Exodus 22:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.22.2", "source": "אִם־זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "If *zārĕḥâ* the *šemeš* upon him, *dāmîm* to him; *šallēm yĕšallēm*. If *ʾên* to him, then *wĕnimkar* for his *gĕnēbātô*.", "grammar": { "*zārĕḥâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'rises/shines'", "*šemeš*": "definite noun, feminine singular, 'sun'", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'blood/bloodguilt'", "*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall surely repay/compensate'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is not'", "*wĕnimkar*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall be sold'", "*gĕnēbātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his theft'" }, "variants": { "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodguilt/liability for bloodshed", "*gĕnēbātô*": "his theft/what he stole" } }

Additional Resources

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Matt 24:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.43", "source": "Ἐκεῖνο δὲ γινώσκετε, ὅτι εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης ποίᾳ φυλακῇ ὁ κλέπτης ἔρχεται, ἐγρηγόρησεν ἂν, καὶ οὐκ ἂν εἴασεν διορυγῆναι τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ.", "text": "But that *ginōskete*, that if *ēdei* the *oikodespotēs* what *phylakē* the *kleptēs* *erchetai*, he *egrēgorēsen* would, and not would *eiasen* *diorygēnai* the *oikian* of him.", "grammar": { "*ginōskete*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - know", "*ēdei*": "pluperfect active with imperfect meaning, 3rd person singular - had known", "*oikodespotēs*": "nominative masculine singular - master of house", "*phylakē*": "dative feminine singular - watch/period of night", "*kleptēs*": "nominative masculine singular - thief", "*erchetai*": "present middle/passive, 3rd person singular - comes", "*egrēgorēsen*": "aorist active, 3rd person singular - would have watched", "*eiasen*": "aorist active, 3rd person singular - would have allowed", "*diorygēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be broken into", "*oikian*": "accusative feminine singular - house" }, "variants": { "*ginōskete*": "know/understand/be aware", "*ēdei*": "had known/was aware", "*oikodespotēs*": "master of house/householder", "*phylakē*": "watch/period of night/guard duty", "*kleptēs*": "thief/robber", "*erchetai*": "comes/arrives", "*egrēgorēsen*": "would have watched/stayed awake/been alert", "*eiasen*": "would have allowed/permitted", "*diorygēnai*": "to be broken into/dug through", "*oikian*": "house/home/residence" } }
  • Num 35:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.27", "source": "וּמָצָ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם מִח֕וּץ לִגְב֖וּל עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ וְרָצַ֞ח גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אֶת־הָ֣רֹצֵ֔חַ אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּֽם׃", "text": "And *ûmāṣāʾ* him *gōʾēl* *haddām* from *miḥûṣ* to *gəḇûl* city *miqlāṭô* and *wərāṣaḥ* *gōʾēl* *haddām* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* *ʾên* to him *dām*.", "grammar": { "*ûmāṣāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he finds", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from outside", "*gəḇûl*": "masculine singular noun construct - border of", "*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge", "*wərāṣaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kills", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*gəḇûl*": "border/boundary/territory", "*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum", "*rāṣaḥ*": "kill/murder/slay", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*ʾên lô dām*": "idiom: 'there is no bloodguilt for him'" } }
  • Matt 6:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Matthew.6.19", "source": "Μὴ θησαυρίζετε ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὅπου σὴς καὶ βρῶσις ἀφανίζει, καὶ ὅπου κλέπται διορύσσουσιν καὶ κλέπτουσιν:", "text": "*Mē thēsaurizete* to you *thēsaurous* upon the *gēs*, where *sēs* and *brōsis aphanizei*, and where *kleptai dioryssousin* and *kleptousin*:", "grammar": { "*Mē thēsaurizete*": "negative particle + present active imperative, 2nd plural - do not store up", "*thēsaurous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - treasures", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*sēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - moth", "*brōsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - rust/eating/corrosion", "*aphanizei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - destroys/consumes", "*kleptai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - thieves", "*dioryssousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - break through/dig through", "*kleptousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - steal" }, "variants": { "*thēsaurizete*": "store up/lay up/accumulate", "*thēsaurous*": "treasures/wealth/stored valuables", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground/soil", "*sēs*": "moth/cloth-eating insect", "*brōsis*": "rust/eating/corrosion/consumption", "*aphanizei*": "destroys/consumes/ruins", "*kleptai*": "thieves/robbers", "*dioryssousin*": "break through/dig through/burgle", "*kleptousin*": "steal/take secretly/pilfer" } } 20 { "verseID": "Matthew.6.20", "source": "Θησαυρίζετε δὲ ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐν οὐρανῷ, ὅπου οὔτε σὴς οὔτε βρῶσις ἀφανίζει, καὶ ὅπου κλέπται οὐ διορύσσουσιν οὐδὲ κλέπτουσιν:", "text": "*Thēsaurizete de* to you *thēsaurous* in *ouranō*, where *oute sēs oute brōsis aphanizei*, and where *kleptai ou dioryssousin oude kleptousin*:", "grammar": { "*Thēsaurizete de*": "present active imperative, 2nd plural + contrastive particle - but store up", "*thēsaurous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - treasures", "*ouranō*": "dative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*oute sēs oute*": "negative correlative conjunction + nominative, masculine, singular + negative correlative conjunction - neither moth nor", "*brōsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - rust/eating/corrosion", "*aphanizei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - destroys/consumes", "*kleptai*": "nominative, masculine, plural - thieves", "*ou dioryssousin*": "negative particle + present active indicative, 3rd plural - do not break through", "*oude kleptousin*": "negative conjunction + present active indicative, 3rd plural - nor steal" }, "variants": { "*Thēsaurizete*": "store up/lay up/accumulate", "*thēsaurous*": "treasures/wealth/stored valuables", "*ouranō*": "heaven/sky/celestial realm", "*sēs*": "moth/cloth-eating insect", "*brōsis*": "rust/eating/corrosion/consumption", "*aphanizei*": "destroys/consumes/ruins", "*kleptai*": "thieves/robbers", "*dioryssousin*": "break through/dig through/burgle", "*kleptousin*": "steal/take secretly/pilfer" } }
  • 1 Thess 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.2", "source": "Αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως ἔρχεται.", "text": "*Autoi gar akribōs oidate hoti* the *hēmera Kyriou hōs kleptēs en nykti houtōs erchetai*.", "grammar": { "*Autoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - yourselves", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*akribōs*": "adverb - accurately/precisely", "*oidate*": "perfect, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you know", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*hēmera*": "nominative, feminine, singular - day", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*kleptēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - thief", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*nykti*": "dative, feminine, singular - night", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/so/in this manner", "*erchetai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - comes/is coming" }, "variants": { "*akribōs*": "accurately/precisely/exactly", "*oidate*": "you know/you have knowledge (perfect tense indicating complete knowledge)", "*Kyriou*": "of Lord/of the Lord/belonging to the Lord", "*erchetai*": "comes/is coming/arrives" } }
  • Job 24:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Job.24.14", "source": "לָא֡וֹר יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וּ֝בַלַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַגַּנָּֽב", "text": "At *ʾôr yāqûm rôṣēaḥ yiqṭāl-ʿānî wəʾebyôn ûballaylâ yəhî ḵaggannāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *lə* - 'at light/daybreak'", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he rises'", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/killer'", "*yiqṭāl-ʿānî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular - 'he kills poor'", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular - 'and needy'", "*ûballaylâ*": "conjunction *û* + preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'and in the night'", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - 'he is/becomes'", "*ḵaggannāb*": "preposition *kə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'like the thief'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/daybreak/dawn", "*yāqûm*": "rises/gets up/stands", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/killer", "*yiqṭāl*": "kills/murders/slays", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/beggar", "*ballaylâ*": "in the night/during darkness", "*yəhî*": "is/becomes/acts", "*ḵaggannāb*": "like the thief/as a robber" } }
  • Job 30:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.30.5", "source": "מִן־גֵּ֥ו יְגֹרָ֑שׁוּ יָרִ֥יעוּ עָ֝לֵ֗ימוֹ כַּגַּנָּֽב", "text": "From *gêw* they *yəḡōrāšû*, they *yārîʿû* upon them like the *gannāḇ*", "grammar": { "*min-gêw*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - from midst/community", "*yəḡōrāšû*": "verb, pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they are driven out", "*yārîʿû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they shout/cry out", "*ʿălêmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix (poetic form) - upon them", "*ka-gannāḇ*": "preposition of comparison with noun, masculine singular - like the thief" }, "variants": { "*gêw*": "midst/community/society", "*yəḡōrāšû*": "are driven out/expelled/banished", "*yārîʿû*": "shout after/cry out/raise an alarm", "*gannāḇ*": "thief/stealer/robber" } }
  • Hos 7:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.1", "source": "כְּרָפְאִ֣י לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְנִגְלָ֞ה עֲוֺ֤ן אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וְרָע֣וֹת שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן כִּ֥י פָעֲל֖וּ שָׁ֑קֶר וְגַנָּ֣ב יָב֔וֹא פָּשַׁ֥ט גְּד֖וּד בַּחֽוּץ׃", "text": "While *rāpāʾ* to *yiśrāʾēl*, *wə*-*niglâ* *ʿăwōn* *ʾep̄rayim* *wə*-*rāʿôt* *šōmərôn* for they *pāʿălû* *šāqer*, and *gannāḇ* *yāḇôʾ*, *pāšaṭ* *gəḏûḏ* in the *ḥûṣ*.", "grammar": { "*rāpāʾ*": "infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my healing/when I would heal", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with prefix *lə* - to/for Israel", "*wə*-*niglâ*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and is revealed/exposed", "*ʿăwōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity/guilt of", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim (northern kingdom)", "*wə*-*rāʿôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct - and evils/wickedness of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria (capital of northern kingdom)", "*pāʿălû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they have practiced/done", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/deception", "*gannāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - thief", "*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he comes/enters", "*pāšaṭ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he strips/raids", "*gəḏûḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - band/troop/raiding party", "*ḥûṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix *ba* - in the outside/street" }, "variants": { "*rāpāʾ*": "heal/cure/restore", "*niglâ*": "revealed/uncovered/exposed", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*pāʿălû*": "worked/practiced/committed", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/deception/lie", "*pāšaṭ*": "strips/raids/spreads out", "*gəḏûḏ*": "troop/band/raiding party" } }
  • Joel 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Joel.2.9", "source": "בָּעִ֣יר יָשֹׁ֗קּוּ בַּֽחוֹמָה֙ יְרֻצ֔וּן בַּבָּתִּ֖ים יַעֲל֑וּ בְּעַ֧ד הַחַלּוֹנִ֛ים יָבֹ֖אוּ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃", "text": "In-the-*ʿîr* *yāshōqqû* in-the-*ḥômâ* *yerūtsûn* in-the-*bāttîm* *yaʿălû* through the-*ḥallônîm* *yābōʾû* like-the-*gannāb*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*yāshōqqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they rush/swarm", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the wall", "*yerūtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the houses", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they climb/ascend", "*ḥallônîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the windows", "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they come/enter", "*gannāb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the thief" }, "variants": { "*yāshōqqû*": "they rush/swarm/surge/run to and fro", "*yerūtsûn*": "they run/race/dash", "*yaʿălû*": "they climb/ascend/go up", "*yābōʾû*": "they come/enter/arrive" } }

