Gen 38:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.1",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֥רֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת אֶחָ֑יו וַיֵּ֛ט עַד־אִ֥ישׁ עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י וּשְׁמ֥וֹ חִירָֽה",
"text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* the *hahiʾ*, and *wayyēred* *Yehûdāh* from *ʾēt* his *ʾeḥāyw*, and *wayyēṭ* unto *ʾîš* *ʿAdullāmî* and *šemô* *Ḥîrāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened",
"*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time/period",
"*hahiʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that",
"*wayyēred*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went down",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾēt*": "preposition - from",
"*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers",
"*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*ʿAdullāmî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Adullamite",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*wayyēred*": "and he went down/descended",
"*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/diverted/extended",
"*ʾēt*": "from with/from proximity to"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.2",
"source": "וַיַּרְא־שָׁ֧ם יְהוּדָ֛ה בַּת־אִ֥ישׁ כְּנַעֲנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ שׁ֑וּעַ וַיִּקָּחֶ֖הָ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ*-there *Yehûdāh* *bat*-*ʾîš* *Kenaʿanî* and *šemô* *Šûaʿ*, and *wayyiqqāḥehā* and *wayyābōʾ* unto her",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man",
"*Kenaʿanî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Canaanite",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Šûaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Shua",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he took her",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in/came"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/observed/noticed",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "and he took her/married her/received her",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in to her/had relations with her"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.3",
"source": "וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵֽר",
"text": "And *wattahar* and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *ʿĒr*",
"grammar": {
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er"
},
"variants": {
"*wattahar*": "and she became pregnant/conceived",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.4",
"source": "וַתַּ֥הַר ע֖וֹד וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אוֹנָֽן",
"text": "And *wattahar* again and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wattiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *ʾÔnān*",
"grammar": {
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan"
},
"variants": {
"*wattahar*": "and she became pregnant/conceived",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "and she called/named"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.5",
"source": "וַתֹּ֤סֶף עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵׁלָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה בִכְזִ֖יב בְּלִדְתָּ֥הּ אֹתֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wattōsef* again and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wattiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *Šēlāh*, and *wəhāyāh* in *biḵzîb* in *bəlidtāh* *ʾōtô*",
"grammar": {
"*wattōsef*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she added/continued",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*wəhāyāh*": "waw-conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was",
"*biḵzîb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Chezib",
"*bəlidtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her bearing/when she gave birth to",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him"
},
"variants": {
"*wattōsef*": "and she added/continued/proceeded",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "and she called/named",
"*wəhāyāh*": "and he was/happened to be",
"*bəlidtāh*": "in her giving birth to/when she bore"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.6",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֧ח יְהוּדָ֛ה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְעֵ֣ר בְּכוֹר֑וֹ וּשְׁמָ֖הּ תָּמָֽר",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Yehûdāh* *ʾiššāh* for *ʿĒr* *bəḵôrô*, and *šəmāh* *Tāmār*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er",
"*bəḵôrô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his firstborn",
"*šəmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her name",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "and he took/selected/chose",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife",
"*bəḵôrô*": "his firstborn/eldest son"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.7",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י עֵ֚ר בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֔ה רַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְמִתֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה",
"text": "And *wayehî* *ʿĒr* *bəḵôr* *Yehûdāh* *raʿ* in *bəʿênê* *YHWH*, and *wayemitēhû* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er",
"*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/wicked",
"*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*wayemitēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he put him to death"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and he was/became",
"*raʿ*": "evil/wicked/displeasing",
"*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/according to the judgment of",
