1 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.1",
"source": "אִם־בַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב וְהֻכָּ֣ה וָמֵ֑ת אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "If in *maḥteret* *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb* and *hûkkâ* and *wāmēt*, *ʾên* to him *dāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*maḥteret*": "feminine noun, singular, 'breaking in/tunnel'",
"*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'",
"*gannāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular, 'thief'",
"*hûkkâ*": "hophol perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is struck'",
"*wāmēt*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and dies'",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is not'",
"*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'blood/bloodguilt'",
"לו": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to/for him'"
},
"variants": {
"*maḥteret*": "tunnel/breach/breaking in",
"*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodguilt/bloodshed"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.2",
"source": "אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "If *zārĕḥâ* the *šemeš* upon him, *dāmîm* to him; *šallēm yĕšallēm*. If *ʾên* to him, then *wĕnimkar* for his *gĕnēbātô*.",
"grammar": {
"*zārĕḥâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'rises/shines'",
"*šemeš*": "definite noun, feminine singular, 'sun'",
"*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'blood/bloodguilt'",
"*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall surely repay/compensate'",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is not'",
"*wĕnimkar*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall be sold'",
"*gĕnēbātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his theft'"
},
"variants": {
"*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodguilt/liability for bloodshed",
"*gĕnēbātô*": "his theft/what he stole"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.3",
"source": "אִֽם־הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א בְיָד֜וֹ הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה מִשּׁ֧וֹר עַד־חֲמ֛וֹר עַד־שֶׂ֖ה חַיִּ֑ים שְׁנַ֖יִם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "If *himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ* in his *yād* the *gĕnēbâ*, from *šôr* until *ḥămôr* until *śeh ḥayyîm*, *šĕnayim yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'is certainly found'",
"*yād*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'",
"*gĕnēbâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'the stolen thing'",
"*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'",
"*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'",
"*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'",
"*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural adjective, 'living'",
"*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ*": "is certainly found/if indeed found",
"*gĕnēbâ*": "stolen item/theft"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.4",
"source": "כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־*בעירה **בְּעִיר֔וֹ וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם",
"text": "When *yabʿer*-*ʾîš* *śādeh* or-*kerem* and *wĕšillaḥ* *ʾet*-*bĕʿîrô* and *ûbiʿēr* in *śādeh ʾaḥēr*, from *mêṭab śādēhû* and from *mêṭab karmô yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*yabʿer*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'causes to burn/consume'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'field'",
"*kerem*": "masculine singular noun, 'vineyard'",
"*wĕšillaḥ*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and lets loose'",
"*bĕʿîrô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his cattle/beast'",
"*ûbiʿēr*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it grazes/consumes'",
"*śādeh ʾaḥēr*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective, 'another field'",
"*mêṭab*": "masculine singular construct, 'best of'",
"*śādēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his field'",
"*karmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his vineyard'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*yabʿer*": "causes to burn/consumes/destroys",
"*bĕʿîrô*": "his cattle/livestock/beast",
"*ûbiʿēr*": "feeds upon/grazes/consumes"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.5",
"source": "כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ וּמָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְנֶאֱכַ֣ל גָּדִ֔ישׁ א֥וֹ הַקָּמָ֖ה א֣וֹ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם הַמַּבְעִ֖ר אֶת־הַבְּעֵרָֽה׃",
"text": "When *tēṣēʾ ʾēš* and *ûmāṣĕʾâ qōṣîm* and *wĕneʾĕkal gādîš* or the *qāmâ* or the *śādeh*; *šallēm yĕšallēm* the *mabʿir ʾet*-the *bĕʿērâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'goes out/breaks out'",
"*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun, 'fire'",
"*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd feminine singular, 'and finds'",
"*qōṣîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'thorns'",
"*wĕneʾĕkal*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and is consumed'",
"*gādîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'stack of grain/standing grain'",
"*qāmâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'standing grain'",
"*śādeh*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'field'",
"*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'shall surely repay'",
"*mabʿir*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular, 'the one who causes to burn'",
"*bĕʿērâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'burning/fire'"
},
"variants": {
"*gādîš*": "stack of grain/sheaves/harvested crop",
"*qāmâ*": "standing grain/unharvested crop",
"*mabʿir*": "one who starts/kindles/causes burning"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.6",
"source": "כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ כֶּ֤סֶף אֽוֹ־כֵלִים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגֻנַּ֖ב מִבֵּ֣ית הָאִ֑ישׁ אִם־יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנָֽיִם׃",
"text": "When *yittēn ʾîš* to *rēʿēhû kesef* or-*kēlîm lišmōr*, and *wĕgunnab* from *bêt* the *ʾîš*; if *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb*, *yĕšallēm šĕnāyim*.",
"grammar": {
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*kesef*": "masculine singular noun, 'silver/money'",
"*kēlîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'vessels/articles/goods'",
"*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'",
"*wĕgunnab*": "pual perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it is stolen'",
"*bêt*": "masculine singular construct, 'house of'",
"*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'",