Similar Verses (AI)

These verses are found using AI-powered semantic similarity based on meaning and context. Results may occasionally include unexpected connections.

  • Exod 22:3-8
    6 verses
    86%

    3 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.3", "source": "אִֽם־הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א בְיָד֜וֹ הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה מִשּׁ֧וֹר עַד־חֲמ֛וֹר עַד־שֶׂ֖ה חַיִּ֑ים שְׁנַ֖יִם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "If *himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ* in his *yād* the *gĕnēbâ*, from *šôr* until *ḥămôr* until *śeh ḥayyîm*, *šĕnayim yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'is certainly found'", "*yād*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'", "*gĕnēbâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'the stolen thing'", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'", "*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'", "*ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural adjective, 'living'", "*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'" }, "variants": { "*himmāṣēʾ timmāṣēʾ*": "is certainly found/if indeed found", "*gĕnēbâ*": "stolen item/theft" } }

    4 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.4", "source": "כִּ֤י יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ֙ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־*בעירה **בְּעִיר֔וֹ וּבִעֵ֖ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה אַחֵ֑ר מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם‪", "text": "When *yabʿer*-*ʾîš* *śādeh* or-*kerem* and *wĕšillaḥ* *ʾet*-*bĕʿîrô* and *ûbiʿēr* in *śādeh ʾaḥēr*, from *mêṭab śādēhû* and from *mêṭab karmô yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*yabʿer*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'causes to burn/consume'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'field'", "*kerem*": "masculine singular noun, 'vineyard'", "*wĕšillaḥ*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and lets loose'", "*bĕʿîrô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his cattle/beast'", "*ûbiʿēr*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it grazes/consumes'", "*śādeh ʾaḥēr*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective, 'another field'", "*mêṭab*": "masculine singular construct, 'best of'", "*śādēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his field'", "*karmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his vineyard'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'" }, "variants": { "*yabʿer*": "causes to burn/consumes/destroys", "*bĕʿîrô*": "his cattle/livestock/beast", "*ûbiʿēr*": "feeds upon/grazes/consumes" } }

