16{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.16",
"source": "וְאִם־בִּכְלִ֨י בַרְזֶ֧ל ׀ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃",
"text": "And if with *kəlî* *barzel* *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of",
"*barzel*": "masculine singular noun - iron",
"*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely",
"*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer"
},
"variants": {
"*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.17",
"source": "וְאִ֡ם בְּאֶ֣בֶן יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בָּ֥הּ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃",
"text": "And if with *ʾeḇen* *yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun construct - stone of",
"*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die",
"*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely",
"*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeḇen* *yāḏ*": "stone in hand/handheld stone/stone that fits in hand",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.18",
"source": "א֡וֹ בִּכְלִ֣י עֵֽץ־יָד֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֨וּת בּ֥וֹ הִכָּ֛הוּ וַיָּמֹ֖ת רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא מ֥וֹת יוּמַ֖ת הָרֹצֵֽחַ׃",
"text": "Or with *kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* by it *hikkāhû* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *môṯ* *yûmaṯ* *hārōṣēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun construct - vessel/tool of",
"*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun construct - wood of",
"*yāḏ*": "feminine singular noun - hand",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die",
"*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely",
"*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer"
},
"variants": {
"*kəlî* *ʿēṣ*-*yāḏ*": "wooden tool/weapon for the hand/handheld wooden implement",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.19",
"source": "גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יָמִ֖ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֑חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ ה֥וּא יְמִיתֶֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "*Gōʾēl* *haddām*, he *yāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ*; when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him, he *yəmîṯennû*.",
"grammar": {
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of",
"*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood",
"*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters",
"*yəmîṯennû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he shall put him to death"
},
"variants": {
"*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.20",
"source": "וְאִם־בְּשִׂנְאָ֖ה יֶהְדָּפֶ֑נּוּ אֽוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו בִּצְדִיָּ֖ה וַיָּמֹֽת׃",
"text": "And if with *śinʾâ* *yehdāp̄ennû* or *hišlîḵ* upon him *biṣḏîyâ* and *wayyāmōṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*śinʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - hatred",
"*yehdāp̄ennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushes him",
"*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw",
"*biṣḏîyâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with lying in wait",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died"
},
"variants": {
"*śinʾâ*": "hatred/hostility/enmity",
"*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove",
"*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.21",
"source": "א֣וֹ בְאֵיבָ֞ה הִכָּ֤הוּ בְיָדוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת מֽוֹת־יוּמַ֥ת הַמַּכֶּ֖ה רֹצֵ֣חַֽ ה֑וּא גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֗ם יָמִ֛ית אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֖חַ בְּפִגְעוֹ־בֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Or in *ʾêḇâ* *hikkāhû* with *yāḏô* and *wayyāmōṯ*, *môṯ*-*yûmaṯ* *hammakkeh* *rōṣēaḥ* he is; *gōʾēl* *haddām* shall put to death *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* when *bəp̄iḡʿô*-in him.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity",
"*hikkāhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he struck him",
"*yāḏô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - surely",
"*yûmaṯ*": "Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death",
"*hammakkeh*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one who strikes",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - murderer/manslayer",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of",
"*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood",
"*yāmîṯ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall put to death",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*bəp̄iḡʿô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he encounters"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred",
"*makkeh*": "striker/one who strikes/attacker",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer",
"*p̄iḡʿô*": "meeting/encountering/coming upon"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.22",
"source": "וְאִם־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפ֑וֹ אוֹ־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י בְּלֹ֥א צְדִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "And if in *p̄eṯaʿ* without *ʾêḇâ* *hăḏāp̄ô* or *hišlîḵ* upon him any *kəlî* without *ṣəḏîyâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*p̄eṯaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - suddenness",
"*ʾêḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - enmity",
"*hăḏāp̄ô*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he pushed him",
"*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw",
"*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun - tool/implement",
"*ṣəḏîyâ*": "feminine singular noun - lying in wait"
},
"variants": {
"*p̄eṯaʿ*": "suddenness/instant/moment",
"*ʾêḇâ*": "enmity/hostility/hatred",
"*hāḏap̄*": "push/thrust/shove",
"*kəlî*": "vessel/instrument/tool/weapon",
"*ṣəḏîyâ*": "lying in wait/ambush/premeditation"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.23",
"source": "א֣וֹ בְכָל־אֶ֜בֶן אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֥וּת בָּהּ֙ בְּלֹ֣א רְא֔וֹת וַיַּפֵּ֥ל עָלָ֖יו וַיָּמֹ֑ת וְהוּא֙ לֹא־אוֹיֵ֣ב ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ רָעָתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Or with any *ʾeḇen* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* with it without *rəʾôṯ* and *wayyappēl* upon him and *wayyāmōṯ* and he not *ʾôyēḇ* to him and not *məḇaqqēš* *rāʿāṯô*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular noun - stone",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - one may die",
"*rəʾôṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - seeing",
"*wayyappēl*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to fall",
"*wayyāmōṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - enemy",
"*məḇaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - seeker",
"*rāʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his harm"
},
"variants": {
"*rəʾôṯ*": "seeing/perceiving/watching",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary",
"*məḇaqqēš*": "seeking/searching for/desiring",
