8{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.8",
"source": "כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים יְגֵעִ֔ים לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל אִ֖ישׁ לְדַבֵּ֑ר לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֥ע עַ֙יִן֙ לִרְא֔וֹת וְלֹא־תִמָּלֵ֥א אֹ֖זֶן מִשְּׁמֹֽעַ׃",
"text": "*Kol*-*haddəbārîm* *yəgêʿîm* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *ʾîš* *lədabbêr* *lōʾ*-*tiśbaʿ* *ʿayin* *lirʾôt* *wəlōʾ*-*timmālêʾ* *ʾōzen* *miššəmōaʿ*",
"grammar": {
"*Kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*haddəbārîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the things/words/matters",
"*yəgêʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wearisome/tired",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - able/can",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*lədabbêr*": "preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct - to speak",
"*tiśbaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - be satisfied/full",
"*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine singular - eye",
"*lirʾôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to see",
"*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*timmālêʾ*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - be filled/be full",
"*ʾōzen*": "noun, feminine singular - ear",
"*miššəmōaʿ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - from hearing"
},
"variants": {
"*dəbārîm*": "words/things/matters/affairs",
"*yəgêʿîm*": "wearisome/tiring/laborious/fatiguing",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/husband/anyone"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.9",
"source": "מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃",
"text": "*Mah*-*šehāyāh* *hûʾ* *šeyyihyeh* *ûmah*-*šennaʿăśāh* *hûʾ* *šeyyêʿāśeh* *wəʾên* *kol*-*ḥādāš* *taḥat* *haššāmeš*",
"grammar": {
"*Mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*šehāyāh*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - that was",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it/that (is)",
"*šeyyihyeh*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that will be",
"*ûmah*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what",
"*šennaʿăśāh*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - that was done",
"*šeyyêʿāśeh*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that will be done",
"*wəʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/any",
"*ḥādāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - new",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyāh*": "was/happened/occurred/existed",
"*naʿăśāh*": "was done/was made/was performed",
"*ḥādāš*": "new/fresh/novel/unprecedented"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.10",
"source": "יֵ֥שׁ דָּבָ֛ר שֶׁיֹּאמַ֥ר רְאֵה־זֶ֖ה חָדָ֣שׁ ה֑וּא כְּבָר֙ הָיָ֣ה לְעֹֽלָמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה מִלְּפָנֵֽנוּ׃",
"text": "*Yêš* *dābār* *šeyyōʾmar* *rəʾêh*-*zeh* *ḥādāš* *hûʾ* *kəbār* *hāyāh* *ləʿōlāmîm* *ʾăšer* *hāyāh* *millə̄pānênû*",
"grammar": {
"*Yêš*": "existential particle - there is",
"*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/word/matter",
"*šeyyōʾmar*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - that one might say",
"*rəʾêh*": "verb, qal imperative masculine singular - see/look",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥādāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - new",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)",
"*kəbār*": "adverb - already",
"*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it was",
"*ləʿōlāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for ages/in ancient times",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*millə̄pānênû*": "preposition + preposition + 1st common plural suffix - from before us"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair",
"*ʿōlāmîm*": "ages/ancient times/eternity/antiquity",
"*kəbār*": "already/long ago/previously"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.11",
"source": "אֵ֥ין זִכְר֖וֹן לָרִאשֹׁנִ֑ים וְגַ֨ם לָאַחֲרֹנִ֜ים שֶׁיִּהְי֗וּ לֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ זִכָּר֔וֹן עִ֥ם שֶׁיִּהְי֖וּ לָאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃",
"text": "*ʾÊn* *zikrôn* *lāriʾšōnîm* *wəgam* *lāʾaḥărōnîm* *šeyyihyû* *lōʾ*-*yihyeh* *lāhem* *zikkārôn* *ʿim* *šeyyihyû* *lāʾaḥărōnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾÊn*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*zikrôn*": "noun, masculine singular - remembrance/memory",
"*lāriʾšōnîm*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine plural - for the former things/earlier ones",
"*wəgam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*lāʾaḥărōnîm*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine plural - for the latter things",
"*šeyyihyû*": "relative pronoun + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - that will be",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*zikkārôn*": "noun, masculine singular - remembrance/memory",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*lāʾaḥărōnāh*": "preposition + article + adjective, feminine singular - in the future/afterward"
},
"variants": {
"*zikrôn*": "remembrance/memory/memorial/record",
"*riʾšōnîm*": "former/first/previous/earlier ones",
"*ʾaḥărōnîm*": "latter/future/later ones"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.12",
"source": "אֲנִ֣י קֹהֶ֗לֶת הָיִ֥יתִי מֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "*ʾĂnî* *Qōhelet* *hāyîtî* *melek* *ʿal*-*Yiśrāʾêl* in-*Yerûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾĂnî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I",
"*Qōhelet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Qohelet/Preacher/Assembler",
"*hāyîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I was/became",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*Yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*in*": "preposition - in",
"*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*Qōhelet*": "Assembler/Collector/Preacher/one who gathers",
"*hāyâ*": "was/became/happened/existed"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.13",
"source": "וְנָתַ֣תִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֗י לִדְר֤וֹשׁ וְלָתוּר֙ בַּֽחָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם ה֣וּא ׀ עִנְיַ֣ן רָ֗ע נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Wənātattî* *ʾet*-*libbî* *lidrôš* *wəlātûr* in-*ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer* *naʿăśāh* *taḥat* *haššāmāyim* *hûʾ* *ʿinyan* *rāʿ* *nātan* *ʾĕlōhîm* *libnê* *hāʾādām* *laʿănôt* *bô*",
"grammar": {