    5 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.5", "source": "כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א אֵ֜שׁ וּמָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְנֶאֱכַ֣ל גָּדִ֔ישׁ א֥וֹ הַקָּמָ֖ה א֣וֹ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם הַמַּבְעִ֖ר אֶת־הַבְּעֵרָֽה׃", "text": "When *tēṣēʾ ʾēš* and *ûmāṣĕʾâ qōṣîm* and *wĕneʾĕkal gādîš* or the *qāmâ* or the *śādeh*; *šallēm yĕšallēm* the *mabʿir ʾet*-the *bĕʿērâ*.", "grammar": { "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'goes out/breaks out'", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun, 'fire'", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd feminine singular, 'and finds'", "*qōṣîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'thorns'", "*wĕneʾĕkal*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and is consumed'", "*gādîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'stack of grain/standing grain'", "*qāmâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'standing grain'", "*śādeh*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'field'", "*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'shall surely repay'", "*mabʿir*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular, 'the one who causes to burn'", "*bĕʿērâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'burning/fire'" }, "variants": { "*gādîš*": "stack of grain/sheaves/harvested crop", "*qāmâ*": "standing grain/unharvested crop", "*mabʿir*": "one who starts/kindles/causes burning" } }

    6 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.6", "source": "כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ כֶּ֤סֶף אֽוֹ־כֵלִים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגֻנַּ֖ב מִבֵּ֣ית הָאִ֑ישׁ אִם־יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנָֽיִם׃", "text": "When *yittēn ʾîš* to *rēʿēhû kesef* or-*kēlîm lišmōr*, and *wĕgunnab* from *bêt* the *ʾîš*; if *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb*, *yĕšallēm šĕnāyim*.", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'", "*kesef*": "masculine singular noun, 'silver/money'", "*kēlîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'vessels/articles/goods'", "*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'", "*wĕgunnab*": "pual perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it is stolen'", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct, 'house of'", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'", "*gannāb*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'thief'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'", "*šĕnāyim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'" }, "variants": { "*kesef*": "silver/money/valuables", "*kēlîm*": "vessels/articles/belongings/goods", "*gunnab*": "is stolen/gets stolen" } }

    7 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.7", "source": "אִם־לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ הַגַּנָּ֔ב וְנִקְרַ֥ב בַּֽעַל־הַבַּ֖יִת אֶל־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "If not *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb*, and *wĕniqrab baʿal*-the *bayit* to the *ʾĕlōhîm*, if not *šālaḥ yādô* into *mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*.", "grammar": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'", "*gannāb*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'thief'", "*wĕniqrab*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall be brought near'", "*baʿal*": "masculine singular construct, 'owner of'", "*bayit*": "definite masculine singular noun, 'house'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'sent/put'", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'", "*mĕleʾket*": "feminine singular construct, 'work/property of'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/judges/authorities", "*šālaḥ yādô*": "put forth his hand/laid his hand/misappropriated", "*mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor's property/goods/belongings" } }

    8 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.8", "source": "עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "For every *dĕbar*-*pešaʿ*, for *šôr*, for *ḥămôr*, for *śeh*, for *śalmâ*, for every *ʾăbēdâ*, which *yōʾmar* that it *hûʾ zeh*, unto the *ʾĕlōhîm* shall come *dĕbar*-*šĕnêhem*; whom *yaršîʿun ʾĕlōhîm*, *yĕšallēm šĕnayim lĕrēʿēhû*.", "grammar": { "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'matter of/case of'", "*pešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'transgression/breach of trust'", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'", "*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'", "*śalmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'garment/cloak'", "*ʾăbēdâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'lost thing'", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he will say'", "*hûʾ zeh*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun + demonstrative pronoun, 'this is it'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'case/matter of'", "*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'of both of them'", "*yaršîʿun*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall condemn'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'", "*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'", "*lĕrēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to his neighbor'" }, "variants": { "*dĕbar-pešaʿ*": "case of trespass/breach of trust/transgression", "*ʾăbēdâ*": "lost item/missing property", "*yaršîʿun*": "condemn/declare guilty/convict" } }

  • 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.1", "source": "אִם־בַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת יִמָּצֵ֥א הַגַּנָּ֖ב וְהֻכָּ֣ה וָמֵ֑ת אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּמִֽים׃", "text": "If in *maḥteret* *yimmāṣēʾ* the *gannāb* and *hûkkâ* and *wāmēt*, *ʾên* to him *dāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*maḥteret*": "feminine noun, singular, 'breaking in/tunnel'", "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is found'", "*gannāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular, 'thief'", "*hûkkâ*": "hophol perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is struck'", "*wāmēt*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and dies'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is not'", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun, 'blood/bloodguilt'", "לו": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to/for him'" }, "variants": { "*maḥteret*": "tunnel/breach/breaking in", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodguilt/bloodshed" } }

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    10 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.10", "source": "שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְלָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "*Šĕbuʿat YHWH tihyeh* between *šĕnêhem* if not *šālaḥ yādô* into *mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*, and *wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw* and not *yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*Šĕbuʿat*": "feminine singular construct, 'oath of'", "YHWH": "divine name", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'it shall be'", "*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'both of them'", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'sent/put'", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'", "*mĕleʾket*": "feminine singular construct, 'work/property of'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'", "*wĕlāqaḥ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall take'", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'" }, "variants": { "*Šĕbuʿat YHWH*": "oath of YHWH/swearing by YHWH", "*šālaḥ yādô*": "put forth his hand/misappropriated/took", "*wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw*": "the owner shall accept/take it" } }

    11 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.11", "source": "וְאִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמּ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And if *gānōb yiggānēb* from with him, *yĕšallēm libʿālāyw*.", "grammar": { "*gānōb yiggānēb*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely stolen'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'", "*libʿālāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to its owners'" }, "variants": { "*gānōb yiggānēb*": "is surely stolen/certainly taken/definitely stolen", "*libʿālāyw*": "to its owner/to the owner" } }

    12 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.12", "source": "אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "If *ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*, *yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*; the *ṭĕrēpâ* not *yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely torn'", "*yĕbîʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'he shall bring it'", "*ʿēd*": "masculine singular noun, 'witness/evidence'", "*ṭĕrēpâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'torn thing'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'" }, "variants": { "*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "is surely torn/certainly mauled by beast", "*yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*": "he shall bring it as evidence/witness" } }

    13 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.13", "source": "וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "And when *yišʾal ʾîš* from with *rēʿēhû* and *wĕnišbar* or-*mēt*, *bĕʿālāyw ʾên*-with him, *šallēm yĕšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*yišʾal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'borrows'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'", "*wĕnišbar*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it is broken'", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'dies'", "*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'is not'", "*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall surely repay'" }, "variants": { "*yišʾal*": "borrows/asks for", "*wĕnišbar*": "is broken/injured/harmed" } }

    14 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.14", "source": "אִם־בְּעָלָ֥יו עִמּ֖וֹ לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם אִם־שָׂכִ֣יר ה֔וּא בָּ֖א בִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃", "text": "If *bĕʿālāyw* with him, not *yĕšallēm*; if *śākîr hûʾ*, *bāʾ biśkārô*.", "grammar": { "*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'", "*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'", "*śākîr*": "masculine singular adjective, 'hired'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it came'", "*biśkārô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'for its hire/wages'" }, "variants": { "*śākîr*": "hired/rented", "*bāʾ biśkārô*": "came with its payment/was included in the hire price" } }

