15 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.15",
"source": "לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֽ͏ֶחֱטָ֑א עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר",
"text": "Not-*yāqūm* *ʿēd* one in-*ʾish* for-all-*ʿāwōn* and-for-all-*ḥaṭṭāʾt* in-all-*ḥēṭʾ* which *yeḥeṭāʾ* upon-*piy* two *ʿēdim* or upon-*piy* three-*ʿēdim* *yāqūm* *dābār*",
"grammar": {
"*yāqūm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he shall stand/arise'",
"*ʿēd*": "common noun masculine singular - 'witness'",
"*ʾish*": "common noun masculine singular - 'man'",
"*ʿāwōn*": "common noun masculine singular - 'iniquity'",
"*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "common noun feminine singular - 'sin'",
"*ḥēṭʾ*": "common noun masculine singular - 'sin'",
"*yeḥeṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he sins'",
"*piy*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'mouth of'",
"*ʿēdim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'witnesses'",
"*dābār*": "common noun masculine singular - 'matter/word'"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqūm*": "shall stand/shall rise/shall be established",
"*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony",
"*ʾish*": "man/person/someone",
"*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment",
"*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/offense/transgression",
"*ḥēṭʾ*": "sin/offense/wrongdoing",
"*yeḥeṭāʾ*": "he sins/he offends/he does wrong",
"*piy*": "mouth of/testimony of/word of",
"*dābār*": "matter/word/case"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.16",
"source": "כִּֽי־יָק֥וּם עֵד־חָמָ֖ס בְּאִ֑ישׁ לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּ֖וֹ סָרָֽה",
"text": "If-*yāqūm* *ʿēd*-*ḥāmās* in-*ʾish* to-*laʿănōt* in-him *sārāh*",
"grammar": {
"*yāqūm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he arises'",
"*ʿēd*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'witness of'",
"*ḥāmās*": "common noun masculine singular - 'violence'",
"*ʾish*": "common noun masculine singular - 'man'",
"*laʿănōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to testify'",
"*sārāh*": "common noun feminine singular - 'rebellion/defection'"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqūm*": "arises/stands up/comes forward",
"*ʿēd*-*ḥāmās*": "violent witness/false witness/malicious witness",
"*ʾish*": "man/person/someone",
"*laʿănōt*": "to testify/to witness/to answer",
"*sārāh*": "rebellion/defection/wrongdoing"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.17",
"source": "וְעָמְד֧וּ שְׁנֵֽי־הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לָהֶ֥ם הָרִ֖יב לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְי֖וּ בַּיָּמִ֥ים הָהֵֽם",
"text": "And-*ʿāmĕdū* two-the-*ʾănāshim* which-to-them the-*rīb* before *YHWH* before the-*kōhănim* and-the-*shōfĕṭim* who *yihyū* in-the-*yāmim* the-those",
"grammar": {
"*ʿāmĕdū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall stand'",
"*ʾănāshim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'men'",
"*rīb*": "common noun masculine singular - 'dispute'",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*kōhănim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'priests'",
"*shōfĕṭim*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'judges'",
"*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they will be'",
"*yāmim*": "common noun masculine plural - 'days'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿāmĕdū*": "they shall stand/they shall appear/they shall present themselves",
"*ʾănāshim*": "men/persons/people",
"*rīb*": "dispute/controversy/lawsuit",
"*kōhănim*": "priests/officiators",
"*shōfĕṭim*": "judges/those who judge/magistrates",
"*yihyū*": "they will be/they shall exist/they shall serve",
"*yāmim*": "days/times/period"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.18",
"source": "וְדָרְשׁ֥וּ הַשֹּׁפְטִ֖ים הֵיטֵ֑ב וְהִנֵּ֤ה עֵֽד־שֶׁ֙קֶר֙ הָעֵ֔ד שֶׁ֖קֶר עָנָ֥ה בְאָחִֽיו",
"text": "And-*dārĕshū* the-*shōfĕṭim* *hēṭēb* and-*hinnēh* *ʿēd*-*sheqer* the-*ʿēd* *sheqer* *ʿānāh* in-*ʾāḥiw*",
"grammar": {
"*dārĕshū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they shall inquire'",
"*shōfĕṭim*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'judges'",
"*hēṭēb*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - 'thoroughly'",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - 'behold'",
"*ʿēd*": "common noun masculine singular construct - 'witness of'",
