Esther 8:11

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Esther.8.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃", "text": "Which *nātan* the *melek* to the *yĕhûdîm* which in every-*'îr*-and *'îr* to *hiqqāhēl* and to *'ămōd* upon-*napšām* to *hašmîd* and to *hărōg* and to *'abbēd* *'ēt*-all-*ḥêl* *'am* and *mĕdînâ* the *ṣārîm* *'ōtām* *ṭap* and *nāšîm* and *šĕlālām* to *bôz*.", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave", "*'îr*": "feminine singular - city", "*hiqqāhēl*": "niphal infinitive construct - to assemble themselves", "*'ămōd*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*napšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*hašmîd*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*hărōg*": "qal infinitive construct - to kill", "*'abbēd*": "piel infinitive construct - to annihilate", "*ḥêl*": "masculine singular construct - force of", "*'am*": "masculine singular - people", "*ṣārîm*": "definite qal participle, masculine plural - those adversaries", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ṭap*": "masculine singular - children", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*šĕlālām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder", "*bôz*": "qal infinitive construct - to plunder" }, "variants": { "*hiqqāhēl*": "to assemble/gather/organize", "*'ămōd* upon-*napšām*": "to defend themselves/protect their lives", "*hašmîd*": "to destroy/eliminate/exterminate", "*ḥêl*": "forces/army/troops", "*ṣārîm*": "adversaries/enemies/attackers", "*ṭap*": "children/little ones", "*šĕlālām* to *bôz*": "to plunder their possessions/take their property as spoil" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃

Transliteration

Which nātan the melek to the yĕhûdîm which in every-'îr-and 'îr to hiqqāhēl and to 'ămōd upon-napšām to hašmîd and to hărōg and to 'abbēd 'ēt-all-ḥêl 'am and mĕdînâ the ṣārîm 'ōtām ṭap and nāšîm and šĕlālām to bôz.

Grammar Details

• *nātan*: qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave
• *'îr*: feminine singular - city
• *hiqqāhēl*: niphal infinitive construct - to assemble themselves
• *'ămōd*: qal infinitive construct - to stand
• *napšām*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life
• *hašmîd*: hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy
• *hărōg*: qal infinitive construct - to kill
• *'abbēd*: piel infinitive construct - to annihilate
• *ḥêl*: masculine singular construct - force of
• *'am*: masculine singular - people
• *ṣārîm*: definite qal participle, masculine plural - those adversaries
• *'ōtām*: direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them
• *ṭap*: masculine singular - children
• *nāšîm*: feminine plural - women
• *šĕlālām*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder
• *bôz*: qal infinitive construct - to plunder

Word Meanings

• *hiqqāhēl*: to assemble/gather/organize
• *'ămōd* upon-*napšām*: to defend themselves/protect their lives
• *hašmîd*: to destroy/eliminate/exterminate
• *ḥêl*: forces/army/troops
• *ṣārîm*: adversaries/enemies/attackers
• *ṭap*: children/little ones
• *šĕlālām* to *bôz*: to plunder their possessions/take their property as spoil

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The king’s decree gave the Jews in every city the right to assemble and defend themselves, to destroy, kill, and annihilate any armed force of any people or province that might attack them, including women and children, and to plunder their possessions.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselv together, and to stand for their life, to dtroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little on and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  By these letters, the king granted the Jews in every city the right to gather and protect themselves, to destroy, to slay, and to annihilate any armed force of any people or province that might attack them, along with their little ones and women, and to plunder their possessions.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  wherein the king granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, [their] little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  wher in the kynge graunted the Iewes (in what cities so euer they were) to gather them selues together, and to stonde for their lyfe, and for to rote out, to slaye, and to destroye all the power of the people and londe that wolde trouble them, with children and wemen, and to spoyle their good

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Wherein the King graunted the Iewes (in what cities so euer they were) to gather theselues together, and to stand for their life, & to roote out, to slay & to destroy al the power of the people & of the prouince that vexed them, both children and women, and to spoyle their goods:

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Wherin the king graunted the Iewes in what cities soeuer they were, to gather themselues together, and to stand for their lyfe, and for to roote out, to slay and to destroy all the power of the people and prouince that woulde trouble them, both children and women, and to spoyle their goodes:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Wherein the king granted the Jews which [were] in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, [both] little ones and women, and [to take] the spoil of them for a prey,

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  in which the king granted the Jews who were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, [their] little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  that the king hath given to the Jews who `are' in every city and city, to be assembled, and to stand for their life, to cut off, to slay, and to destroy the whole force of the people and province who are distressing them, infants and women, and their spoil to seize.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  wherein the king granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, `their' little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  wherein the king granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, [their] little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  In these letters the king gave authority to the Jews in every town to come together and make a fight for their lives, and to send death and destruction on the power of any people in any part of the kingdom attacking them or their children or their women, and to take their goods from them by force,

• World English Bible (2000)

  In those letters, the king granted the Jews who were in every city to gather themselves together, and to defend their life, to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, their little ones and women, and to plunder their possessions,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The king thereby allowed the Jews who were in every city to assemble and to stand up for themselves– to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate any army of whatever people or province that should become their adversaries, including their women and children, and to confiscate their property.