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    12 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.12", "source": "מַכֵּה אִישׁ וָמֵת מוֹת יוּמָת", "text": "*makkēh* *ʾîsh* *wā-mēt* *môt* *yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*makkēh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - striking/one who strikes", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*wā-mēt*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he dies", "*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*makkēh*": "striking/hitting/wounding/one who strikes", "*wā-mēt*": "and he dies/so that he dies", "*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed" } }

    13 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.13", "source": "וַאֲשֶׁר לֹא צָדָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים אִנָּה לְיָדוֹ וְשַׂמְתִּי לְךָ מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יָנוּס שָׁמָּה", "text": "*wa-ʾasher* *lōʾ* *ṣādāh* *wə-hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾinnāh* *lə-yādô* *wə-śamtî* *ləkā* *māqôm* *ʾasher* *yānûs* *shāmmāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾasher*": "conjunction *wə* + relative pronoun - but one who", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṣādāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he lay in wait", "*wə-hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "conjunction *wə* + definite article + masculine plural noun - but God", "*ʾinnāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - caused to meet/delivered", "*lə-yādô*": "preposition *lə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to his hand", "*wə-śamtî*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 1st person singular - then I will appoint", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for you", "*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun - a place", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - where/to which", "*yānûs*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he may flee", "*shāmmāh*": "adverb - there/to there" }, "variants": { "*ṣādāh*": "lay in wait/planned/ambushed/intended", "*ʾinnāh lə-yādô*": "caused to meet his hand/delivered to his hand/caused it to happen", "*śamtî*": "I will appoint/establish/designate", "*māqôm*": "place/location/refuge", "*yānûs*": "he may flee/escape/find refuge" } }

    14 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.14", "source": "וְכִי־יָזִד אִישׁ עַל־רֵעֵהוּ לְהָרְגוֹ בְעָרְמָה מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי תִּקָּחֶנּוּ לָמוּת", "text": "*wə-kî-yāzid* *ʾîsh* *ʿal-rēʿēhû* *lə-horgô* *bə-ʿormāh* *mē-ʿim* *mizbəchî* *tiqqāchennû* *lāmût*", "grammar": { "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*yāzid*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he acts presumptuously", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*ʿal-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his neighbor", "*lə-horgô*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to kill him", "*bə-ʿormāh*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun - with premeditation/cunning", "*mē-ʿim*": "compound preposition - from", "*mizbəchî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my altar", "*tiqqāchennû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you shall take him", "*lāmût*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - to die" }, "variants": { "*yāzid*": "acts presumptuously/acts with premeditation/schemes", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*bə-ʿormāh*": "with premeditation/with cunning/willfully/with deception", "*tiqqāchennû*": "you shall take him/remove him/bring him", "*lāmût*": "to die/to be executed/to be put to death" } }

    15 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.15", "source": "וּמַכֵּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת", "text": "*û-makkēh* *ʾābîw* *wə-ʾimmô* *môt* *yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*û-makkēh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who strikes", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾimmô*": "conjunction *wə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*makkēh*": "one who strikes/attacks/hits", "*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed" } }

    16 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.16", "source": "וְגֹנֵב אִישׁ וּמְכָרוֹ וְנִמְצָא בְיָדוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת", "text": "*wə-gōnēb* *ʾîsh* *û-məkārô* *wə-nimṣāʾ* *bə-yādô* *môt* *yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*wə-gōnēb*": "conjunction *wə* + qal participle, masculine singular - and one who steals", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*û-məkārô*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and sells him", "*wə-nimṣāʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he is found", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*môt yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - surely he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*gōnēb*": "one who steals/kidnaps", "*nimṣāʾ bə-yādô*": "is found in his hand/is found in his possession/is found with him", "*môt yûmāt*": "shall surely be put to death/must certainly be executed" } }

  • 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.24.7", "source": "כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א אִ֗ישׁ גֹּנֵ֨ב נֶ֤פֶשׁ מֵאֶחָיו֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּ֖וֹ וּמְכָר֑וֹ וּמֵת֙ הַגַּנָּ֣ב הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "When *yimmāṣēʾ* *ʾîš* *gōnēb* *nepeš* from his brothers from *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *hitʿammer*-in him and *məkārô*; and *mēt* *haggannāb* *hahûʾ* and *biʿartā* *hāraʿ* from your midst.", "grammar": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he is found", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*gōnēb*": "qal participle masculine singular - stealing", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/person/life", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hitʿammer*": "hithpael perfect 3rd masculine singular - he deals tyrannically", "*məkārô*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with suffix - he sells him", "*mēt*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he dies", "*haggannāb*": "definite masculine singular noun - the thief", "*hahûʾ*": "definite demonstrative masculine singular - that", "*biʿartā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you purge/remove", "*hāraʿ*": "definite adjective masculine singular - the evil" }, "variants": { "*gōnēb* *nepeš*": "kidnapping a person/stealing a soul", "*hitʿammer*": "deals tyrannically/enslaves/treats as merchandise", "*biʿartā* *hāraʿ*": "purge the evil/burn out the wickedness/remove the evil" } }

  • Num 35:16-23
    8 verses
    74%

    16 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.16", "source": "וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֨י בַרְזֶ֧ל ׀ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "And if with *kəlî* *barzel* *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of", "*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } }

    17 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.17", "source": "וְאִ֡ם בְּאֶ֣בֶן יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בָּ֥הּ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "And if with *ʾeḇen* *yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun construct - stone of", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḇen* *yāḏ*": "stone in hand/handheld stone/stone that fits in hand", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } }

    18 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.18", "source": "א֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵֽץ־יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃", "text": "Or with *kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* by it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun construct - wood of", "*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer" }, "variants": { "*kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ*": "wooden tool/weapon for the hand/handheld wooden implement", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another" } }

    19 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.19", "source": "גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יָמִ֖ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ ה֥וּא יְמִיתֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*Gōʾēl* *haddām*, he *yāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ*; when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him, he *yəmîṯennû*.", "grammar": { "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters", "*yəmîṯennû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he shall put him to death" }, "variants": { "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon" } }

    20 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.20", "source": "וְאִם־בְּשִׂנְאָ֖ה יֶהְדָּפֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו בִּצְדִיָּ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "And if with *śinʾâ* *yehdāp̄ennû* or *hišlîḵ* upon him *biṣḏîyâ* and *wayyāmōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*śinʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - hatred", "*yehdāp̄ennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushes him", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw", "*biṣḏîyâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with lying in wait", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died" }, "variants": { "*śinʾâ*": "hatred/hostility/enmity", "*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation" } }

    21 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.21", "source": "א֣וֹ בְאֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֗ם יָמִ֛ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "Or in *ʾêḇâ* *hikkāhû* with *yāḏô* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *môṯ*-*yûmaṯ* *hammakkeh* *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *gōʾēl* *haddām* shall put to death *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him", "*yāḏô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death", "*hammakkeh*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one who strikes", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters" }, "variants": { "*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred", "*makkeh*": "striker/one who strikes/attacker", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon" } }