"*wayemitēhû*": "and he put him to death/killed him/caused him to die"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ לְאוֹנָ֔ן בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יךָ וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ וְהָקֵ֥ם זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *ʾÔnān*, *bōʾ* unto *ʾēšet* your *ʾāḥîḵā* and *yabbēm* *ʾōtāh*, and *hāqēm* *zeraʿ* to your *ʾāḥîḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan",
"*bōʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go in/come",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother",
"*yabbēm*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - perform levirate duty to",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her",
"*hāqēm*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - raise up/establish",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring",
"*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*bōʾ*": "go in/come to/have relations with",
"*yabbēm*": "perform levirate marriage duty/fulfill brother-in-law obligation",
"*hāqēm*": "raise up/establish/maintain",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.9",
"source": "וַיֵּ֣דַע אוֹנָ֔ן כִּ֛י לֹּ֥א ל֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַזָּ֑רַע וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־בָּ֨א אֶל־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת אַ֔רְצָה לְבִלְתִּ֥י נְתָן־זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיו",
"text": "And *wayyēdaʿ* *ʾÔnān* that *lōʾ* to him *yihyeh* the *zāraʿ*, and *wəhāyāh* if *bāʾ* unto *ʾēšet* his *ʾāḥîw* and *wəšiḥēt* *ʾarṣāh* to prevent *nətān*-*zeraʿ* to his *ʾāḥîw*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēdaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he knew",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be",
"*zāraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the offspring/seed",
"*wəhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he went in",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*wəšiḥēt*": "waw-consecutive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ruined/destroyed",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground",
"*nətān*": "qal infinitive construct - giving",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēdaʿ*": "and he knew/recognized/understood",
"*yihyeh*": "would be/become/belong to",
"*wəhāyāh*": "and it was/happened/came to pass",
"*bāʾ*": "went in to/had relations with",
"*wəšiḥēt*": "and he ruined/wasted/destroyed",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "to the ground/on the earth/to the floor",
"*nətān*": "giving/providing/establishing"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.10",
"source": "וַיֵּ֛רַע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיָּ֖מֶת גַּם־אֹתֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyēraʿ* in *bəʿênê* *YHWH* what *ʿāśāh*, and *wayyāmet* also *ʾōtô*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēraʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was evil",
"*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did",
"*wayyāmet*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he put to death",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēraʿ*": "and it was evil/displeasing/wicked",
"*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/according to the judgment of",
"*ʿāśāh*": "he did/made/performed",
"*wayyāmet*": "and he put to death/killed"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְתָמָ֨ר כַּלָּת֜וֹ שְׁבִ֧י אַלְמָנָ֣ה בֵית־אָבִ֗יךְ עַד־יִגְדַּל֙ שֵׁלָ֣ה בְנְ֔י כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן־יָמ֥וּת גַּם־ה֖וּא כְּאֶחָ֑יו וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ תָּמָ֔ר וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *Tāmār* his *kallātô* *šəbî* *ʾalmānāh* *bêt*-your *ʾābîḵ* until *yigdal* *Šēlāh* *bənî*, for *ʾāmar*, lest *yāmût* also he like his *kəʾeḥāyw*. And *wattēleḵ* *Tāmār* and *wattēšeb* *bêt* her *ʾābîhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law",
"*šəbî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - remain/dwell",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - widow",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father",
"*yigdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he grows up",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dies",
"*kəʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like his brothers",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she dwelt",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*šəbî*": "remain/stay/dwell/live",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/in widowhood",
"*yigdal*": "grows up/becomes mature/gets older",
"*ʾāmar*": "he said/thought/claimed",
"*yāmût*": "he dies/will die/might die",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed",
"*wattēšeb*": "and she dwelt/remained/stayed"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.12",
"source": "וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה",
"text": "And *wayyirbû* the *hayyāmîm*, and *wattāmāt* *bat*-*šûaʿ* *ʾēšet*-*Yehûdāh*, and *wayyinnāḥem* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaʿal* unto *gōzəzê* his *ṣōʾnô*, he and *Ḥîrāh* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *Timnātāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirbû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they increased",
"*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the days",
"*wattāmāt*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she died",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*šûaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Shua",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was comforted",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up",
"*gōzəzê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - shearers of",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock",
"*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend",
"*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyirbû*": "and they increased/multiplied/became many",