Referenced Verses

• Esth 3:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Esther.3.13", "source": "וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃", "text": "*wə-nišlôaḥ* *səp̄ārîm* by-*yad* the-*rāṣîm* to-all-*məḏînôṯ* the-*meleḵ* *lə-hašmîḏ* *la-hărōḡ* and-*lə-ʾabbēḏ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*yəhûḏîm* from-*naʿar* and-until-*zāqēn* *ṭap̄* and-*nāšîm* in-*yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* in-*šəlôšāh* *ʿāśār* to-*ḥōḏeš* *šənêm*-*ʿāśār* it-*ḥōḏeš* *ʾăḏār* and-*šəlālām* *lā-ḇôz*", "grammar": { "*wə-nišlôaḥ*": "conjunction + Niphal infinitive absolute - and sending", "*səp̄ārîm*": "masculine plural - letters/documents", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*rāṣîm*": "masculine plural - runners/couriers", "*məḏînôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king", "*lə-hašmîḏ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to destroy", "*la-hărōḡ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to kill", "*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to annihilate", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yəhûḏîm*": "masculine plural - Jews", "*naʿar*": "masculine singular - young man/boy", "*zāqēn*": "masculine singular - old man", "*ṭap̄*": "masculine singular collective - children", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine singular number - one", "*šəlôšāh*": "cardinal number - three", "*ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - ten", "*ḥōḏeš*": "masculine singular - month", "*šənêm*": "cardinal number - two", "*ʾăḏār*": "proper noun - Adar (month name)", "*šəlālām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunder", "*lā-ḇôz*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to plunder" }, "variants": { "*nišlôaḥ*": "being sent/dispatched", "*səp̄ārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls", "*rāṣîm*": "runners/couriers/messengers", "*lə-hašmîḏ*": "to destroy/exterminate/eliminate", "*la-hărōḡ*": "to kill/slay/murder", "*lə-ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/annihilate/cause to perish", "*naʿar*": "young man/boy/youth", "*zāqēn*": "old man/elder", "*ṭap̄*": "children/little ones", "*šəlālām*": "their plunder/spoil/possessions", "*lā-ḇôz*": "to plunder/spoil/take as prey" } }
• Esth 9:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Esther.9.2", "source": "נִקְהֲל֨וּ הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים בְּעָרֵיהֶ֗ם בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֳחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ יָ֔ד בִּמְבַקְשֵׁ֖י רָֽעָתָ֑ם וְאִישׁ֙ לֹא־עָמַ֣ד לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּחְדָּ֖ם עַל־כָּל־הָעַמִּֽים", "text": "*niqhălû hayyəhûdîm* [assembled the-Jews] in-*ʿārêhem* [their-cities] in-all-*mədînôt* [provinces] *hammelek* [the-king] *ʾăḥašwērôš* [Ahasuerus] *lišlōaḥ yād* [to-stretch-out hand] against-*məbaqšê rāʿātām* [seekers-of their-harm], and-*ʾîš* [man] not-*ʿāmad* [stood] before-them, for-*nāpal paḥdām* [fell their-dread] upon-all-*hāʿammîm* [the-peoples]", "grammar": { "*niqhălû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they assembled/gathered themselves", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*ʿārêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities", "*mədînôt*": "feminine plural noun - provinces", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus/Xerxes", "*lišlōaḥ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to send/stretch out", "*yād*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*məbaqšê*": "Piel participle masculine plural construct - seekers of/those who seek", "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their harm/evil", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/anyone", "*ʿāmad*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - stood/withstood", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - fell/had fallen", "*paḥdām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dread/fear", "*hāʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples/nations" }, "variants": { "*niqhălû*": "assembled/gathered themselves/came together", "*lišlōaḥ yād*": "to stretch out hand/to lay hands on/to harm", "*məbaqšê rāʿātām*": "seekers of their harm/those who sought their evil/those who sought to hurt them", "*ʿāmad*": "stood/withstood/resisted", "*nāpal paḥdām*": "their dread fell/fear of them had fallen/terror of them came" } } 3 { "verseID": "Esther.9.3", "source": "וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת וְהָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְהַפַּח֗וֹת וְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵיהֶֽם", "text": "And-all-*śārê hammədînôt* [officials-of the-provinces] and-*hāʾăḥašdarpənîm* [the-satraps] and-*happaḥôt* [the-governors] and-*ʿōśê hamməlākāh* [doers-of the-work] who for-*lammelek* [the-king] *mənaśśəʾîm* [lifting-up] *ʾet*-*hayyəhûdîm* [the-Jews], for-*nāpal paḥad*-*mārdŏkay* [fell dread-of-Mordecai] upon-them", "grammar": { "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - officials/princes of", "*hammədînôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the provinces", "*hāʾăḥašdarpənîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the satraps", "*happaḥôt*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the governors", "*ʿōśê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - doers of", "*hamməlākāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the