2 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.2",
"source": "אִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתֶּן־ל֣וֹ הָאֱלֹהִ֡ים עֹשֶׁר֩ וּנְכָסִ֨ים וְכָב֜וֹד וְֽאֵינֶ֨נּוּ חָסֵ֥ר לְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ ׀ מִכֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִתְאַוֶּ֗ה וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁלִיטֶ֤נּוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ נָכְרִ֖י יֹֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ זֶ֥ה הֶ֛בֶל וָחֳלִ֥י רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃",
"text": "*ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yitten-lô* the *hāʾĕlōhîm* *ʿōšer* and-*nəḵāsîm* and-*ḵāḇôd* and-*ʾênenû* *ḥāsēr* to-*nap̄šô* from-all *ʾăšer-yiṯʾawweh* and-not-*yašlîṭennû* the *hāʾĕlōhîm* to-*leʾĕḵōl* from-it, *kî* *ʾîš* *nāḵrî* *yōʾăḵălennû*; this *heḇel* and-*ḥŏlî* *rāʿ* it.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/that",
"*yitten-lô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he gives to him",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (divine plural) - God",
"*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches",
"*nəḵāsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - possessions/property",
"*ḵāḇôd*": "noun, masculine singular - honor/glory",
"*ʾênenû*": "particle of negation + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he is not",
"*ḥāsēr*": "adjective, masculine singular - lacking/wanting",
"*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/desire",
"*ʾăšer-yiṯʾawweh*": "relative pronoun + verb, Hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - that he desires",
"*yašlîṭennû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he enables him",
"*leʾĕḵōl*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to eat",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*nāḵrî*": "adjective, masculine singular - foreign/strange",
"*yōʾăḵălennû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will eat it",
"*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/emptiness/breath",
"*ḥŏlî*": "noun, masculine singular - sickness/disease",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōšer*": "wealth/riches/abundance",
"*nəḵāsîm*": "possessions/property/goods",
"*ḵāḇôd*": "honor/glory/dignity/respect",
"*nap̄šô*": "his soul/self/desire/appetite",
"*yašlîṭennû*": "he empowers him/gives him power/enables him",
"*nāḵrî*": "foreigner/stranger/alien",
"*heḇel*": "vanity/futility/emptiness/breath/vapor",
"*ḥŏlî*": "sickness/disease/affliction"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.3",
"source": "אִם־יוֹלִ֣יד אִ֣ישׁ מֵאָ֡ה וְשָׁנִים֩ רַבּ֨וֹת יִֽחְיֶ֜ה וְרַ֣ב ׀ שֶׁיִּהְי֣וּ יְמֵֽי־שָׁנָ֗יו וְנַפְשׁוֹ֙ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע מִן־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה וְגַם־קְבוּרָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֣יְתָה לּ֑וֹ אָמַ֕רְתִּי ט֥וֹב מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הַנָּֽפֶל׃",
"text": "If-*yôlîd* *ʾîš* hundred and-*šānîm* *rabbôṯ* *yiḥyeh* and-many *šeyyihyû* *yəmê-šānāyw* and-*nap̄šô* not-*tiśbaʿ* from-the-*haṭṭôḇāh* and-also-*qəḇûrāh* not-*hāyəṯāh* to-him, *ʾāmartî* *ṭôḇ* from-him the-*hannāp̄el*.",
"grammar": {
"*yôlîd*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he begets",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years",
"*rabbôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - many/numerous",
"*yiḥyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will live",
"*šeyyihyû*": "relative conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - that they will be",
"*yəmê-šānāyw*": "construct state: noun, masculine plural construct + noun, feminine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - days of his years",
"*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul",
"*tiśbaʿ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she is satisfied/filled",
"*haṭṭôḇāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the good/goodness",
"*qəḇûrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - burial/grave",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she was/became",
"*ʾāmartî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I say/said",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/better",
"*hannāp̄el*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the miscarriage/stillborn"
},
"variants": {
"*yôlîd*": "begets/fathers/brings forth",
"*tiśbaʿ*": "is satisfied/is filled/has enough",
"*haṭṭôḇāh*": "the good/the goodness/the prosperity",
"*qəḇûrāh*": "burial/grave/tomb",
"*ʾāmartî*": "I say/I declare/I pronounce",
"*hannāp̄el*": "the miscarriage/the stillborn/the untimely birth"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.4",
"source": "כִּֽי־בַהֶ֥בֶל בָּ֖א וּבַחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יֵלֵ֑ךְ וּבַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ שְׁמ֥וֹ יְכֻסֶּֽה׃",
"text": "For-in-the-*heḇel* *bāʾ* and-in-the-*ḥōšeḵ* *yēlēḵ* and-in-the-*ḥōšeḵ* *šəmô* *yəḵusseh*.",
"grammar": {