"*gannāb*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'thief'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*šĕnāyim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'"
},
"variants": {
"*kesef*": "silver/money/valuables",
"*kēlîm*": "vessels/articles/belongings/goods",
"*gunnab*": "is stolen/gets stolen"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.7",
"source": "אִם־לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ הַגַּנָּ֔ב וְנִקְרַ֥ב בַּֽעַל־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "If not *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb*, and *wĕniqrab baʿal*-the *bayit* to the *ʾĕlōhîm*, if not *šālaḥ yādô* into *mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'",
"*gannāb*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'thief'",
"*wĕniqrab*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall be brought near'",
"*baʿal*": "masculine singular construct, 'owner of'",
"*bayit*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'house'",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'sent/put'",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'",
"*mĕleʾket*": "feminine singular construct, 'work/property of'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/judges/authorities",
"*šālaḥ yādô*": "put forth his hand/laid his hand/misappropriated",
"*mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor's property/goods/belongings"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.8",
"source": "עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "For every *dĕbar*-*pešaʿ*, for *šôr*, for *ḥămôr*, for *śeh*, for *śalmâ*, for every *ʾăbēdâ*, which *yōʾmar* that it *hûʾ zeh*, unto the *ʾĕlōhîm* shall come *dĕbar*-*šĕnêhem*; whom *yaršîʿun ʾĕlōhîm*, *yĕšallēm šĕnayim lĕrēʿēhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'matter of/case of'",
"*pešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'transgression/breach of trust'",
"*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'",
"*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'",
"*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'",
"*śalmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'garment/cloak'",
"*ʾăbēdâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'lost thing'",
"*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he will say'",
"*hûʾ zeh*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun + demonstrative pronoun, 'this is it'",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'",
"*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'case/matter of'",
"*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'of both of them'",
"*yaršîʿun*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall condemn'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'",
"*lĕrēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to his neighbor'"
},
"variants": {
"*dĕbar-pešaʿ*": "case of trespass/breach of trust/transgression",
"*ʾăbēdâ*": "lost item/missing property",
"*yaršîʿun*": "condemn/declare guilty/convict"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.9",
"source": "כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃",
"text": "When *yittēn ʾîš* to *rēʿēhû ḥămôr* or-*šôr* or-*śeh* and all-*bĕhēmâ lišmōr*, and *ûmēt* or-*nišbar* or-*nišbâ ʾên rōʾeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'",
"*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'",
"*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'",
"*bĕhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'animal/beast'",
"*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'",
"*ûmēt*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it dies'",
"*nišbar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is broken/injured'",
"*nišbâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is taken captive/driven away'",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is no'",
"*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular, 'one seeing/witness'"
},
"variants": {
"*nišbar*": "is injured/broken/harmed",
"*nišbâ*": "is captured/driven away/stolen",
"*ʾên rōʾeh*": "no one seeing/without witness"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.10",
"source": "שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְלָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "*Šĕbuʿat YHWH tihyeh* between *šĕnêhem* if not *šālaḥ yādô* into *mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*, and *wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw* and not *yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*Šĕbuʿat*": "feminine singular construct, 'oath of'",
"YHWH": "divine name",
"*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'it shall be'",
"*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'both of them'",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'sent/put'",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'",
"*mĕleʾket*": "feminine singular construct, 'work/property of'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*wĕlāqaḥ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall take'",
"*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*Šĕbuʿat YHWH*": "oath of YHWH/swearing by YHWH",
"*šālaḥ yādô*": "put forth his hand/misappropriated/took",
"*wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw*": "the owner shall accept/take it"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.11",
"source": "וְאִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמּ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃",
"text": "And if *gānōb yiggānēb* from with him, *yĕšallēm libʿālāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*gānōb yiggānēb*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely stolen'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*libʿālāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to its owners'"
},
"variants": {
"*gānōb yiggānēb*": "is surely stolen/certainly taken/definitely stolen",
"*libʿālāyw*": "to its owner/to the owner"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.12",
"source": "אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "If *ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*, *yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*; the *ṭĕrēpâ* not *yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely torn'",
"*yĕbîʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'he shall bring it'",
"*ʿēd*": "masculine singular noun, 'witness/evidence'",
"*ṭĕrēpâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'torn thing'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "is surely torn/certainly mauled by beast",
"*yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*": "he shall bring it as evidence/witness"
}
}