"*Wənātattî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - and I gave/set",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lidrôš*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to seek/inquire",
"*wəlātûr*": "conjunction + preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to search/explore",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/about",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that which",
"*naʿăśāh*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is done/has been done",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmāyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)",
"*ʿinyan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - task/occupation/business",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - bad/evil/grievous",
"*nātan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/placed",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*libnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - to sons of",
"*hāʾādām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind",
"*laʿănôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to be occupied/busy",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with it"
},
"variants": {
"*drš*": "seek/inquire/search/investigate",
"*tûr*": "search/explore/spy out/examine",
"*ʿinyan*": "task/business/occupation/travail",
"*ʿnh*": "be occupied/busy/afflicted/burdened",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.14",
"source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים שֶֽׁנַּעֲשׂ֖וּ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכֹּ֛ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "*Rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hammaʿăśîm* *šennaʿăśû* *taḥat* *haššāmeš* *wəhinnêh* *hakkōl* *hebel* *ûrəʿût* *rûaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*Rāʾîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I saw/observed",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hammaʿăśîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the works/deeds",
"*šennaʿăśû*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal perfect 3rd common plural - that were done",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun",
"*wəhinnêh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*hakkōl*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the whole/everything",
"*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor",
"*ûrəʿût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and striving/chasing after",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿăśîm*": "works/deeds/actions/activities",
"*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility",
"*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing wind/vexation of spirit"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.15",
"source": "מְעֻוָּ֖ת לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לִתְקֹ֑ן וְחֶסְר֖וֹן לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל לְהִמָּנֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*Məʿuwwāt* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *litqōn* *wəḥesrôn* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *ləhimmānôt*",
"grammar": {
"*Məʿuwwāt*": "verb, pual participle masculine singular - what is crooked",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is able/can",
"*litqōn*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to straighten",
"*wəḥesrôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and what is lacking/deficient",
"*ləhimmānôt*": "preposition + verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be counted/numbered"
},
"variants": {
"*məʿuwwāt*": "crooked/bent/twisted/perverted",
"*tqn*": "straighten/make right/correct",
"*ḥesrôn*": "lack/deficiency/that which is missing"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.16",
"source": "דִּבַּ֨רְתִּי אֲנִ֤י עִם־לִבִּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֗י הִנֵּ֨ה הִגְדַּ֤לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֙פְתִּי֙ חָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְלִבִּ֛י רָאָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה חָכְמָ֥ה וָדָֽעַת׃",
"text": "*Dibbartî* *ʾănî* *ʿim*-*libbî* *lêʾmōr* *ʾănî* *hinnêh* *higdaltî* *wəhôsaptî* *ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer*-*hāyāh* *ləpānay* *ʿal*-*Yerûšālāim* *wəlibbî* *rāʾāh* *harbêh* *ḥokmāh* *wādāʿat*",
"grammar": {
"*Dibbartî*": "verb, piel perfect 1st common singular - I spoke",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lêʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*higdaltî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I have made great",
"*wəhôsaptî*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - and I have increased",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - above/over",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was",
"*ləpānay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - before me",
"*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*wəlibbî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and my heart",
"*rāʾāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - saw/experienced",
"*harbêh*": "adverb - much/greatly",
"*wādāʿat*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and knowledge"
},
"variants": {
"*gdl*": "become great/grow/increase/magnify",
"*ysp*": "add/increase/continue/do again",
"*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/prudence",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/skill/discernment"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.17",
"source": "וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "*Wāʾettənāh* *libbî* *lādaʿat* *ḥokmāh* *wədaʿat* *hôlêlôt* *wəśiklût* *yādaʿtî* *šeggam*-*zeh* *hûʾ* *raʿyôn* *rûaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*Wāʾettənāh*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 1st common singular - and I gave/applied",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lādaʿat*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to know",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*wədaʿat*": "conjunction + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to know",
"*hôlêlôt*": "noun, feminine singular - madness/folly",
"*wəśiklût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and foolishness",
"*yādaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I knew/realized",
"*šeggam*": "relative pronoun + conjunction - that also",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)",
"*raʿyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - striving after/pursuit of",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlêlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness",
"*śiklût*": "foolishness/silliness/stupidity",
"*raʿyôn*": "striving/grasping/pursuit/desire"
}
}