"*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/emptiness",
"*bāʾ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he came",
"*ḥōšeḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*yēlēḵ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will go",
"*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*yəḵusseh*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be covered"
},
"variants": {
"*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath/vapor",
"*ḥōšeḵ*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*yəḵusseh*": "will be covered/will be concealed/will be hidden"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.5",
"source": "גַּם־שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ לֹא־רָאָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע נַ֥חַת לָזֶ֖ה מִזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "Also-*šemeš* not-*rāʾāh* and-not *yādāʿ*; *naḥaṯ* to-this from-this.",
"grammar": {
"*šemeš*": "noun, masculine/feminine singular - sun",
"*rāʾāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he saw",
"*yādāʿ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he knew",
"*naḥaṯ*": "noun, masculine singular - rest/quiet"
},
"variants": {
"*naḥaṯ*": "rest/quiet/peace/tranquility"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.6",
"source": "וְאִלּ֣וּ חָיָ֗ה אֶ֤לֶף שָׁנִים֙ פַּעֲמַ֔יִם וְטוֹבָ֖ה לֹ֣א רָאָ֑ה הֲלֹ֛א אֶל־מָק֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד הַכֹּ֥ל הוֹלֵֽךְ׃",
"text": "And-if *ḥāyāh* *ʾelep̄* *šānîm* *paʿămayim* and-*ṭôḇāh* not *rāʾāh*, *hălōʾ* to-*māqôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* the-*hakkōl* *hôlēḵ*?",
"grammar": {
"*ḥāyāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he lived",
"*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand",
"*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years",
"*paʿămayim*": "noun, feminine dual - twice",
"*ṭôḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - goodness",
"*rāʾāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he saw",
"*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not?",
"*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "adjective, masculine singular - one",
"*hakkōl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the all/everything",
"*hôlēḵ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - going"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭôḇāh*": "goodness/prosperity/happiness/welfare",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/destination",
"*hakkōl*": "all/everything/everyone"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.7",
"source": "כָּל־עֲמַ֥ל הָאָדָ֖ם לְפִ֑יהוּ וְגַם־הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ לֹ֥א תִמָּלֵֽא׃",
"text": "All-*ʿămal* the-*hāʾāḏām* for-*pîhû* and-also-the-*hannepeš* not *timmālēʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿămal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - labor/toil",
"*hāʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind",
"*pîhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth",
"*hannepeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the soul",
"*timmālēʾ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she is filled"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿămal*": "labor/toil/trouble/work",
"*hannepeš*": "the soul/appetite/desire",
"*timmālēʾ*": "is filled/is satisfied/is full"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.8",
"source": "כִּ֛י מַה־יוֹתֵ֥ר לֶחָכָ֖ם מִֽן־הַכְּסִ֑יל מַה־לֶּעָנִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ לַהֲלֹ֖ךְ נֶ֥גֶד הַחַיִֽים׃",
"text": "For what-*yôṯēr* to-the-*ḥāḵām* from-the-*hakkəsîl*? What-to-the-*leʿānî* *yôḏēaʿ* to-*lahălōḵ* *neḡeḏ* the-*haḥayyîm*?",
"grammar": {
"*yôṯēr*": "noun, masculine singular - advantage/profit",
"*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise man",
"*hakkəsîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the fool",
"*leʿānî*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - to the poor",
"*yôḏēaʿ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing",
"*lahălōḵ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to walk",
"*neḡeḏ*": "preposition - before/in front of",
"*haḥayyîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the living/life"
},
"variants": {
"*yôṯēr*": "advantage/profit/benefit/surplus",
"*ḥāḵām*": "wise man/sage",
"*hakkəsîl*": "the fool/the stupid one",
"*leʿānî*": "to the poor/to the afflicted/to the humble",
"*yôḏēaʿ*": "knowing/understanding",
"*lahălōḵ neḡeḏ haḥayyîm*": "to walk before the living/to conduct oneself in life"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.9",
"source": "ט֛וֹב מַרְאֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם מֵֽהֲלָךְ־נָ֑פֶשׁ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "*Ṭôḇ* *marʾēh* *ʿênayim* from-*mēhălāḵ*-*nāpeš*; also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿûṯ* *rûaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/better",
"*marʾēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sight of",