"*wattāmāt*": "and she died/passed away",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "and he was comforted/consoled/finished mourning",
"*wayyaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended",
"*gōzəzê*": "shearers/those shearing"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.13",
"source": "וַיֻּגַּ֥ד לְתָמָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֥ה חָמִ֛יךְ עֹלֶ֥ה תִמְנָ֖תָה לָגֹ֥ז צֹאנֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyuggad* to *Tāmār* *lēʾmōr*, behold, your *ḥāmîḵ* *ʿōleh* to *Timnātāh* to *lāgōz* his *ṣōʾnô*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive + hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ḥāmîḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father-in-law",
"*ʿōleh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going up",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah",
"*lāgōz*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to shear",
"*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/reported/announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*ʿōleh*": "going up/ascending/traveling",
"*lāgōz*": "to shear/to cut wool from"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.14",
"source": "וַתָּסַר֩ בִּגְדֵ֨י אַלְמְנוּתָ֜הּ מֵֽעָלֶ֗יהָ וַתְּכַ֤ס בַּצָּעִיף֙ וַתִּתְעַלָּ֔ף וַתֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בְּפֶ֣תַח עֵינַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֣רֶךְ תִּמְנָ֑תָה כִּ֤י רָאֲתָה֙ כִּֽי־גָדַ֣ל שֵׁלָ֔ה וְהִ֕וא לֹֽא־נִתְּנָ֥ה ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה",
"text": "And *wattāsar* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattəkas* with the *baṣṣāʿîp* and *wattitʿallāp* and *wattēšeb* in *betaḥ* *ʿênayim* which is on *dereḵ* *Timnātāh*, for *rāʾătāh* that *gādal* *Šēlāh* and she *lōʾ*-*nittənāh* to him *ləʾiššāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed",
"*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*wattəkas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she covered",
"*baṣṣāʿîp*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - with the veil",
"*wattitʿallāp*": "waw-consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she wrapped herself",
"*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she sat",
"*betaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the entrance of",
"*ʿênayim*": "noun, dual - Enaim/two springs",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way to/road to",
"*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah",
"*rāʾătāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw",
"*gādal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had grown up",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nittənāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was given",
"*ləʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for a wife"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off/put aside",
"*bigdê*": "garments/clothes",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments",
"*wattəkas*": "and she covered/concealed",
"*baṣṣāʿîp*": "with the veil/with the wrapper/with the shawl",
"*wattitʿallāp*": "and she wrapped herself/disguised herself/covered herself",
"*wattēšeb*": "and she sat/remained/dwelled",
"*betaḥ*": "in the entrance of/at the opening of/at the gateway of",
"*ʿênayim*": "Enaim (place name)/two springs/double fountain",
"*rāʾătāh*": "she saw/perceived/understood",
"*gādal*": "had grown up/matured/became older",
"*nittənāh*": "she was given/provided/offered"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.15",
"source": "וַיִּרְאֶ֣הָ יְהוּדָ֔ה וֽ͏ַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֖הָ לְזוֹנָ֑ה כִּ֥י כִסְּתָ֖ה פָּנֶֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyirʾehā* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaḥšəbehā* for *zônāh*, for *kissətāh* her *pāneyhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirʾehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he saw her",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he thought her",
"*zônāh*": "noun, feminine singular - prostitute",
"*kissətāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she had covered",
"*pāneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her face"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyirʾehā*": "and he saw her/noticed her/observed her",
"*wayyaḥšəbehā*": "and he thought her/considered her/took her for",
"*zônāh*": "prostitute/harlot",
"*kissətāh*": "she had covered/concealed/veiled"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.16",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨ט אֵלֶ֜יהָ אֶל־הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הָֽבָה־נָּא֙ אָב֣וֹא אֵלַ֔יִךְ כִּ֚י לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י כַלָּת֖וֹ הִ֑וא וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִּ֔י כִּ֥י תָב֖וֹא אֵלָֽי",
"text": "And *wayyēṭ* unto her by the *haddereḵ* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hābāh*-*nāʾ* *ʾābôʾ* unto you, for *lōʾ* *yādaʿ* that his *kallātô* she *hîʾ*. And *wattōʾmer*, what *titten*-to me if *tābôʾ* unto me?",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside",
"*haddereḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hābāh*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - give/come",
"*nāʾ*": "particle - please",
"*ʾābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - let me come in",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he knew",
"*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular personal pronoun - she",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*titten*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give",
"*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you come in"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/turned toward/approached",
"*hābāh*": "come/give/let me",
"*ʾābôʾ*": "let me come in/let me have relations with",
"*yādaʿ*": "he knew/recognized/was aware",
"*titten*": "you will give/provide/offer",