work/business", "*lammelek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - for the king", "*mənaśśəʾîm*": "Piel participle masculine plural - lifting up/assisting/helping", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*nāpal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular construct - dread of/fear of", "*mārdŏkay*": "proper noun - Mordecai" }, "variants": { "*śārê*": "officials/princes/nobles", "*hāʾăḥašdarpənîm*": "satraps/provincial governors", "*happaḥôt*": "governors/officials", "*ʿōśê hamməlākāh*": "doers of the work/those who did the king's business/officials", "*mənaśśəʾîm*": "lifting up/helping/assisting/promoting", "*paḥad*": "dread/fear/terror" } } 4 { "verseID": "Esther.9.4", "source": "כִּֽי־גָד֤וֹל מָרְדֳּכַי֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְשָׁמְע֖וֹ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּכָל־הַמְּדִינ֑וֹת כִּֽי־הָאִ֥ישׁ מָרְדֳּכַ֖י הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֽוֹל", "text": "For-*gādôl mārdŏkay* [great Mordecai] in-*bêt hammelek* [house-of the-king] and-*šāmʿô* [his-fame] *hôlēk* [walking] in-all-*hammədînôt* [the-provinces], for-*hāʾîš mārdŏkay* [the-man Mordecai] *hôlēk* [walking] and-*gādôl* [becoming-great]", "grammar": { "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*mārdŏkay*": "proper noun - Mordecai", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*šāmʿô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fame/report", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going/walking/spreading", "*hammədînôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the provinces", "*hāʾîš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/becoming great" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/powerful/important", "*bêt hammelek*": "house of the king/royal court/palace", "*šāmʿô*": "his fame/his reputation/news of him", "*hôlēk*": "walking/going/spreading/increasing", "*hāʾîš mārdŏkay*": "the man Mordecai/Mordecai the man/this man Mordecai", "*hôlēk wəgādôl*": "walking and becoming great/growing greater and greater/continually increasing in power" } } 5 { "verseID": "Esther.9.5", "source": "וַיַּכּ֤וּ הַיְּהוּדִים֙ בְּכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם מַכַּת־חֶ֥רֶב וְהֶ֖רֶג וְאַבְדָ֑ן וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ בְשֹׂנְאֵיהֶ֖ם כִּרְצוֹנָֽם", "text": "And-*yayyakkû hayyəhûdîm* [struck the-Jews] against-all-*ʾōyəbêhem* [their-enemies] *makkat*-*ḥereb* [blow-of sword] and-*hereg* [killing] and-*ʾabdān* [destruction], and-*yaʿăśû* [they-did] to-*śōnəʾêhem* [their-haters] according-to-*kirṣônām* [their-pleasure]", "grammar": { "*yayyakkû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + vav consecutive - and they struck", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*ʾōyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*makkat*": "feminine singular construct - blow of/striking of", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*hereg*": "masculine singular noun - killing/slaughter", "*ʾabdān*": "masculine singular noun - destruction/annihilation", "*yaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + vav consecutive - and they did/made", "*śōnəʾêhem*": "Qal participle masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their haters", "*kirṣônām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - according to their pleasure/will" }, "variants": { "*yayyakkû*": "struck/attacked/smote", "*makkat-ḥereb*": "blow of sword/sword-stroke/slaughter by sword", "*hereg*": "killing/slaughter/massacre", "*ʾabdān*": "destruction/annihilation/perdition", "*yaʿăśû bəśōnəʾêhem kirṣônām*": "did to their haters according to their pleasure/did what they wanted with those who hated them/treated their enemies as they pleased" } } 6 { "verseID": "Esther.9.6", "source": "וּבְשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֗ה הָרְג֤וּ הַיְּהוּדִים֙ וְאַבֵּ֔ד חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ", "text": "And-in-*šûšan habbîrāh* [Susa the-citadel] *hārgû hayyəhûdîm* [killed the-Jews] and-*ʾabbēd* [destroyed] *ḥămēš mēʾôt ʾîš* [five hundred men]", "grammar": { "*šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*habbîrāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the citadel/palace/capital", "*hārgû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they killed", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*ʾabbēd*": "Piel infinitive absolute - destroying/to destroy", "*ḥămēš*": "cardinal number feminine - five", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun (collective) - men/persons" }, "variants": { "*habbîrāh*": "the citadel/the palace/the capital", "*hārgû*": "killed/slew/put to death", "*ʾabbēd*": "destroyed/annihilated/exterminated", "*ḥămēš mēʾôt ʾîš*": "five hundred men/five hundred persons" } } 7 { "verseID": "Esther.9.7", "source": "וְאֵ֧ת ׀ פַּרְשַׁנְדָּ֛תָא וְאֵ֥ת ׀ דַּֽלְפ֖וֹן וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אַסְפָּֽתָא", "text": "And-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *paršandātāʾ* [Parshandatha] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *dalpôn* [Dalphon] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʾaspātāʾ* [Aspatha]", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*paršandātāʾ*": "proper noun - Parshandatha", "*dalpôn*": "proper noun - Dalphon", "*ʾaspātāʾ*": "proper noun - Aspatha" }, "variants": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker (untranslatable in English)" } } 8 { "verseID": "Esther.9.8", "source": "וְאֵ֧ת ׀ פּוֹרָ֛תָא וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲדַלְיָ֖א וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲרִידָֽתָא", "text": "And-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *pôrātāʾ* [Poratha] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʾădalyāʾ* [Adalia] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʾărîdātāʾ* [Aridatha]", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*pôrātāʾ*": "proper noun - Poratha", "*ʾădalyāʾ*": "proper noun - Adalia", "*ʾărîdātāʾ*": "proper noun - Aridatha" }, "variants": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker (untranslatable in English)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Esther.9.9", "source": "וְאֵ֤ת ׀ פַּרְמַ֙שְׁתָּא֙ וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֲרִיסַ֔י וְאֵ֥ת ׀ אֲרִדַ֖י וְאֵ֥ת ׀ וַיְזָֽתָא", "text": "And-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *parmaštāʾ* [Parmashta] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʾărîsay* [Arisai] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʾăriday* [Aridai] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *wayzātāʾ* [Vaizatha]", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*parmaštāʾ*": "proper noun - Parmashta", "*ʾărîsay*": "proper noun - Arisai", "*ʾăriday*": "proper noun - Aridai", "*wayzātāʾ*": "proper noun - Vaizatha" }, "variants": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker (untranslatable in English)" } } 10 { "verseID": "Esther.9.10", "source": "עֲ֠שֶׂרֶת בְּנֵ֨י הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא צֹרֵ֥ר הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים הָרָ֑גוּ וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם", "text": "*ʿăśeret bənê hāmān ben*-*hammədātāʾ* [ten sons-of Haman son-of-Hammedatha] *ṣōrēr hayyəhûdîm* [enemy-of the-Jews] *hārāgû* [they-killed], and-in-the-*bizzāh* [plunder] not *šāləḥû* [they-stretched-out] *ʾet*-*yādām* [their-hand]", "grammar": { "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number construct - ten (of)", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*hammədātāʾ*": "definite article + proper noun - Hammedatha", "*ṣōrēr*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - enemy of/adversary of", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*hārāgû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they killed", "*bizzāh*": "feminine singular noun - plunder/spoil", "*šāləḥû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they stretched out/sent", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yādām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand" }, "variants": { "*ṣōrēr*": "enemy of/adversary of/one who harasses", "*bizzāh*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*šāləḥû ʾet-yādām*": "they stretched out their hand/they laid hands on/they did not touch" } } 11 { "verseID": "Esther.9.11", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא בָּ֣א מִסְפַּ֧ר הֽ͏ַהֲרוּגִ֛ים בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ", "text": "In-the-*yôm* [day] *hahûʾ* [that] *bāʾ mispar hahărûgîm* [came number-of the-slain] in-*šûšan habbîrāh* [Susa the-citadel] before *hammelek* [the-king]", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came/was brought", "*mispar*": "masculine singular construct - number of", "*hahărûgîm*": "definite article + Qal passive participle masculine plural - the slain/killed ones", "*šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*habbîrāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the citadel/palace", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king" }, "variants": { "*bāʾ mispar*": "came the number/was reported the number/was brought the count", "*hahărûgîm*": "the slain/those killed/those put to death", "*lipnê hammelek*": "before the king/into the king's presence" } } 12 { "verseID": "Esther.9.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֗ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֡ה הָרְגוּ֩ הַיְּהוּדִ֨ים וְאַבֵּ֜ד חֲמֵ֧שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וְאֵת֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֔ן בִּשְׁאָ֛ר מְדִינ֥וֹת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑וּ וּמַה־שְּׁאֵֽלָתֵךְ֙ וְיִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֔ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד וְתֵעָֽשׂ", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer hammelek* [said the-king] to-*ʾestēr hammalkāh* [Esther the-queen], in-*šûšan habbîrāh* [Susa the-citadel] *hārgû hayyəhûdîm* [killed the-Jews] and-*ʾabbēd* [destroyed] *ḥămēš mēʾôt ʾîš* [five hundred men] and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʿăśeret bənê*-*hāmān* [ten sons-of-Haman], in-*šəʾār mədînôt hammelek* [rest provinces-of the-king] what *ʿāśû* [they-have-done]? And-what-*ššəʾēlātēk* [your-request] and-*yinnātēn* [it-shall-be-given] to-you, and-what-*baqqāšātēk* [your-petition] further and-*tēʿāś* [it-shall-be-done]", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + vav consecutive - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾestēr*": "proper noun - Esther", "*hammalkāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the queen", "*šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*habbîrāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the citadel/palace", "*hārgû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they killed", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*ʾabbēd*": "Piel