    22 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.22", "source": "וְאִם־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפ֑וֹ אוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י בְּלֹ֥א צְדִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And if in *p̄eṯaʿ* without *ʾêḇâ* *hăḏāp̄ô* or *hišlîḵ* upon him any *kəlî* without *ṣəḏîyâ*.", "grammar": { "*p̄eṯaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - suddenness", "*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity", "*hăḏāp̄ô*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushed him", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw", "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun - tool/implement", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "feminine singular noun - lying in wait" }, "variants": { "*p̄eṯaʿ*": "suddenness/instant/moment", "*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred", "*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove", "*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon", "*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation" } }

    23 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.23", "source": "א֣וֹ בְכָל־אֶ֜בֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּא֙ לֹא־אוֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Or with any *ʾeḇen* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it without *rəʾôṯ* and *wayyappēl* upon him and *wayyāmōṯ* and he not *ʾôyēḇ* to him and not *məḇaqqēš* *rāʿāṯô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die", "*rəʾôṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*wayyappēl*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to fall", "*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*məḇaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - seeker", "*rāʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his harm" }, "variants": { "*rəʾôṯ*": "seeing/perceiving/watching", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*məḇaqqēš*": "seeking/searching for/desiring", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harm/injury/calamity" } }

  • 74%

    18 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.18", "source": "וְכִי־יְרִיבֻן אֲנָשִׁים וְהִכָּה־אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ בְּאֶבֶן אוֹ בְאֶגְרֹף וְלֹא יָמוּת וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב", "text": "*wə-kî-yərîbun* *ʾanāshîm* *wə-hikkāh-ʾîsh* *ʾet-rēʿēhû* *bə-ʾeben* *ʾô* *bə-ʾegrōp* *wə-lōʾ* *yāmût* *wə-nāpal* *lə-mishkāb*", "grammar": { "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*yərîbun*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + paragogic nun - men quarrel", "*ʾanāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*wə-hikkāh-ʾîsh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + masculine singular noun - and a man strikes", "*ʾet-rēʿēhû*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*bə-ʾeben*": "preposition *bə* + feminine singular noun - with a stone", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*bə-ʾegrōp*": "preposition *bə* + masculine singular noun - with a fist", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he dies", "*wə-nāpal*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - but falls", "*lə-mishkāb*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - to bed" }, "variants": { "*yərîbun*": "quarrel/strive/contend with each other", "*hikkāh*": "strikes/hits/wounds", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*ʾegrōp*": "fist/closed hand", "*nāpal lə-mishkāb*": "falls to bed/becomes bedridden/is confined to bed" } }

    19 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.19", "source": "אִם־יָקוּם וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ עַל־מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ וְנִקָּה הַמַּכֶּה רַק שִׁבְתּוֹ יִתֵּן וְרַפֹּא יְרַפֵּא", "text": "*ʾim-yāqûm* *wə-hithhallēk* *ba-chûṣ* *ʿal-mishʿantô* *wə-niqqāh* the *makkeh* *raq* *shibtô* *yittēn* *wə-rappōʾ* *yərappēʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he rises up", "*wə-hithhallēk*": "conjunction *wə* + hithpael perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and walks about", "*ba-chûṣ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + masculine singular noun - outside/abroad", "*ʿal-mishʿantô*": "preposition *ʿal* + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon his staff", "*wə-niqqāh*": "conjunction *wə* + niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - then shall be acquitted", "*makkeh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one who struck", "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*shibtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sitting/loss of time", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall give", "*wə-rappōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + piel infinitive absolute - and healing", "*yərappēʾ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall cause to be healed" }, "variants": { "*yāqûm*": "rises up/gets up/recovers", "*hithhallēk*": "walks about/goes around/moves about", "*mishʿantô*": "his staff/his support/his crutch", "*niqqāh*": "shall be acquitted/shall be free/shall be exempt", "*shibtô*": "his sitting/his lost time/his loss of work", "*rappōʾ yərappēʾ*": "shall surely cause to be healed/shall certainly pay for medical expenses" } }

    20 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.20", "source": "וְכִי־יַכֶּה אִישׁ אֶת־עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת־אֲמָתוֹ בַּשֵּׁבֶט וּמֵת תַּחַת יָדוֹ נָקֹם יִנָּקֵם", "text": "*wə-kî-yakkeh* *ʾîsh* *ʾet-ʿabdô* *ʾô* *ʾet-ʾamātô* *ba-shēbeṭ* *û-mēt* *tachat* *yādô* *nāqōm* *yinnāqēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-kî*": "conjunction + conjunction - and if", "*yakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he strikes", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*ʾet-ʿabdô*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his male servant", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ʾet-ʾamātô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his female servant", "*ba-shēbeṭ*": "preposition *bə* + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the rod", "*û-mēt*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he dies", "*tachat*": "preposition - under", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*nāqōm yinnāqēm*": "infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall surely be avenged" }, "variants": { "*yakkeh*": "strikes/hits/beats", "*ʿabdô*": "his male servant/his slave", "*ʾamātô*": "his female servant/his maidservant", "*shēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/stick", "*tachat yādô*": "under his hand/by his hand/immediately", "*nāqōm yinnāqēm*": "shall surely be avenged/shall certainly be punished" } }

  • Lev 24:20-21
    2 verses
    73%

    20 { "verseID": "Leviticus.24.20", "source": "שֶׁ֚בֶר תַּ֣חַת שֶׁ֔בֶר עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן שֵׁ֖ן תַּ֣חַת שֵׁ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֥ן מוּם֙ בָּֽאָדָ֔ם כֵּ֖ן יִנָּ֥תֶן בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šeber taḥat šeber ʿayin taḥat ʿayin šēn taḥat šēn kaʾăšer yittēn mûm bāʾādām kēn yinnāten bô*", "grammar": { "*šeber*": "noun, masculine singular - fracture/break", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*šeber*": "noun, masculine singular - fracture/break", "*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine singular - eye", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine singular - eye", "*šēn*": "noun, feminine singular - tooth", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*šēn*": "noun, feminine singular - tooth", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/according to what", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he causes/gives", "*mûm*": "noun, masculine singular - blemish/defect", "*bāʾādām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the man", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*yinnāten*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it shall be given", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in/to him" }, "variants": { "*šeber*": "fracture/break/wound", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight", "*šēn*": "tooth", "*taḥat*": "for/in place of/instead of", "*yittēn mûm*": "causes injury/inflicts blemish", "*bāʾādām*": "in a person/to a human", "*yinnāten bô*": "shall be done to him/shall be given to him" } }