"*tābôʾ*": "you come in/have relations with"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אָנֹכִ֛י אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח גְּדִֽי־עִזִּ֖ים מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן וַתֹּ֕אמֶר אִם־תִּתֵּ֥ן עֵרָב֖וֹן עַ֥ד שָׁלְחֶֽךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, I *ʾăšallaḥ* *gədî*-*ʿizzîm* from the *haṣṣōʾn*. And *wattōʾmer*, if *tittēn* *ʿērābôn* until your *šālḥeḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will send",
"*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of",
"*ʿizzîm*": "noun, feminine plural - goats",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the flock",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*tittēn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will give",
"*ʿērābôn*": "noun, masculine singular - pledge",
"*šālḥeḵā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sending"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/deliver",
"*gədî*": "young goat/kid",
"*tittēn*": "you will give/provide/offer",
"*ʿērābôn*": "pledge/security/guarantee",
"*šālḥeḵā*": "your sending/until you send"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָ֣ה הֽ͏ָעֵרָבוֹן֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶתֶּן־לָּךְ֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר חֹתָֽמְךָ֙ וּפְתִילֶ֔ךָ וּמַטְּךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וַיִּתֶּן־לָּ֛הּ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַתַּ֥הַר לֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*, what *hāʿērābôn* that *ʾettēn*-to you? And *wattōʾmer*, your *ḥōtāməḵā* and your *pətîleḵā* and your *maṭṭəḵā* which are in your *bəyādeḵā*. And *wayyittēn*-to her and *wayyābōʾ* unto her and *wattahar* by him",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge",
"*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I shall give",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seal",
"*pətîleḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your cord",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff",
"*bəyādeḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your hand",
"*wayyittēn*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in",
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee",
"*ʾettēn*": "I shall give/provide/offer",
"*ḥōtāməḵā*": "your seal/signet ring",
"*pətîleḵā*": "your cord/string/ribbon",
"*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/rod/walking stick",
"*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/provided/handed over",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in/had relations with",
"*wattahar*": "and she conceived/became pregnant"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.19",
"source": "וַתָּ֣קָם וַתֵּ֔לֶךְ וַתָּ֥סַר צְעִיפָ֖הּ מֵעָלֶ֑יהָ וַתִּלְבַּ֖שׁ בִּגְדֵ֥י אַלְמְנוּתָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wattāqām* and *wattēleḵ* and *wattāsar* her *ṣəʿîpāh* from *mēʿāleyhā* and *wattilbaš* *bigdê* her *ʾalmənûtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wattāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she arose",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*wattāsar*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she removed",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her veil",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*wattilbaš*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she put on",
"*bigdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - garments of",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her widowhood"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāqām*": "and she arose/got up/stood up",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed/left",
"*wattāsar*": "and she removed/took off",
"*ṣəʿîpāh*": "her veil/shawl/covering",
"*wattilbaš*": "and she put on/wore/dressed in",
"*bigdê*": "garments/clothes",
"*ʾalmənûtāh*": "her widowhood/her widow's garments"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.20",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח יְהוּדָ֜ה אֶת־גְּדִ֣י הָֽעִזִּ֗ים בְּיַד֙ רֵעֵ֣הוּ הָֽעֲדֻלָּמִ֔י לָקַ֥חַת הָעֵרָב֖וֹן מִיַּ֣ד הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלֹ֖א מְצָאָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Yehûdāh* *ʾet*-*gədî* the *hāʿizzîm* by *bəyad* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *lāqaḥat* the *hāʿērābôn* from *miyyad* the *hāʾiššāh*, and *lōʾ* *məṣāʾāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gədî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - young goat of",
"*hāʿizzîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the goats",
"*bəyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the hand of",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend",
"*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite",
"*lāqaḥat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to take",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the pledge",
"*miyyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of",
"*hāʾiššāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the woman",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he found her"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched",
"*gədî*": "young goat/kid",
"*lāqaḥat*": "to take/retrieve/get back",
"*hāʿērābôn*": "the pledge/security/guarantee",
"*məṣāʾāh*": "he found her/located her"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.21",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֤י מְקֹמָהּ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אַיֵּ֧ה הַקְּדֵשָׁ֛ה הִ֥וא בָעֵינַ֖יִם עַל־הַדָּ֑רֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה",
"text": "And *wayyišʾal* *ʾet*-*ʾanšê* her *məqōmāh* *lēʾmōr*, where is the *haqqədēšāh* who was in *bāʿênayim* on the *haddāreḵ*? And *wayyōʾmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he asked",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*məqōmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her place",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*haqqədēšāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cult prostitute",
