5 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.5",
"source": "וַיַּ֣רְא הָמָ֔ן כִּי־אֵ֣ין מָרְדֳּכַ֔י כֹּרֵ֥עַ וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה ל֑וֹ וַיִּמָּלֵ֥א הָמָ֖ן חֵמָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyarə* *hāmān* that-no *mordŏkay* *kōrēaʿ* and-*mištaḥăweh* to-him and-*wayyimmālē* *hāmān* *ḥēmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarə*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*kōrēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - bowing/bending knee",
"*mištaḥăweh*": "Hishtaphel participle, masculine singular - prostrating himself/worshipping",
"*wayyimmālē*": "Niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he was filled",
"*ḥēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/rage"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarə*": "saw/observed/noticed",
"*kōrēaʿ*": "bowing/kneeling/bending knee",
"*mištaḥăweh*": "prostrating/worshipping/paying homage",
"*wayyimmālē*": "was filled/became full",
"*ḥēmâ*": "rage/wrath/fury/anger"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.6",
"source": "וַיִּ֣בֶז בְּעֵינָ֗יו לִשְׁלֹ֤ח יָד֙ בְּמָרְדֳּכַ֣י לְבַדּ֔וֹ כִּֽי־הִגִּ֥ידוּ ל֖וֹ אֶת־עַ֣ם מָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַיְבַקֵּ֣שׁ הָמָ֗ן לְהַשְׁמִ֧יד אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּכָל־מַלְכ֥וּת אֲחַשְׁוֵר֖וֹשׁ עַ֥ם מָרְדֳּכָֽי׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiḇez* in-*ʿênāyw* to-*šəlōaḥ* *yād* against-*mordŏkay* to-*ləḇaddô* for-*higgîdû* to-him ʾet-*ʿam* *mordŏkay* and-*wayəḇaqqēš* *hāmān* to-*hašmîd* ʾet-all-the-*yəhûdîm* who in-all-*malkût* *ʾaḥašwērôš* *ʿam* *mordŏkay*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiḇez*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he disdained/despised",
"*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes",
"*šəlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to send/extend",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand",
"*mordŏkay*": "proper name - Mordecai",
"*ləḇaddô*": "preposition with noun and 3rd masculine singular suffix - by himself/alone",
"*higgîdû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they told/informed",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wayəḇaqqēš*": "Piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sought",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*hašmîd*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy/annihilate",
"*yəhûdîm*": "gentilic adjective, masculine plural - Jews",
"*malkût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiḇez*": "disdained/despised/considered contemptible",
"*šəlōaḥ*": "to send/extend/stretch out",
"*yād*": "hand/power/violence",
"*ləḇaddô*": "alone/by himself/only",
"*higgîdû*": "told/informed/reported",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/ethnic group",
"*wayəḇaqqēš*": "sought/tried/attempted",
"*hašmîd*": "to destroy/exterminate/annihilate",
"*malkût*": "kingdom/reign/royal power"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.7",
"source": "בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃",
"text": "In-the-*ḥōdeš* the-*rišôn* he-*ḥōdeš* *nîsān* in-*šənat* twelve to-the-*melek* *ʾaḥašwērôš* *hippîl* *pûr* he the-*gôrāl* before *hāmān* from-*yôm* to-*yôm* and-from-*ḥōdeš* to-*ḥōdeš* twelve he-*ḥōdeš* *ʾădār*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - month",
"*rišôn*": "ordinal adjective, masculine singular - first",
"*nîsān*": "proper name - Nisan (month)",
"*šənat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - year of",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*ʾaḥašwērôš*": "proper name - Ahasuerus/Xerxes",
"*hippîl*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he cast",
"*pûr*": "foreign noun - pur (lot)",
"*gôrāl*": "noun, masculine singular - lot",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*ʾădār*": "proper name - Adar (month)"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon",
"*rišôn*": "first/primary/beginning",
"*šənat*": "year of/time period of",
"*hippîl*": "cast/threw/dropped",
"*pûr*": "pur (Persian word for lot/die)",
"*gôrāl*": "lot/portion/destiny",
"*yôm*": "day/time/period"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōmer* *hāmān* to-the-*melek* *ʾaḥašwērôš* *yešnô* *ʿam*-*ʾeḥād* *məfuzzār* and-*məfōrād* between the-*ʿammîm* in-all *mədînôt* *malkûtekā* and-*dātêhem* *šōnôt* from-all-*ʿām* and-ʾet-*dātê* the-*melek* not-they *ʿōśîm* and-to-the-*melek* no-*šōweh* to-*hannîḥām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*ʾaḥašwērôš*": "proper name - Ahasuerus/Xerxes",
"*yešnô*": "particle of existence with 3rd masculine singular suffix - there is",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one",
"*məfuzzār*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - scattered",
"*məfōrād*": "Pual participle, masculine singular - separated",
"*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples",
"*mədînôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - provinces of",