    21 { "verseID": "Leviticus.24.21", "source": "וּמַכֵּ֥ה בְהֵמָ֖ה יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָדָ֖ם יוּמָֽת׃", "text": "*ûmakkēh bəhēmāh yəšalləmennāh ûmakkēh ʾādām yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*ûmakkēh*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who strikes/kills", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - animal/beast", "*yəšalləmennāh*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he shall make it good/repay it", "*ûmakkēh*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who strikes/kills", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*yûmāt*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*ûmakkēh*": "one who strikes/kills/injures", "*bəhēmāh*": "animal/beast/livestock", "*yəšalləmennāh*": "shall repay it/make restitution for it/compensate for it", "*ʾādām*": "person/human/man", "*yûmāt*": "shall be put to death/shall be executed" } }

  • 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.12", "source": "וְשָֽׁלְחוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י עִיר֔וֹ וְלָקְח֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ מִשָּׁ֑ם וְנָתְנ֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ בְּיַ֛ד גֹּאֵ֥ל הַדָּ֖ם וָמֵֽת", "text": "And-*shālĕḥū* *ziqnēy* *ʿirō* and-*lāqĕḥū* *ʾōtō* from-there and-*nātĕnū* *ʾōtō* in-*yad* *gōʾēl* the-*dām* and-*mēt*", "grammar": { "*shālĕḥū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall send'", "*ziqnēy*": "common noun masculine plural construct - 'elders of'", "*ʿirō*": "common noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his city'", "*lāqĕḥū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall take'", "*ʾōtō*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'him'", "*nātĕnū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall give'", "*yad*": "common noun feminine singular construct - 'hand of'", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'redeemer of'", "*dām*": "common noun masculine singular - 'blood'", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he shall die'" }, "variants": { "*shālĕḥū*": "they shall send/they shall dispatch", "*ziqnēy*": "elders of/older men of/leaders of", "*ʿirō*": "his city/his town", "*lāqĕḥū*": "they shall take/they shall seize/they shall fetch", "*nātĕnū*": "they shall give/they shall deliver/they shall hand over", "*yad*": "hand of/power of/authority of", "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer of/avenger of/kinsman of", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*mēt*": "he shall die/he shall be put to death" } }

  • Prov 6:30-31
    2 verses
    73%

    30 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.30", "source": "לֹא־יָב֣וּזוּ לַ֭גַּנָּב כִּ֣י יִגְנ֑וֹב לְמַלֵּ֥א נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ כִּ֣י יִרְעָֽב׃", "text": "Not-*yāvûzû* to-the-*gannāv* when *yiḡnôv* to-*mallēʾ* *napšô* when *yirʿāv*", "grammar": { "*yāvûzû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they despise/hold in contempt", "*gannāv*": "noun, masculine singular - thief", "*yiḡnôv*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he steals", "*mallēʾ*": "verb, piel infinitive construct - to fill", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/appetite", "*yirʿāv*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he is hungry" }, "variants": { "*yāvûzû*": "despise/hold in contempt/scorn", "*mallēʾ*": "to fill/to satisfy", "*napšô*": "his soul/his appetite/himself", "*yirʿāv*": "is hungry/starves" } }

    31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.31", "source": "וְ֭נִמְצָא יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם אֶת־כָּל־ה֖וֹן בֵּית֣וֹ יִתֵּֽן׃", "text": "And-*nimṣāʾ* *yəšallēm* *šivʿātāyim* *ʾet*-all-*hôn* *bêtô* *yittēn*", "grammar": { "*nimṣāʾ*": "verb, niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he is found/caught", "*yəšallēm*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will repay/restore", "*šivʿātāyim*": "adverb - sevenfold", "*hôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wealth/substance of", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*yittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will give" }, "variants": { "*nimṣāʾ*": "is found/is caught", "*yəšallēm*": "will repay/will restore/will make restitution", "*hôn*": "wealth/substance/goods" } }

  • 72%

    29 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.29", "source": "וְאִם שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְהוּעַד בִּבְעָלָיו וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ וְהֵמִית אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה הַשּׁוֹר יִסָּקֵל וְגַם־בְּעָלָיו יוּמָת", "text": "*wə-ʾim* *shôr* *naggāch* *hûʾ* *mittəmōl* *shilshōm* *wə-hûʿad* *bi-bəʿālāyw* *wə-lōʾ* *yishmərennû* *wə-hēmît* *ʾîsh* *ʾô* *ʾishshāh* the *shôr* *yissāqēl* *wə-gam-bəʿālāyw* *yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - but if", "*shôr*": "masculine singular noun - an ox", "*naggāch*": "piel participle, masculine singular - prone to goring", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it", "*mittəmōl*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from yesterday", "*shilshōm*": "masculine singular noun - day before yesterday", "*wə-hûʿad*": "conjunction *wə* + hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was testified", "*bi-bəʿālāyw*": "preposition *bə* + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to its owner", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not", "*yishmərennû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he keeps it in", "*wə-hēmît*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it kills", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ʾishshāh*": "feminine singular noun - a woman", "*shôr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the ox", "*yissāqēl*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shall be stoned", "*wə-gam*": "conjunction *wə* + adverb - and also", "*bəʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its owner", "*yûmāt*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*naggāch*": "prone to goring/habitually gores", "*mittəmōl shilshōm*": "from yesterday and the day before/previously/for some time", "*hûʿad*": "it was testified/its owner was warned", "*yishmərennû*": "keeps it in/restrains it/guards it", "*hēmît*": "kills/causes to die", "*yûmāt*": "shall be put to death/shall be executed" } }

    30 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.30", "source": "אִם־כֹּפֶר יוּשַׁת עָלָיו וְנָתַן פִּדְיֹן נַפְשׁוֹ כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יוּשַׁת עָלָיו", "text": "*ʾim-kōpher* *yûshat* *ʿālāyw* *wə-nātan* *pidyōn* *naphshô* *kə-kōl* *ʾasher-yûshat* *ʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*kōpher*": "masculine singular noun - ransom", "*yûshat*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is laid", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*wə-nātan*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - then he shall give", "*pidyōn*": "masculine singular construct noun - redemption of", "*naphshô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his life", "*kə-kōl*": "preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun - according to all", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that", "*yûshat*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is laid", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him" }, "variants": { "*kōpher*": "ransom/atonement payment/redemption price", "*yûshat*": "is laid/is imposed/is set", "*pidyōn naphshô*": "redemption of his life/ransom for his soul" } }

  • Lev 24:17-18
    2 verses
    72%

    17 { "verseID": "Leviticus.24.17", "source": "וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֥י יַכֶּ֖ה כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֑ם מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃", "text": "*wəʾîš kî yakkeh kol-nepeš ʾādām môt yûmāt*", "grammar": { "*wəʾîš*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and man", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yakkeh*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he strikes/kills", "*kol-nepeš*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - any life/soul of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*môt*": "Qal infinitive absolute - dying", "*yûmāt*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*wəʾîš*": "and if anyone/and when a man", "*yakkeh*": "strikes/smites/kills", "*kol-nepeš ʾādām*": "any human life/any person", "*môt yûmāt*": "surely be put to death (emphatic construction)" } }