"*bāʿênayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Enaim",
"*haddāreḵ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was",
"*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišʾal*": "and he asked/inquired of",
"*məqōmāh*": "her place/her location/her town",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*haqqədēšāh*": "the cult prostitute/temple prostitute/sacred woman",
"*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.22",
"source": "וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לֹ֣א מְצָאתִ֑יהָ וְגַ֨ם אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמָּקוֹם֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹא־הָיְתָ֥ה בָזֶ֖ה קְדֵשָֽׁה",
"text": "And *wayyāšāb* unto *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtîhā*, and also *ʾanšê* the *hammāqôm* *ʾāmərû*, *lōʾ*-*hāyətāh* here *qədēšāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I found her",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the place",
"*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she was",
"*qədēšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cult prostitute"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "and he returned/came back",
"*məṣāʾtîhā*": "I found her/located her/discovered her",
"*ʾāmərû*": "they said/declared/stated",
"*hāyətāh*": "she was/has been/existed"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.23",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֔הּ פֶּ֖ן נִהְיֶ֣ה לָב֑וּז הִנֵּ֤ה שָׁלַ֙חְתִּי֙ הַגְּדִ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א מְצָאתָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *tiqqaḥ*-to her, lest *nihyeh* to *lābûz*. Behold, *šālaḥtî* the *haggedî* the *hazzeh*, and you *lōʾ* *məṣāʾtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - let her take",
"*nihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we become",
"*lābûz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to contempt/ridicule",
"*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I sent",
"*haggedî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the young goat",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*məṣāʾtāh*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - you found her"
},
"variants": {
"*tiqqaḥ*": "let her take/keep/have",
"*nihyeh*": "we become/turn into/end up as",
"*lābûz*": "to contempt/mockery/ridicule/scorn",
"*šālaḥtî*": "I sent/dispatched",
"*məṣāʾtāh*": "you found her/located her"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.24",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמִשְׁלֹ֣שׁ חֳדָשִׁ֗ים וַיֻּגַּ֨ד לִֽיהוּדָ֤ה לֽ͏ֵאמֹר֙ זָֽנְתָה֙ תָּמָ֣ר כַּלָּתֶ֔ךָ וְגַ֛ם הִנֵּ֥ה הָרָ֖ה לִזְנוּנִ֑ים וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֔ה הוֹצִיא֖וּהָ וְתִשָּׂרֵֽף",
"text": "And *wayehî* after about three *ḥŏdāšîm*, and *wayyuggad* to *Yehûdāh* *lēʾmōr*, *zānətāh* *Tāmār* your *kallāteḵā*, and also behold, she is *hārāh* to *liznûnîm*. And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh*, *hôṣîʾûhā* and *wətiśśārēp*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months",
"*wayyuggad*": "waw-consecutive + hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*zānətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has played the harlot",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*kallāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter-in-law",
"*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant",
"*liznûnîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - by harlotry",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*hôṣîʾûhā*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - bring her out",
"*wətiśśārēp*": "waw-conjunctive + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular jussive - and let her be burned"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*wayyuggad*": "and it was told/reported/announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*zānətāh*": "she has played the harlot/prostituted herself/been sexually immoral",
"*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child",
"*liznûnîm*": "by harlotry/by prostitution/by sexual immorality",
"*hôṣîʾûhā*": "bring her out/take her out",
"*wətiśśārēp*": "and let her be burned/let her be executed by fire"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.25",
"source": "הִ֣וא מוּצֵ֗את וְהִ֨יא שָׁלְחָ֤ה אֶל־חָמִ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֣לֶּה לּ֔וֹ אָנֹכִ֖י הָרָ֑ה וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַכֶּר־נָ֔א לְמִ֞י הַחֹתֶ֧מֶת וְהַפְּתִילִ֛ים וְהַמַּטֶּ֖ה הָאֵֽלֶּה",
"text": "She *mûṣēʾt* and she *šāləḥāh* unto her *ḥāmîhā* *lēʾmōr*, by *ləʾîš* that these belong to *lô*, I am *hārāh*. And *wattōʾmer*, *hakker*-*nāʾ* to whom the *haḥōtemet* and the *hapətîlîm* and the *hammaṭṭeh* *hāʾēlleh*?",
"grammar": {
"*mûṣēʾt*": "hophal participle, feminine singular - being brought out",
"*šāləḥāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sent",
"*ḥāmîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father-in-law",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ləʾîš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - by the man",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*hārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - pregnant",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*hakker*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - recognize/identify",
"*nāʾ*": "particle - please",
"*haḥōtemet*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the seal",
"*hapətîlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the cords",
"*hammaṭṭeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the staff",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these"
},
"variants": {