infinitive absolute - destroying", "*ḥămēš*": "cardinal number feminine - five", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun (collective) - men", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number construct - ten of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*šəʾār*": "masculine singular construct - rest of/remainder of", "*mədînôt*": "feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did/have done", "*ššəʾēlātēk*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your request", "*yinnātēn*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it shall be given", "*baqqāšātēk*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your petition", "*tēʿāś*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it shall be done" }, "variants": { "*ʾabbēd*": "destroyed/annihilated/exterminated", "*šəʾār*": "rest/remainder/other", "*ššəʾēlātēk*": "your request/your petition/what you ask", "*yinnātēn*": "it shall be given/will be granted/let it be given", "*baqqāšātēk*": "your petition/your request/what you desire", "*tēʿāś*": "it shall be done/will be performed/let it be carried out" } } 13 { "verseID": "Esther.9.13", "source": "וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֶסְתֵּר֙ אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֔וֹב יִנָּתֵ֣ן גַּם־מָחָ֗ר לַיְּהוּדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשׁוּשָׁ֔ן לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת כְּדָ֣ת הַיּ֑וֹם וְאֵ֛ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן יִתְל֥וּ עַל־הָעֵֽץ", "text": "And-*wattōʾmer ʾestēr* [said Esther], if-upon-*hammelek* [the-king] *ṭôb* [good], *yinnātēn* [let-be-given] also-*māḥār* [tomorrow] to-*hayyəhûdîm* [the-Jews] who in-*šûšān* [Susa] *laʿăśôt* [to-do] according-to-*dāt* [decree] *hayyôm* [the-day], and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʿăśeret bənê*-*hāmān* [ten sons-of-Haman] *yitlû* [let-them-hang] upon-*hāʿēṣ* [the-tree/gallows]", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + vav consecutive - and she said", "*ʾestēr*": "proper noun - Esther", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good/pleasing", "*yinnātēn*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be given", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*šûšān*": "proper noun - Susa", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*dāt*": "feminine singular construct - decree/law of", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number construct - ten of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*yitlû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them hang", "*hāʿēṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the tree/gallows/wooden pole" }, "variants": { "*ʾim-ʿal-hammelek ṭôb*": "if it pleases the king/if it seems good to the king", "*yinnātēn*": "let it be given/may it be granted/be permitted", "*kədāt hayyôm*": "according to the decree of today/as they did today/according to today's law", "*yitlû*": "let them hang/may they impale/let them display on a stake", "*hāʿēṣ*": "the tree/the gallows/the wooden pole" } } 14 { "verseID": "Esther.9.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְהֵֽעָשׂ֣וֹת כֵּ֔ן וַתִּנָּתֵ֥ן דָּ֖ת בְּשׁוּשָׁ֑ן וְאֵ֛ת עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֖ן תָּלֽוּ", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer hammelek* [said the-king] *ləhēʿāśôt* [to-be-done] so, and-*wattinnātēn dāt* [was-given decree] in-*šûšān* [Susa], and-*ʾēt* [direct object marker] *ʿăśeret bənê*-*hāmān* [ten sons-of-Haman] *tālû* [they-hanged]", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + vav consecutive - and he said", "*hammelek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ləhēʿāśôt*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - to be done", "*wattinnātēn*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + vav consecutive - and was given", "*dāt*": "feminine singular noun - decree/law", "*šûšān*": "proper noun - Susa", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăśeret*": "cardinal number construct - ten of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*tālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they hanged" }, "variants": { "*ləhēʿāśôt*": "to be done/to be carried out", "*wattinnātēn dāt*": "was given decree/a decree was issued/law was proclaimed", "*tālû*": "they hanged/they impaled/they displayed on stakes" } } 15 { "verseID": "Esther.9.15", "source": "וַיִּֽקָּהֲל֞וּ *היהודיים **הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁר־בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן גַּ֠ם בְּי֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר וַיּֽ͏ַהַרְג֣וּ בְשׁוּשָׁ֔ן שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyiqqāhălû hayyəhûdîm* [assembled the-Jews] who-in-*šûšān* [Susa], also in-*yôm ʾarbāʿāh ʿāśār* [day fourteen] to-*ḥōdeš ʾădār* [month Adar], and-*wayyahargû* [they-killed] in-*šûšān* [Susa] *šəlōš mēʾôt ʾîš* [three hundred men], and-in-the-*bizzāh* [plunder] not *šāləḥû* [they-stretched-out] *ʾet*-*yādām* [their-hand]", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqāhălû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + vav consecutive - and they assembled", "*hayyəhûdîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Jews", "*šûšān*": "proper noun - Susa", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day", "*ʾarbāʿāh ʿāśār*": "cardinal number - fourteen", "*ḥōdeš*": "masculine singular