"*sheqer*": "common noun masculine singular - 'falsehood'",
"*ʿānāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he testified'",
"*ʾāḥiw*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his brother'"
},
"variants": {
"*dārĕshū*": "they shall inquire/they shall investigate/they shall examine",
"*shōfĕṭim*": "judges/those who judge/magistrates",
"*hēṭēb*": "thoroughly/diligently/carefully",
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*ʿēd*-*sheqer*": "false witness/lying witness/deceptive witness",
"*ʿānāh*": "testified/answered/responded",
"*ʾāḥiw*": "his brother/his fellow/his countryman"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.19",
"source": "וַעֲשִׂ֣יתֶם ל֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָמַ֖ם לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת לְאָחִ֑יו וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ",
"text": "And-*ʿăsitem* to-him as-which *zāmam* to-*laʿăsōt* to-*ʾāḥiw* and-*biʿartā* the-*rāʿ* from-*qirbĕkhā*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿăsitem*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - 'you shall do'",
"*zāmam*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he planned'",
"*laʿăsōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to do'",
"*ʾāḥiw*": "common noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his brother'",
"*biʿartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you shall purge'",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'evil'",
"*qirbĕkhā*": "common noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăsitem*": "you shall do/you shall execute/you shall perform",
"*zāmam*": "planned/schemed/intended",
"*laʿăsōt*": "to do/to perform/to execute",
"*ʾāḥiw*": "his brother/his fellow/his countryman",
"*biʿartā*": "you shall purge/you shall remove/you shall eliminate",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/wicked/wrong",
"*qirbĕkhā*": "your midst/among you/from you"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.20",
"source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים יִשְׁמְע֣וּ וְיִרָ֑אוּ וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֨פוּ לַעֲשׂ֜וֹת ע֗וֹד כַּדָּבָ֥ר הָרָ֛ע הַזֶּ֖ה בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ",
"text": "And-the-*nishʾārim* *yishmĕʿū* and-*yirāʾū* and-not-*yōsîfū* *laʿăsōt* again as-the-*dābār* the-*rāʿ* the-this in-*qirbĕkhā*",
"grammar": {
"*nishʾārim*": "Niphal participle masculine plural - 'those who remain'",
"*yishmĕʿū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall hear'",
"*yirāʾū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall fear'",
"*yōsîfū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shall add'",
"*laʿăsōt*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to do'",
"*dābār*": "common noun masculine singular - 'thing/matter'",
"*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'evil'",
"*qirbĕkhā*": "common noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your midst'"
},
"variants": {
"*nishʾārim*": "those who remain/those who are left/the rest",
"*yishmĕʿū*": "they shall hear/they shall listen/they shall learn",
"*yirāʾū*": "they shall fear/they shall be afraid/they shall be in awe",
"*yōsîfū*": "they shall add/they shall continue/they shall do again",
"*laʿăsōt*": "to do/to perform/to commit",
"*dābār*": "thing/matter/deed",
"*rāʿ*": "evil/wicked/wrong",
"*qirbĕkhā*": "your midst/among you/from you"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Deuteronomy.19.21",
"source": "וְלֹ֥א תָח֖וֹס עֵינֶ֑ךָ נֶ֣פֶשׁ בְּנֶ֗פֶשׁ עַ֤יִן בְּעַ֙יִן֙ שֵׁ֣ן בְּשֵׁ֔ן יָ֥ד בְּיָ֖ד רֶ֥גֶל בְּרָֽגֶל",
"text": "And-not *tāḥōs* *ʿēnĕkhā* *nefesh* for-*nefesh* *ʿayin* for-*ʿayin* *shēn* for-*shēn* *yād* for-*yād* *regel* for-*regel*",
"grammar": {
"*tāḥōs*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you shall pity'",
"*ʿēnĕkhā*": "common noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your eye'",
"*nefesh*": "common noun feminine singular - 'life/person'",
"*ʿayin*": "common noun feminine singular - 'eye'",
"*shēn*": "common noun feminine singular - 'tooth'",
"*yād*": "common noun feminine singular - 'hand'",
"*regel*": "common noun feminine singular - 'foot'"
},
"variants": {
"*tāḥōs*": "you shall pity/you shall spare/you shall show mercy",
"*ʿēnĕkhā*": "your eye (idiom for showing pity/compassion)",
"*nefesh*": "life/person/soul",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight",
"*shēn*": "tooth",
"*yād*": "hand/arm",
"*regel*": "foot/leg"
}
}