    18 { "verseID": "Leviticus.24.18", "source": "וּמַכֵּ֥ה נֶֽפֶשׁ־בְּהֵמָ֖ה יְשַׁלְּמֶ֑נָּה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "*ûmakkēh nepeš-bəhēmāh yəšalləmennāh nepeš taḥat nāpeš*", "grammar": { "*ûmakkēh*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - and one who strikes/kills", "*nepeš-bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - life of animal", "*yəšalləmennāh*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he shall make it good/repay it", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life/soul", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of/in place of", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life/soul" }, "variants": { "*ûmakkēh*": "one who strikes/kills/injures", "*nepeš-bəhēmāh*": "animal life/the life of a beast", "*yəšalləmennāh*": "shall repay it/make restitution for it/compensate for it", "*nepeš taḥat nāpeš*": "life for life/like for like" } }

  • 1 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.1", "source": "כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃", "text": "If *yimmāṣēʾ* *ḥālāl* in-the-*ʾădāmāh* which *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* *nōtēn* to-you to-*rištāh*, *nōpēl* in-the-*śādeh*, not *nôdaʿ* who *hikkāhû*.", "grammar": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is found/discovered", "*ḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun - slain person/corpse", "*ʾădāmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - ground/land", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - giving/is giving", "*rištāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*nōpēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - falling/lying", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - field", "*nôdaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is known/has been known", "*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - struck him" }, "variants": { "*ḥālāl*": "slain person/corpse/pierced one", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/soil/earth", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting", "*rištāh*": "to possess it/to inherit it", "*nōpēl*": "lying/fallen/falling", "*hikkāhû*": "struck him/killed him/smote him" } }

  • 31 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.31", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תִקְח֥וּ כֹ֙פֶר֙ לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ רֹצֵ֔חַ אֲשֶׁר־ה֥וּא רָשָׁ֖ע לָמ֑וּת כִּי־מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת׃", "text": "And not *ṯiqḥû* *ḵōp̄er* for *nepeš* *rōṣēaḥ* *ʾăšer*-he *rāšāʿ* *lāmûṯ* for *môṯ* *yûmāṯ*.", "grammar": { "*ṯiqḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall take", "*ḵōp̄er*": "masculine singular noun - ransom", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun construct - soul of", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective - wicked/guilty", "*lāmûṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to die", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely", "*yûmāṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death" }, "variants": { "*ḵōp̄er*": "ransom/atonement price/bribe", "*nepeš*": "soul/person/life", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked/guilty/condemned", "*môṯ* *yûmāṯ*": "emphatic expression: 'he shall surely be put to death'" } }

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    25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.25", "source": "וְֽאִם־בַּשָּׂדֶ֞ה יִמְצָ֣א הָאִ֗ישׁ אֶת־*הנער **הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה וְהֶחֱזִֽיק־בָּ֥הּ הָאִ֖ישׁ וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וּמֵ֗ת הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁכַ֥ב עִמָּ֖הּ לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "But-if-in-the-*śādeh* *yimṣāʾ* the-*ʾîš* *ʾet*-the-*naʿărāh* the-*měʾōrāśāh* and-*heḥĕzîq*-by-her the-*ʾîš* and-*šākab* with-her and-*mēt* the-*ʾîš* who-*šākab* with-her to-*lěbaddô*.", "grammar": { "*śādeh*": "noun masculine singular - field", "*yimṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he finds", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*naʿărāh*": "noun feminine singular - young woman", "*měʾōrāśāh*": "pual participle feminine singular - betrothed", "*heḥĕzîq*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he seizes", "*šākab*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he lies", "*mēt*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he shall die", "*lěbaddô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he alone" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕzîq*": "seizes/grabs/forces", "*šākab*": "lies with/has relations with", "*lěbaddô*": "by himself/alone/only" } }

    26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.22.26", "source": "*ולנער **וְלַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָבָ֔ר אֵ֥ין *לנער **לַֽנַּעֲרָ֖ה חֵ֣טְא מָ֑וֶת כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁר֩ יָק֨וּם אִ֤ישׁ עַל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ וּרְצָח֣וֹ נֶ֔פֶשׁ כֵּ֖ן הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-to-the-*naʿărāh* not-*taʿăśeh* *dābār* not-is to-the-*naʿărāh* *ḥēṭěʾ* *māwet* for as-*yāqûm* *ʾîš* against-*rēʿēhû* and-*rěṣāḥô* *nep̄eš* so the-*dābār* the-this.", "grammar": { "*naʿărāh*": "noun feminine singular - young woman", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall do", "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - thing/matter", "*ḥēṭěʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - sin of", "*māwet*": "noun masculine singular - death", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he rises", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*rěṣāḥô*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he murders him", "*nep̄eš*": "noun common singular - soul/life", "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - matter/case" }, "variants": { "*ḥēṭěʾ māwet*": "sin deserving death/capital offense", "*rěṣāḥô nep̄eš*": "murders him/takes his life" } }

  • 17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.28.17", "source": "אָ֭דָם עָשֻׁ֣ק בְּדַם־נָפֶשׁ‪[c]‬ עַד־בּ֥וֹר יָ֝נ֗וּס אַל־יִתְמְכוּ־בֽוֹ׃", "text": "*'āḏām* *'āšuq* *bəḏam*-*nāp̄eš* *'aḏ*-*bôr* *yānûs* *'al*-*yiṯməḵû*-*ḇô*", "grammar": { "*'āḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*'āšuq*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - oppressed/burdened", "*bəḏam*-*nāp̄eš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - by blood of a life", "*'aḏ*-*bôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the pit", "*yānûs*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will flee", "*'al*-*yiṯməḵû*-*ḇô*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - let them not support him" }, "variants": { "*'āḏām*": "man/person/human", "*'āšuq*": "oppressed/burdened/guilty", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*nāp̄eš*": "life/person/soul", "*bôr*": "pit/grave/cistern", "*yānûs*": "will flee/will run", "*yiṯməḵû*": "support/uphold/grasp" } }

  • 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.20.5", "source": "וְכִ֨י יִרְדֹּ֜ף גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־יַסְגִּ֥רוּ אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּיָד֑וֹ כִּ֤י בִבְלִי־דַ֙עַת֙ הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְלֹֽא־שֹׂנֵ֥א ה֛וּא ל֖וֹ מִתְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃", "text": "And if *yirdōp* *gōʾēl* *haddām* after him, and not *yasgîrû* *hārōṣēaḥ* in his hand, for *biblî*-*daʿat* *hikkāh* *rēʿēhû* and not *śōnēʾ* he to him from *təmôl* *šilšôm*", "grammar": { "*yirdōp*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he pursues", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yasgîrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they deliver up", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the murderer", "*biblî*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*daʿat*": "feminine singular noun - knowledge/intent", "*hikkāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he struck", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*śōnēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - hating/being hostile", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšôm*": "adverb - three days ago/before" }, "variants": { "*gōʾēl haddām*": "avenger of blood/blood redeemer/kinsman-redeemer of blood", "*yasgîrû*": "deliver up/surrender/hand over", "*biblî-daʿat*": "without knowledge/unintentionally/without premeditation", "*hikkāh*": "struck/killed/injured", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his fellow/his friend", "*təmôl šilšôm*": "previously/beforehand/in the past" } }