"*mûṣēʾt*": "being brought out/as she was being taken out",
"*šāləḥāh*": "she sent/dispatched/had someone take",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*ləʾîš*": "by the man/to the man",
"*hārāh*": "pregnant/with child",
"*hakker*": "recognize/identify/acknowledge"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.26",
"source": "וַיַּכֵּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ צָֽדְקָ֣ה מִמֶּ֔נִּי כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן לֹא־נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְשֵׁלָ֣ה בְנִ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְדַעְתָּֽה",
"text": "And *wayyakkēr* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyōʾmer*, *ṣādəqāh* from me, for therefore *lōʾ*-*nətattîhā* to *Šēlāh* *bənî*, and *lōʾ*-*yāsap* again *lədaʿtāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyakkēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he recognized",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ṣādəqāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is more righteous",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*nətattîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I gave her",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāsap*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he continued",
"*lədaʿtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to know her"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyakkēr*": "and he recognized/identified/acknowledged",
"*ṣādəqāh*": "she is more righteous/she is right/she is just",
"*nətattîhā*": "I gave her/provided her/offered her",
"*yāsap*": "he continued/added/proceeded",
"*lədaʿtāh*": "to know her/to have relations with her"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.27",
"source": "וַיְהִ֖י בְּעֵ֣ת לִדְתָּ֑הּ וְהִנֵּ֥ה תְאוֹמִ֖ים בְּבִטְנָֽהּ",
"text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* her *lidtāh*, and behold, *təʾômîm* in her *bəbiṭnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*lidtāh*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her giving birth",
"*təʾômîm*": "noun, masculine plural - twins",
"*bəbiṭnāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her womb"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*ʿēt*": "time/period",
"*lidtāh*": "her giving birth/her delivery",
"*təʾômîm*": "twins/a pair",
"*bəbiṭnāh*": "in her womb/in her belly"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.28",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י בְלִדְתָּ֖הּ וַיִּתֶּן־יָ֑ד וַתִּקַּ֣ח הַמְיַלֶּ֗דֶת וַתִּקְשֹׁ֨ר עַל־יָד֤וֹ שָׁנִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר זֶ֖ה יָצָ֥א רִאשֹׁנָֽה",
"text": "And *wayehî* in her *bəlidtāh* and *wayyitten*-*yād*, and *wattiqaḥ* the *hameyalledet* and *wattiqšōr* on his *yādô* *šānî* *lēʾmōr*, this one *yāṣāʾ* *rīʾšōnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*bəlidtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her giving birth",
"*wayyitten*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand",
"*wattiqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she took",
"*hameyalledet*": "definite article + piel participle, feminine singular - the midwife",
"*wattiqšōr*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she tied",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*šānî*": "noun, masculine singular - scarlet thread",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out",
"*rīʾšōnāh*": "adverb - first"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*bəlidtāh*": "in her giving birth/while she was in labor",
"*wayyitten*": "and he gave/put out/extended",
"*yād*": "hand/arm",
"*wattiqaḥ*": "and she took/grasped",
"*hameyalledet*": "the midwife/the one helping with birth",
"*wattiqšōr*": "and she tied/bound/fastened",
"*šānî*": "scarlet thread/crimson cord",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged",
"*rīʾšōnāh*": "first/firstly"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.29",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כְּמֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֗וֹ וְהִנֵּה֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר מַה־פָּרַ֖צְתָּ עָלֶ֣יךָ פָּ֑רֶץ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ פָּֽרֶץ",
"text": "And *wayehî* as he *kəmēšîb* his *yādô*, and behold, *yāṣāʾ* his *ʾāḥîw*. And *wattōʾmer*, how *pāraṣtā* upon you *pāreṣ*! And *wayyiqrāʾ* his *šemô* *Pāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*kəmēšîb*": "preposition + hiphil participle, masculine singular - as withdrawing",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*pāraṣtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have broken out",
"*pāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - breach",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Pāreṣ*": "proper noun, masculine - Perez"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass",
"*kəmēšîb*": "as withdrawing/as pulling back/when returning",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged",
"*wattōʾmer*": "and she said/exclaimed",
"*pāraṣtā*": "you have broken out/burst forth/made a breach",
"*pāreṣ*": "breach/breaking out",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.30",
"source": "וְאַחַר֙ יָצָ֣א אָחִ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־יָד֖וֹ הַשָּׁנִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ זָֽרַח",
"text": "And afterward *yāṣāʾ* his *ʾāḥîw* who had on his *yādô* the *haššānî*, and *wayyiqrāʾ* his *šemô* *Zāraḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came out",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*haššānî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the scarlet thread",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Zāraḥ*": "proper noun, masculine - Zerah"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "he came out/emerged",
"*haššānî*": "the scarlet thread/crimson cord",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named"
}
}