construct - month", "*ʾădār*": "proper noun - Adar", "*wayyahargû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + vav consecutive - and they killed", "*šəlōš*": "cardinal number feminine - three", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun (collective) - men", "*bizzāh*": "feminine singular noun - plunder/spoil", "*šāləḥû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they stretched out/sent", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yādām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqqāhălû*": "assembled/gathered themselves/came together", "*bizzāh*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*šāləḥû ʾet-yādām*": "they stretched out their hand/they laid hands on/they touched" } } 16 { "verseID": "Esther.9.16", "source": "וּשְׁאָ֣ר הַיְּהוּדִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בִּמְדִינ֨וֹת הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ נִקְהֲל֣וּ ׀ וְעָמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁ֗ם וְנ֙וֹחַ֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָרֹג֙ בְּשֹׂ֣נְאֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֥ה וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וּבַ֨בִּזָּ֔ה לֹ֥א שָֽׁלְח֖וּ אֶת־יָדָֽם", "text": "And *šeʾār* the *yehûdîm* who in *mᵉdînôt* the *melek* *niqhălû* and *ʿāmōd* upon-*nepeš*-their and *nôaḥ* from-*ʾōyᵉḇêhem* and *hārōg* against-*śōnᵉʾêhem* five and seventy thousand, and in-the-*bizzâ* not *šālḥû* *ʾet*-hand-their", "grammar": { "*šeʾār*": "construct noun, masculine singular - rest/remainder of", "*yehûdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Jews", "*mᵉdînôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - provinces of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*niqhălû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - assembled/gathered themselves", "*ʿāmōd*": "Qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life/soul/self", "*nôaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to rest/find relief", "*ʾōyᵉḇêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*hārōg*": "Qal infinitive absolute - killing", "*śōnᵉʾêhem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their haters/those hating them", "*bizzâ*": "noun, feminine singular - plunder/spoil", "*šālḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they sent/stretched out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*šeʾār*": "remainder/rest/residue", "*niqhălû*": "gathered themselves/assembled/congregated", "*ʿāmōd*": "standing/taking a stand", "*nepeš*": "life/soul/self/person", "*nôaḥ*": "resting/having relief/respite", "*hārōg*": "killing/slaying", "*bizzâ*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*šālḥû*": "sent/stretched out/reached" } }
• Ps 37:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.14", "source": "חֶ֤רֶב ׀ פָּֽתְח֣וּ רְשָׁעִים֮ וְדָרְכ֢וּ קַ֫שְׁתָּ֥ם לְ֭הַפִּיל עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן לִ֝טְב֗וֹחַ יִשְׁרֵי־דָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥereb* *pātəḥû rəšāʿîm* and they have bent their *qaštām* to cause to fall *ʿānî wəʾebyôn*, to *liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*.", "grammar": { "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*pātəḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have drawn", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - wicked ones", "*wədārəkû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they have bent/drawn", "*qaštām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bow", "*ləhappîl*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall/to bring down", "*ʿānî*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - poor/afflicted", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective/noun - and needy", "*liṭbôaḥ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to slaughter/kill", "*yišrê*": "masculine plural construct adjective - upright ones of", "*dārek*": "masculine singular noun - way/path" }, "variants": { "*pātəḥû ḥereb*": "have drawn the sword/have unsheathed the sword", "*dārəkû qaštām*": "have bent their bow/have strung their bow", "*ʿānî wəʾebyôn*": "poor and needy/afflicted and destitute", "*liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*": "to slaughter the upright of way/to kill those who are upright in conduct" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.15", "source": "חַ֭רְבָּם תָּב֣וֹא בְלִבָּ֑ם וְ֝קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֗ם תִּשָּׁבַֽרְנָה׃", "text": "Their *ḥarbām* will *tābôʾ* into their own *libbām*, and their *qaššətôtām* will *tiššābarnâ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥarbām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sword", "*tābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will enter", "*bəlibbām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - into their heart", "*qaššətôtām*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bows", "*tiššābarnâ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be broken" }, "variants": { "*tābôʾ bəlibbām*": "will enter their own heart/will pierce their own heart", "*tiššābarnâ*": "will be broken/will be shattered" } }