  • 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.23", "source": "וְאִם־אָסוֹן יִהְיֶה וְנָתַתָּה נֶפֶשׁ תַּחַת נָפֶשׁ", "text": "*wə-ʾim-ʾāsôn* *yihyeh* *wə-nātattāh* *nephesh* *tachat* *nāphesh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conjunction - but if", "*ʾāsôn*": "masculine singular noun - harm/injury", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there is", "*wə-nātattāh*": "conjunction *wə* + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - then you shall give", "*nephesh*": "feminine singular noun - life", "*tachat*": "preposition - in place of", "*nāphesh*": "feminine singular noun - life" }, "variants": { "*ʾāsôn*": "harm/injury/calamity", "*nephesh tachat nāphesh*": "life for life/soul for soul" } }

  • 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.22", "source": "וְכִֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בְאִ֗ישׁ חֵ֛טְא מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֖וֶת וְהוּמָ֑ת וְתָלִ֥יתָ אֹת֖וֹ עַל־עֵֽץ׃", "text": "And-when-*yihyeh* in-*ʾîš* *ḥēṭʾ* *mišpaṭ*-*māwet* and-*hûmāt*, and-*tālîtā* [direct object]-him on-*ʿēṣ*.", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there is", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ḥēṭʾ*": "masculine singular noun - sin", "*mišpaṭ*": "masculine singular noun construct - judgment of", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death", "*hûmāt*": "Hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is put to death", "*tālîtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you hang", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - tree/wood/pole" }, "variants": { "*ḥēṭʾ*": "sin/crime/offense", "*mišpaṭ*-*māwet*": "judgment of death/capital offense", "*hûmāt*": "is put to death/is executed", "*tālîtā*": "hang/suspend", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood/pole/stake" } }

  • 14 { "verseID": "Job.24.14", "source": "לָא֡וֹר יָ֘ק֤וּם רוֹצֵ֗חַ יִֽקְטָל־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן וּ֝בַלַּ֗יְלָה יְהִ֣י כַגַּנָּֽב", "text": "At *ʾôr yāqûm rôṣēaḥ yiqṭāl-ʿānî wəʾebyôn ûballaylâ yəhî ḵaggannāb*", "grammar": { "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *lə* - 'at light/daybreak'", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he rises'", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "qal participle masculine singular - 'murderer/killer'", "*yiqṭāl-ʿānî*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun masculine singular - 'he kills poor'", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction *wə* + noun masculine singular - 'and needy'", "*ûballaylâ*": "conjunction *û* + preposition *bə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'and in the night'", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - 'he is/becomes'", "*ḵaggannāb*": "preposition *kə* + definite article + noun masculine singular - 'like the thief'" }, "variants": { "*ʾôr*": "light/daybreak/dawn", "*yāqûm*": "rises/gets up/stands", "*rôṣēaḥ*": "murderer/killer", "*yiqṭāl*": "kills/murders/slays", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/beggar", "*ballaylâ*": "in the night/during darkness", "*yəhî*": "is/becomes/acts", "*ḵaggannāb*": "like the thief/as a robber" } }

  • 36 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.36", "source": "אוֹ נוֹדַע כִּי שׁוֹר נַגָּח הוּא מִתְּמוֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם וְלֹא יִשְׁמְרֶנּוּ בְּעָלָיו שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם שׁוֹר תַּחַת הַשּׁוֹר וְהַמֵּת יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ", "text": "*ʾô* *nôdaʿ* *kî* *shôr* *naggāch* *hûʾ* *mittəmôl* *shilshōm* *wə-lōʾ* *yishmərennû* *bəʿālāyw* *shallēm* *yəshallēm* *shôr* *tachat* the *shôr* *wə-ha-mēt* *yihyeh-lô*", "grammar": { "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*nôdaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it was known", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*shôr*": "masculine singular noun - an ox", "*naggāch*": "piel participle, masculine singular - prone to goring", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - it", "*mittəmôl*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from yesterday", "*shilshōm*": "masculine singular noun - day before yesterday", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction *wə* + negative particle - and not", "*yishmərennû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he keeps it in", "*bəʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its owner", "*shallēm yəshallēm*": "infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall surely make restitution", "*shôr*": "masculine singular noun - an ox", "*tachat*": "preposition - in place of", "*shôr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the ox", "*wə-ha-mēt*": "conjunction *wə* + definite article + masculine singular adjective - and the dead animal", "*yihyeh-lô*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - shall be his" }, "variants": { "*nôdaʿ*": "it was known/it is known/it has been established", "*naggāch*": "prone to goring/habitually gores", "*mittəmôl shilshōm*": "from yesterday and the day before/previously/for some time", "*yishmərennû*": "he keeps it in/restrains it/guards it", "*shallēm yəshallēm*": "he shall surely make restitution/he must certainly pay compensation", "*wə-ha-mēt yihyeh-lô*": "and the dead animal shall be his/he may keep the carcass" } }

  • 27 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.27", "source": "וּמָצָ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם מִח֕וּץ לִגְב֖וּל עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ וְרָצַ֞ח גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אֶת־הָ֣רֹצֵ֔חַ אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּֽם׃", "text": "And *ûmāṣāʾ* him *gōʾēl* *haddām* from *miḥûṣ* to *gəḇûl* city *miqlāṭô* and *wərāṣaḥ* *gōʾēl* *haddām* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* *ʾên* to him *dām*.", "grammar": { "*ûmāṣāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he finds", "*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from outside", "*gəḇûl*": "masculine singular noun construct - border of", "*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge", "*wərāṣaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kills", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer", "*gəḇûl*": "border/boundary/territory", "*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum", "*rāṣaḥ*": "kill/murder/slay", "*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another", "*ʾên lô dām*": "idiom: 'there is no bloodguilt for him'" } }

  • 4 { "verseID": "Leviticus.6.4", "source": "וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְלָבַ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־הַדֶּ֙שֶׁן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר׃", "text": "*û-pāšaṭ* *ʾet*-*bəgādāyw* *wə-lābaš* *bəgādîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *wə-hôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-*ha-dešen* *ʾel*-*miḥûṣ* *la-maḥăneh* *ʾel*-*māqôm* *ṭāhôr*", "grammar": { "*û-pāšaṭ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall take off", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments", "*wə-lābaš*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall put on", "*bəgādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garments", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other/different", "*wə-hôṣîʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and shall bring out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dešen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the ashes", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - outside", "*la-maḥăneh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the camp", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure" }, "variants": { "*pāšaṭ*": "take off/strip off/remove", "*bəgādîm*": "garments/clothes/vestments", "*hôṣîʾ*": "bring out/carry out/remove", "*miḥûṣ*": "outside/without/exterior", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment/army", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ceremonially clean" } }