"*malkûtekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your kingdom",
"*dātêhem*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their laws",
"*šōnôt*": "Qal participle, feminine plural - different",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*dātê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - laws of",
"*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - doing",
"*šōweh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - profitable/beneficial",
"*hannîḥām*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to leave them alone"
},
"variants": {
"*yešnô*": "there exists/there is",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/ethnic group",
"*məfuzzār*": "scattered/dispersed/spread",
"*məfōrād*": "separated/divided/isolated",
"*mədînôt*": "provinces/districts/regions",
"*dātêhem*": "their laws/customs/practices",
"*šōnôt*": "different/diverse/varying",
"*ʿōśîm*": "doing/performing/keeping",
"*šōweh*": "worthwhile/profitable/beneficial",
"*hannîḥām*": "to leave them alone/to let them be"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.9",
"source": "אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב יִכָּתֵ֖ב לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וַעֲשֶׂ֨רֶת אֲלָפִ֜ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֗סֶף אֶשְׁקוֹל֙ עַל־יְדֵי֙ עֹשֵׂ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה לְהָבִ֖יא אֶל־גִּנְזֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "If-upon-the-*melek* *ṭôḇ* *yikkātēḇ* to-*ʾabbədām* and-ten *ʾălāfîm* *kikkar*-*kesef* *ʾešqôl* upon-*yədê* *ʿōśê* the-*məlāʾkâ* to-*hāḇîʾ* to-*ginzê* the-*melek*.",
"grammar": {
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*yikkātēḇ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be written",
"*ʾabbədām*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to destroy them",
"*ʾălāfîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands",
"*kikkar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - talent of",
"*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver",
"*ʾešqôl*": "Qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will weigh out",
"*yədê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - hands of",
"*ʿōśê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - doers of",
"*məlāʾkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - work",
"*hāḇîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring",
"*ginzê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - treasuries of"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasing/favorable",
"*yikkātēḇ*": "let it be written/may it be decreed",
"*ʾabbədām*": "to destroy them/to annihilate them",
"*kikkar*": "talent/circular weight (large unit of weight)",
"*kesef*": "silver/money",
"*ʾešqôl*": "I will weigh out/pay/deliver",
"*yədê*": "hands of/control of/authority of",
"*ʿōśê*": "doers of/workers of/those who perform",
"*məlāʾkâ*": "work/task/business",
"*hāḇîʾ*": "to bring/deliver/deposit",
"*ginzê*": "treasuries/storehouses/coffers"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.10",
"source": "וַיָּ֧סַר הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת־טַבַּעְתּ֖וֹ מֵעַ֣ל יָד֑וֹ וַֽיִּתְּנָ֗הּ לְהָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י צֹרֵ֥ר הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*wayyāsar* the-*melek* ʾet-*ṭabbaʿtô* from-upon *yādô* and-*wayyittənāh* to-*hāmān* *ben*-*hammədāṯāʾ* the-*ʾăḡāḡî* *ṣōrēr* the-*yəhûdîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāsar*": "Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*ṭabbaʿtô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signet ring",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*wayyittənāh*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he gave it",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*hammədāṯāʾ*": "proper name with definite article - Hammedatha",
"*ʾăḡāḡî*": "gentilic adjective - Agagite",
"*ṣōrēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - enemy of",
"*yəhûdîm*": "gentilic adjective, masculine plural - Jews"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāsar*": "removed/took off",
"*ṭabbaʿtô*": "his signet ring/seal",
"*wayyittənāh*": "gave it/handed it over",
"*ṣōrēr*": "adversary of/enemy of/one who shows hostility to"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהָמָ֔ן הַכֶּ֖סֶף נָת֣וּן לָ֑ךְ וְהָעָ֕ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ כַּטּ֥וֹב בְּעֵינֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōmer* the-*melek* to-*hāmān* the-*kesef* *nāṯûn* to-you and-the-*ʿām* to-*ʿăśôt* with-him as-the-*ṭôḇ* in-*ʿênêkā*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*hāmān*": "proper name - Haman",
"*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver",
"*nāṯûn*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - given",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*kesef*": "silver/money",
"*nāṯûn*": "given/granted",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/ethnic group",
