֖ח וְאֶל־הַצֶּֽבִי׃",
"text": "And-from-the-*ʾaḥaṯ* from-them *yāṣāʾ* *qeren*-*ʾaḥaṯ* *miṣṣᵊʿîrâ*, and-*tiḡdal*-*yeṯer* toward-the-*neḡeḇ* and-toward-the-*mizrāḥ* and-toward-the-*ṣeḇî*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḥaṯ*": "numeral, feminine, singular with definite article - the one",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - came out/went forth",
"*qeren*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - horn of",
"*ʾaḥaṯ*": "numeral, feminine, singular - one",
"*miṣṣᵊʿîrâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular with prefix preposition - from small",
"*tiḡdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it grew",
"*yeṯer*": "noun, masculine, singular - excess/extraordinarily",
"*neḡeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the south",
"*mizrāḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the east",
"*ṣeḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the beauty/glory"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḥaṯ*": "one/single",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "came out/went forth/emerged",
"*qeren*": "horn/power",
"*miṣṣᵊʿîrâ*": "from small/little/minor",
"*tiḡdal*": "grew/became large/increased",
"*yeṯer*": "excess/extraordinarily/exceedingly",
"*neḡeḇ*": "south/southern region",
"*mizrāḥ*": "east/eastern region",
"*ṣeḇî*": "beauty/glory/beautiful land (possibly referring to Israel)"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Daniel.8.10",
"source": "וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃",
"text": "And-*tiḡdal* unto-*ṣᵊḇāʾ* the-*šāmāyim* and-*tappēl* *ʾarṣâ* from-the-*ṣāḇāʾ* and-from-the-*kôḵāḇîm* and-*tirmᵊsēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*tiḡdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it grew",
"*ṣᵊḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - host of",
"*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, dual with definite article - the heavens",
"*tappēl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it caused to fall",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - to the ground",
"*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the host",
"*kôḵāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the stars",
"*tirmᵊsēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and it trampled them"
},
"variants": {
"*tiḡdal*": "grew/became large/increased",
"*ṣᵊḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude",
"*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky",
"*tappēl*": "caused to fall/cast down/threw down",
"*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward",
"*ṣāḇāʾ*": "host/army",
"*kôḵāḇîm*": "stars/celestial bodies",
"*tirmᵊsēm*": "trampled them/stomped on them"
}
}