12 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.12",
"source": "אֲנִ֣י קֹהֶ֗לֶת הָיִ֥יתִי מֶ֛לֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "*ʾĂnî* *Qōhelet* *hāyîtî* *melek* *ʿal*-*Yiśrāʾêl* in-*Yerûšālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾĂnî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I",
"*Qōhelet*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Qohelet/Preacher/Assembler",
"*hāyîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I was/became",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - over",
"*Yiśrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*in*": "preposition - in",
"*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem"
},
"variants": {
"*Qōhelet*": "Assembler/Collector/Preacher/one who gathers",
"*hāyâ*": "was/became/happened/existed"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.13",
"source": "וְנָתַ֣תִּי אֶת־לִבִּ֗י לִדְר֤וֹשׁ וְלָתוּר֙ בַּֽחָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם ה֣וּא ׀ עִנְיַ֣ן רָ֗ע נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*Wənātattî* *ʾet*-*libbî* *lidrôš* *wəlātûr* in-*ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer* *naʿăśāh* *taḥat* *haššāmāyim* *hûʾ* *ʿinyan* *rāʿ* *nātan* *ʾĕlōhîm* *libnê* *hāʾādām* *laʿănôt* *bô*",
"grammar": {
"*Wənātattî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - and I gave/set",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lidrôš*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to seek/inquire",
"*wəlātûr*": "conjunction + preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to search/explore",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/about",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that which",
"*naʿăśāh*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is done/has been done",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmāyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)",
"*ʿinyan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - task/occupation/business",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - bad/evil/grievous",
"*nātan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - gave/placed",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*libnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - to sons of",
"*hāʾādām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the man/mankind",
"*laʿănôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to be occupied/busy",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with it"
},
"variants": {
"*drš*": "seek/inquire/search/investigate",
"*tûr*": "search/explore/spy out/examine",
"*ʿinyan*": "task/business/occupation/travail",
"*ʿnh*": "be occupied/busy/afflicted/burdened",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.14",
"source": "רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים שֶֽׁנַּעֲשׂ֖וּ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכֹּ֛ל הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "*Rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hammaʿăśîm* *šennaʿăśû* *taḥat* *haššāmeš* *wəhinnêh* *hakkōl* *hebel* *ûrəʿût* *rûaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*Rāʾîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I saw/observed",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*hammaʿăśîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the works/deeds",
"*šennaʿăśû*": "relative pronoun + verb, niphal perfect 3rd common plural - that were done",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under",
"*haššāmeš*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the sun",
"*wəhinnêh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*hakkōl*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the whole/everything",
"*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor",
"*ûrəʿût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and striving/chasing after",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿăśîm*": "works/deeds/actions/activities",
"*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility",
"*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing wind/vexation of spirit"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.15",
"source": "מְעֻוָּ֖ת לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל לִתְקֹ֑ן וְחֶסְר֖וֹן לֹא־יוּכַ֥ל לְהִמָּנֽוֹת׃",
"text": "*Məʿuwwāt* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *litqōn* *wəḥesrôn* *lōʾ*-*yûkal* *ləhimmānôt*",
"grammar": {
"*Məʿuwwāt*": "verb, pual participle masculine singular - what is crooked",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yûkal*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is able/can",
"*litqōn*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to straighten",
"*wəḥesrôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and what is lacking/deficient",
"*ləhimmānôt*": "preposition + verb, niphal infinitive construct - to be counted/numbered"
},
"variants": {
"*məʿuwwāt*": "crooked/bent/twisted/perverted",
"*tqn*": "straighten/make right/correct",
"*ḥesrôn*": "lack/deficiency/that which is missing"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.16",
"source": "דִּבַּ֨רְתִּי אֲנִ֤י עִם־לִבִּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲנִ֗י הִנֵּ֨ה הִגְדַּ֤לְתִּי וְהוֹסַ֙פְתִּי֙ חָכְמָ֔ה עַ֛ל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הָיָ֥ה לְפָנַ֖י עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְלִבִּ֛י רָאָ֥ה הַרְבֵּ֖ה חָכְמָ֥ה וָדָֽעַת׃",
"text": "*Dibbartî* *ʾănî* *ʿim*-*libbî* *lêʾmōr* *ʾănî* *hinnêh* *higdaltî* *wəhôsaptî* *ḥokmāh* *ʿal* *kol*-*ʾăšer*-*hāyāh* *ləpānay* *ʿal*-*Yerûšālāim* *wəlibbî* *rāʾāh* *harbêh* *ḥokmāh* *wādāʿat*",
"grammar": {
"*Dibbartî*": "verb, piel perfect 1st common singular - I spoke",
"*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lêʾmōr*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*higdaltî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I have made great",
"*wəhôsaptî*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect 1st common singular - and I have increased",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - above/over",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was",
"*ləpānay*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st common singular suffix - before me",
"*Yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*wəlibbî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and my heart",
"*rāʾāh*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - saw/experienced",
"*harbêh*": "adverb - much/greatly",
"*wādāʿat*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and knowledge"
},
"variants": {
"*gdl*": "become great/grow/increase/magnify",
"*ysp*": "add/increase/continue/do again",
"*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/prudence",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/perception/skill/discernment"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Ecclesiastes.1.17",
"source": "וָאֶתְּנָ֤ה לִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֔ה וְדַ֥עַת הוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְשִׂכְל֑וּת יָדַ֕עְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֥ה ה֖וּא רַעְי֥וֹן רֽוּחַ׃",
"text": "*Wāʾettənāh* *libbî* *lādaʿat* *ḥokmāh* *wədaʿat* *hôlêlôt* *wəśiklût* *yādaʿtî* *šeggam*-*zeh* *hûʾ* *raʿyôn* *rûaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*Wāʾettənāh*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive 1st common singular - and I gave/applied",
"*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my heart",
"*lādaʿat*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to know",
"*ḥokmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom",
"*wədaʿat*": "conjunction + verb, qal infinitive construct - and to know",
"*hôlêlôt*": "noun, feminine singular - madness/folly",
"*wəśiklût*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and foolishness",
"*yādaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st common singular - I knew/realized",
"*šeggam*": "relative pronoun + conjunction - that also",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - it (is)",
"*raʿyôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - striving after/pursuit of",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlêlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness",
"*śiklût*": "foolishness/silliness/stupidity",
"*raʿyôn*": "striving/grasping/pursuit/desire"
}
}