"*ʿăśôt*": "to do/to act/to deal with",
"*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasing/right"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.12",
"source": "וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽאֶל־הַפַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה וְאֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָעָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "*wə-yiqqārəʾû* *sōp̄ərê* the-*meleḵ* in-the-*ḥōḏeš* the-*rīʾšôn* in-*šəlôšāh* *ʿāśār* *yôm* in-*bô*, *wə-yikkāṯēḇ* like-all-which-*ṣiwwāh* *Hāmān* to *ʾăḥašdarpənê*-the-*meleḵ* and-to-the-*paḥôṯ* which upon-*məḏînāh* and-*məḏînāh* and-to-*śārê* *ʿam* and-*ʿām* *məḏînāh* and-*məḏînāh* according-to-*kiṯḇāhh* and-*ʿam* and-*ʿām* according-to-*ləšônô* in-*šēm* the-*meleḵ* *ʾăḥašwērōš* *niḵtāḇ* and-*neḥtām* with-*ṭabbaʿaṯ* the-*meleḵ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiqqārəʾû*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they were called",
"*sōp̄ərê*": "construct plural of *sōp̄ēr* - scribes of",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king",
"*ḥōḏeš*": "masculine singular - month",
"*rīʾšôn*": "masculine singular adjective - first",
"*šəlôšāh*": "cardinal number - three",
"*ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - ten",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular - day",
"*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it",
"*wə-yikkāṯēḇ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd singular - and it was written",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded",
"*Hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman",
"*ʾăḥašdarpənê*": "construct plural - satraps of",
"*paḥôṯ*": "masculine plural - governors",
"*məḏînāh*": "feminine singular - province",
"*śārê*": "construct plural of *śar* - princes/officials of",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people",
"*kiṯḇāhh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its writing/script",
"*ləšônô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its language",
"*šēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ʾăḥašwērōš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus/Xerxes",
"*niḵtāḇ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was written",
"*neḥtām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was sealed",
"*ṭabbaʿaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - signet ring of"
},
"variants": {
"*sōp̄ərê*": "scribes/secretaries/writers",
"*məḏînāh*": "province/state/district",
"*śārê*": "officials/princes/noblemen",
"*kiṯḇāhh*": "writing/script/document",
"*ləšônô*": "language/tongue/speech",
"*ṭabbaʿaṯ*": "signet ring/seal"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Esther.3.13",
"source": "וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃",
"text": "*wə-nišlôaḥ* *səp̄ārîm* by-*yad* the-*rāṣîm* to-all-*məḏînôṯ* the-*meleḵ* *lə-hašmîḏ* *la-hărōḡ* and-*lə-ʾabbēḏ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*yəhûḏîm* from-*naʿar* and-until-*zāqēn* *ṭap̄* and-*nāšîm* in-*yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* in-*šəlôšāh* *ʿāśār* to-*ḥōḏeš* *šənêm*-*ʿāśār* it-*ḥōḏeš* *ʾăḏār* and-*šəlālām* *lā-ḇôz*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-nišlôaḥ*": "conjunction + Niphal infinitive absolute - and sending",
"*səp̄ārîm*": "masculine plural - letters/documents",
"*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*rāṣîm*": "masculine plural - runners/couriers",
"*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king",
"*lə-hašmîḏ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy",
"*la-hărōḡ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to kill",
"*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to annihilate",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yəhûḏîm*": "masculine plural - Jews",
"*naʿar*": "masculine singular - young man/boy",
"*zāqēn*": "masculine singular - old man",
"*ṭap̄*": "masculine singular collective - children",
"*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular - day",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine singular number - one",
"*šəlôšāh*": "cardinal number - three",
"*ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - ten",
"*ḥōḏeš*": "masculine singular - month",
"*šənêm*": "cardinal number - two",
"*ʾăḏār*": "proper noun - Adar (month name)",
"*šəlālām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder",
"*lā-ḇôz*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to plunder"
},
"variants": {
"*nišlôaḥ*": "being sent/dispatched",
"*səp̄ārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls",
"*rāṣîm*": "runners/couriers/messengers",
"*lə-hašmîḏ*": "to destroy/exterminate/eliminate",
"*la-hărōḡ*": "to kill/slay/murder",
"*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/annihilate/cause to perish",
"*naʿar*": "young man/boy/youth",
"*zāqēn*": "old man/elder",
"*ṭap̄*": "children/little ones",
"*šəlālām*": "their plunder/spoil/possessions",
"*lā-ḇôz*": "to plunder/spoil/take as prey"
}
}