"*rāʿâ*": "evil/harm/injury/calamity"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.24",
"source": "וְשָֽׁפְטוּ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה בֵּ֚ין הַמַּכֶּ֔ה וּבֵ֖ין גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֑ם עַ֥ל הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃",
"text": "And *wəšāp̄əṭû* *hāʿēḏâ* between *hammakkeh* and between *gōʾēl* *haddām* according to *hammišpāṭîm* *hāʾēlleh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəšāp̄əṭû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall judge",
"*hāʿēḏâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation",
"*hammakkeh*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one who strikes",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of",
"*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood",
"*hammišpāṭîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the judgments",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative plural adjective - these"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿēḏâ*": "congregation/assembly/community",
"*makkeh*": "striker/one who strikes/attacker",
"*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer",
"*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/legal decisions"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.25",
"source": "וְהִצִּ֨ילוּ הָעֵדָ֜ה אֶת־הָרֹצֵ֗חַ מִיַּד֮ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּם֒ וְהֵשִׁ֤יבוּ אֹתוֹ֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה אֶל־עִ֥יר מִקְלָט֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נָ֣ס שָׁ֑מָּה וְיָ֣שַׁב בָּ֗הּ עַד־מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־מָשַׁ֥ח אֹת֖וֹ בְּשֶׁ֥מֶן הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃",
"text": "And *wəhiṣṣîlû* *hāʿēḏâ* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* from *miyyaḏ* *gōʾēl* *haddām* and *wəhēšîḇû* him *hāʿēḏâ* to city *miqlāṭô* *ʾăšer*-*nās* *šāmmâ* and *wəyāšaḇ* in it until *môṯ* *hakkōhēn* *haggāḏōl* *ʾăšer*-*māšaḥ* him with *šemen* *haqqōḏeš*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhiṣṣîlû*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall deliver",
"*hāʿēḏâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the congregation",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*miyyaḏ*": "preposition *min* + construct feminine singular *yāḏ* - from hand of",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of",
"*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood",
"*wəhēšîḇû*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall return/restore",
"*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*nās*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he fled",
"*šāmmâ*": "adverb with directional *he* - there/thither",
"*wəyāšaḇ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall dwell",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - death of",
"*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest",
"*haggāḏōl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great",
"*māšaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he anointed",
"*šemen*": "masculine singular noun construct - oil of",
"*haqqōḏeš*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the holiness"
},
"variants": {
"*hiṣṣîl*": "deliver/rescue/save",
"*ʿēḏâ*": "congregation/assembly/community",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer",
"*hēšîḇ*": "return/restore/bring back",
"*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum",
"*gāḏōl*": "great/large/important",
"*šemen haqqōḏeš*": "holy oil/sacred anointing oil"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.26",
"source": "וְאִם־יָצֹ֥א יֵצֵ֖א הָרֹצֵ֑חַ אֶת־גְּבוּל֙ עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנ֖וּס שָֽׁמָּה׃",
"text": "And if going out *yēṣēʾ* *hārōṣēaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*gəḇûl* city *miqlāṭô* *ʾăšer* *yānûs* *šāmmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣōʾ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going out",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he goes out",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*gəḇûl*": "masculine singular noun construct - border of",
"*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yānûs*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he flees",
"*šāmmâ*": "adverb with directional *he* - there/thither"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣōʾ* *yēṣēʾ*": "emphatic expression: 'definitely goes out'",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*gəḇûl*": "border/boundary/territory",
"*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.27",
"source": "וּמָצָ֤א אֹתוֹ֙ גֹּאֵ֣ל הַדָּ֔ם מִח֕וּץ לִגְב֖וּל עִ֣יר מִקְלָט֑וֹ וְרָצַ֞ח גֹּאֵ֤ל הַדָּם֙ אֶת־הָ֣רֹצֵ֔חַ אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּֽם׃",
"text": "And *ûmāṣāʾ* him *gōʾēl* *haddām* from *miḥûṣ* to *gəḇûl* city *miqlāṭô* and *wərāṣaḥ* *gōʾēl* *haddām* *ʾeṯ*-*hārōṣēaḥ* *ʾên* to him *dām*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûmāṣāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he finds",
"*gōʾēl*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - avenger of",
"*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood",
"*miḥûṣ*": "preposition *min* + masculine singular noun - from outside",
"*gəḇûl*": "masculine singular noun construct - border of",
"*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge",
"*wərāṣaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kills",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood"
},
"variants": {
"*gōʾēl*": "redeemer/avenger/kinsman-redeemer",
"*gəḇûl*": "border/boundary/territory",
"*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum",
"*rāṣaḥ*": "kill/murder/slay",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*ʾên lô dām*": "idiom: 'there is no bloodguilt for him'"
}
}
28{
"verseID": "Numbers.35.28",
"source": "כִּ֣י בְעִ֤יר מִקְלָטוֹ֙ יֵשֵׁ֔ב עַד־מ֖וֹת הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֑ל וְאַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹת֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּדֹ֔ל יָשׁוּב֙ הָרֹצֵ֔חַ אֶל־אֶ֖רֶץ אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "For in city *miqlāṭô* *yēšēḇ* until *môṯ* *hakkōhēn* *haggāḏōl* and after *môṯ* *hakkōhēn* *haggāḏōl* shall return *hārōṣēaḥ* to *ʾereṣ* *ʾăḥuzzāṯô*.",
"grammar": {
"*miqlāṭô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his refuge",
"*yēšēḇ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall dwell",
"*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - death of",
"*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest",
"*haggāḏōl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great",
"*yāšûḇ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall return",
"*hārōṣēaḥ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the murderer/manslayer",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun construct - land of",
"*ʾăḥuzzāṯô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his possession"
},
"variants": {
"*miqlāṭ*": "refuge/asylum",
"*gāḏōl*": "great/large/important",
"*rōṣēaḥ*": "murderer/manslayer/one who kills another",
"*ʾăḥuzzâ*": "possession/property/holding"
}
}