• Ezek 39:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.10", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִשְׂא֨וּ עֵצִ֜ים מִן־הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה וְלֹ֤א יַחְטְבוּ֙ מִן־הַיְּעָרִ֔ים כִּ֥י בַנֶּ֖שֶׁק יְבַֽעֲרוּ־אֵ֑שׁ וְשָׁלְל֣וּ אֶת־שֹׁלְלֵיהֶ֗ם וּבָֽזְזוּ֙ אֶת־בֹּ֣זְזֵיהֶ֔ם נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה", "text": "And they shall not *yiśəʾû* *ʿēṣîm* from the *śādeh* and they shall not *yaḥṭəbû* from the *yəʿārîm*, for with the *nešeq* they shall *yəbaʿărû*-*ʾēš*; and they shall *šāləlû* their *šōləlêhem* and *bāzəzû* their *bōzəzêhem*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yiśəʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will carry/take/lift", "*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wood/trees", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*yaḥṭəbû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will cut/hew/chop", "*yəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the forests", "*nešeq*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the weapon/armor", "*yəbaʿărû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd plural - they will burn/kindle", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*šāləlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will plunder/spoil", "*šōləlêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their plunderers", "*bāzəzû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will despoil/plunder", "*bōzəzêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their despoilers", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*yaḥṭəbû*": "cut/hew/chop wood", "*šāləlû*": "plunder/spoil/take as spoil", "*bāzəzû*": "despoil/plunder/take as booty" } }
• Ps 68:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.68.3", "source": "כְּהִנְדֹּ֥ף עָשָׁ֗ן תִּ֫נְדֹּ֥ף כְּהִמֵּ֣ס דּ֭וֹנַג מִפְּנֵי־אֵ֑שׁ יֹאבְד֥וּ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים מִפְּנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*kə-hindōp* *ʿāšān* *tindōp* *kə-himmēs* *dônag* *mippənê*-*ʾēš* *yōʾbədû* *rəšāʿîm* *mippənê* *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*kə-hindōp*": "preposition כְּ (as/like) + Niphal infinitive construct of נדף - 'as being driven away'", "*ʿāšān*": "masculine singular noun - 'smoke'", "*tindōp*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will drive away'", "*kə-himmēs*": "preposition כְּ (as/like) + Niphal infinitive construct of מסס - 'as melting'", "*dônag*": "masculine singular noun - 'wax'", "*mippənê*": "preposition מִן (from) + construct state of פָּנִים (face) - 'from the face/presence of'", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - 'fire'", "*yōʾbədû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will perish'", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - 'wicked ones'", "*mippənê*": "preposition מִן (from) + construct state of פָּנִים (face) - 'from the face/presence of'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with singular meaning - 'God'" }, "variants": { "*hindōp*": "being driven away/being dispersed", "*himmēs*": "melting/dissolving", "*dônag*": "wax/beeswax", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil people/unrighteous ones" } }
• Ps 137:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.137.8", "source": "בַּת־בָּבֶ֗ל הַשְּׁד֫וּדָ֥ה אַשְׁרֵ֥י שֶׁיְשַׁלֶּם־לָ֑ךְ אֶת־גְּ֝מוּלֵ֗ךְ שֶׁגָּמַ֥לְתְּ לָֽנוּ׃", "text": "*bat*-*Bābel* *haššᵉdūdāh* *ʾašrē* *šeyyᵉšallem*-to you *ʾet*-*gᵉmūlēk* *šeggāmalt* to us", "grammar": { "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*haššᵉdūdāh*": "definite article + Qal passive participle, feminine singular - the devastated one", "*ʾašrē*": "masculine plural construct - happy/blessed", "*šeyyᵉšallem*": "relative particle + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - who will repay", "*gᵉmūlēk*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your recompense", "*šeggāmalt*": "relative particle + Qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - which you dealt" }, "variants": { "*bat*-*Bābel*": "daughter of Babylon/Babylon personified", "*haššᵉdūdāh*": "the devastated one/the one to be destroyed/doomed to destruction", "*ʾašrē*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*šeyyᵉšallem*": "who repays/the one who will repay", "*gᵉmūlēk*": "your recompense/what you deserve/your deeds", "*šeggāmalt*": "that you dealt/that you did/as you served" } }
• Ps 146:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.6", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֤ה ׀ שָׁ֘מַ֤יִם וָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑ם הַשֹּׁמֵ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʿoseh* *shamayim* *wa-ʾarets* *ʾet*-*ha-yam* *we-ʾet*-*kol*-*ʾasher*-*bam* *ha-shomer* *ʾemet* *le-ʿolam*", "grammar": { "*ʿoseh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - making/maker of", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*wa-ʾarets*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and earth", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yam*": "definite article + noun, masculine, singular - the sea", "*we-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all of", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*bam*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ha-shomer*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine, singular - the one keeping", "*ʾemet*": "noun, feminine, singular - truth/faithfulness", "*le-ʿolam*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - forever/for eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʿoseh*": "maker of/who makes", "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/fidelity", "*le-ʿolam*": "forever/for