"*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes",
"*mēhălāḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from walking of",
"*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul",
"*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/emptiness",
"*rəʿûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving after",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*marʾēh ʿênayim*": "sight of eyes/what one sees",
"*hălāḵ-nāpeš*": "walking of soul/wandering of desire/roaming of appetite",
"*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath",
"*rəʿûṯ rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing after wind/vexation of spirit"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.10",
"source": "מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָ֗ה כְּבָר֙ נִקְרָ֣א שְׁמ֔וֹ וְנוֹדָ֖ע אֲשֶׁר־ה֣וּא אָדָ֑ם וְלֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לָדִ֔ין עִ֥ם שֶׁתַּקִּ֖יף מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "What-*ššehāyāh* already *niqrāʾ* *šəmô* and-*nôḏāʿ* *ʾăšer-hûʾ* *ʾāḏām* and-not-*yûḵal* *lāḏîn* with *šettaqqîp̄* from-him.",
"grammar": {
"*ššehāyāh*": "relative conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - that has been",
"*niqrāʾ*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was called",
"*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*nôḏāʿ*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was known",
"*ʾăšer-hûʾ*": "relative pronoun + personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - that he [is]",
"*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind",
"*yûḵal*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able",
"*lāḏîn*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to contend/judge",
"*šettaqqîp̄*": "relative conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - that [is] mightier"
},
"variants": {
"*ššehāyāh*": "that which has been/whatever exists",
"*niqrāʾ šəmô*": "his name was called/it was named",
"*nôḏāʿ*": "it was known/it was recognized",
"*ʾāḏām*": "man/humanity/Adam",
"*lāḏîn*": "to contend/to dispute/to argue/to judge",
"*šettaqqîp̄*": "that is mightier/that is stronger/that is more powerful"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.11",
"source": "כִּ֛י יֵשׁ־דְּבָרִ֥ים הַרְבֵּ֖ה מַרְבִּ֣ים הָ֑בֶל מַה־יֹּתֵ֖ר לָאָדָֽם׃",
"text": "For *yēš*-*dəḇārîm* *harbēh* *marbîm* *hāḇel*, what-*yōṯēr* to-the-*lāʾāḏām*?",
"grammar": {
"*yēš*": "existential particle - there are",
"*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things",
"*harbēh*": "adverb - many/much",
"*marbîm*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine plural - increasing",
"*hāḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/emptiness",
"*yōṯēr*": "noun, masculine singular - advantage/profit",
"*lāʾāḏām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the man"
},
"variants": {
"*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters",
"*marbîm hāḇel*": "increasing futility/multiplying vanity",
"*yōṯēr*": "advantage/profit/benefit/gain"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.12",
"source": "כִּ֣י מִֽי־יוֹדֵעַ֩ מַה־טּ֨וֹב לָֽאָדָ֜ם בַּֽחַיִּ֗ים מִסְפַּ֛ר יְמֵי־חַיֵּ֥י הֶבְל֖וֹ וְיַעֲשֵׂ֣ם כַּצֵּ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ מִֽי־יַגִּ֣יד לָֽאָדָ֔ם מַה־יִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָ֖יו תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃",
"text": "For who-*yôḏēaʿ* what-*ṭṭôḇ* to-the-*lāʾāḏām* in-the-*baḥayyîm* *mispar* *yəmê*-*ḥayyê* *heḇlô* and-*yaʿăśēm* like-the-*kaṣṣēl*? *ʾăšer* who-*yaggîḏ* to-the-*lāʾāḏām* what-*yihyeh* *ʾaḥărāyw* *taḥaṯ* the-*haššāmeš*?",
"grammar": {
"*yôḏēaʿ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing",
"*ṭṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*lāʾāḏām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the man",
"*baḥayyîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the life",
"*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of",
"*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*ḥayyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - life of",
"*heḇlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his vanity",
"*yaʿăśēm*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he makes them",
"*kaṣṣēl*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the shadow",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yaggîḏ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will tell",
"*yihyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him",
"*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmeš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sun"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭṭôḇ lāʾāḏām*": "good for man/beneficial for humanity",
"*mispar yəmê-ḥayyê heḇlô*": "number of days of his vain life",
"*yaʿăśēm kaṣṣēl*": "he spends them like a shadow/he makes them like a shadow",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "after him/following him/when he is gone",
"*taḥaṯ haššāmeš*": "under the sun (idiom for 'in this world')"
}
}