eternity/perpetually" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.7", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֤ה מִשְׁפָּ֨ט ׀ לָעֲשׁוּקִ֗ים נֹתֵ֣ן לֶ֭חֶם לָרְעֵבִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה מַתִּ֥יר אֲסוּרִֽים׃", "text": "*ʿoseh* *mishpat* *la-ʿashuqim* *noten* *leḥem* *la-reʿebim* *YHWH* *mattir* *ʾasurim*", "grammar": { "*ʿoseh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - executing/doing", "*mishpat*": "noun, masculine, singular - justice/judgment", "*la-ʿashuqim*": "preposition + qal passive participle, masculine, plural - for the oppressed", "*noten*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - giving", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine, singular - bread/food", "*la-reʿebim*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine, plural - to the hungry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*mattir*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - releasing/setting free", "*ʾasurim*": "qal passive participle, masculine, plural - prisoners/those who are bound" }, "variants": { "*mishpat*": "justice/judgment/right", "*ʿashuqim*": "oppressed/exploited", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*mattir*": "sets free/releases/liberates", "*ʾasurim*": "prisoners/bound ones/captives" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.8", "source": "יְהוָ֤ה ׀ פֹּ֘קֵ֤חַ עִוְרִ֗ים יְ֭הוָה זֹקֵ֣ף כְּפוּפִ֑ים יְ֝הוָ֗ה אֹהֵ֥ב צַדִּיקִֽים׃", "text": "*YHWH* *poqeaḥ* *ʿiwrim* *YHWH* *zoqeph* *kephupphim* *YHWH* *ʾoheb* *tsaddiqim*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*poqeaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - opening [the eyes of]", "*ʿiwrim*": "adjective, masculine, plural - blind", "*zoqeph*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - raising up/straightening", "*kephupphim*": "qal passive participle, masculine, plural - bowed down", "*ʾoheb*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - loving", "*tsaddiqim*": "adjective, masculine, plural - righteous ones" }, "variants": { "*poqeaḥ*": "opens [the eyes of]/gives sight to", "*ʿiwrim*": "blind ones/the blind", "*zoqeph*": "raises up/straightens/makes upright", "*kephupphim*": "bowed down/bent over/oppressed", "*tsaddiqim*": "righteous ones/just ones/those who are righteous" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.9", "source": "יְהוָ֤ה ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤ר אֶת־גֵּרִ֗ים יָת֣וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֣ה יְעוֹדֵ֑ד וְדֶ֖רֶךְ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יְעַוֵּֽת׃", "text": "*YHWH* *shomer* *ʾet*-*gerim* *yatom* *we-ʾalmanah* *yeʿoded* *we-derekh* *reshaʿim* *yeʿawwet*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*shomer*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - watching over/protecting", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gerim*": "noun, masculine, plural - sojourners/foreigners/strangers", "*yatom*": "noun, masculine, singular - orphan/fatherless", "*we-ʾalmanah*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and widow", "*yeʿoded*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - upholds/supports", "*we-derekh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular construct - but [the] way of", "*reshaʿim*": "adjective, masculine, plural - wicked ones", "*yeʿawwet*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he makes crooked/thwarts" }, "variants": { "*shomer*": "watches over/protects/preserves", "*gerim*": "sojourners/foreigners/resident aliens", "*yeʿoded*": "upholds/supports/sustains/strengthens", "*yeʿawwet*": "makes crooked/thwarts/frustrates/brings to ruin" } }
• Isa 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.6", "source": "בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל־עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצוֹת", "text": "*begôy* *ḥānēp̄* *ʾăšalleḥennû* *weʿal*-*ʿam* *ʿebrātî* *ʾăṣawwennû* *lišlōl* *šālāl* *welābōz* *baz* *ûleśûmô* *mirmās* *keḥōmer* *ḥûṣôt*", "grammar": { "*begôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation", "*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine singular - godless/profane/impious", "*ʾăšalleḥennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will send him", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and against", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʿebrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*ʾăṣawwennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will command him", "*lišlōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to plunder", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil", "*welābōz*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to seize", "*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/booty", "*ûleśûmô*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to make it", "*mirmās*": "noun, masculine singular - trampling place/trodden thing", "*keḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mire", "*ḥûṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/outside places" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious/hypocritical", "*ʿebrātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/anger", "*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/prey/booty", "*baz*": "spoil/booty/prey", "*mirmās*": "trampling place/thing trodden down", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mire/mud", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/marketplaces" } }