Genesis 35:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.35.4", "source": "וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדָ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנְּזָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּטְמֹ֤ן אֹתָם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב תַּ֥חַת הָאֵלָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שְׁכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyittenû* unto *yaʿăqōb* *ʾēt kol-ʾĕlōhê hannēkār* *ʾăšer* *bȇyādām* and *ʾet-hannȇzāmîm* *ʾăšer* *bȇʾoznêhem*, and *wayyiṭmōn* *ʾōtām* *yaʿăqōb* *taḥat hāʾēlâ* *ʾăšer* *ʿim-šȇkem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyittenû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they gave", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun, indirect object - Jacob", "*ʾēt kol-ʾĕlōhê*": "direct object marker + construct noun + masculine plural construct noun - all the gods of", "*hannēkār*": "article + masculine singular noun - the foreign/strange", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*bȇyādām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their hand", "*ʾet-hannȇzāmîm*": "direct object marker + article + masculine plural noun - the earrings/nose rings", "*bȇʾoznêhem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their ears", "*wayyiṭmōn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hid", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*hāʾēlâ*": "article + feminine singular noun - the oak/terebinth", "*ʿim-šȇkem*": "preposition + proper noun - near/by Shechem" }, "variants": { "*wayyittenû*": "and they gave/and they handed over", "*ʾĕlōhê hannēkār*": "foreign gods/strange deities/gods of foreigners", "*bȇyādām*": "in their hand/in their possession", "*hannȇzāmîm*": "earrings/nose rings/jewelry", "*wayyiṭmōn*": "and he hid/and he buried", "*hāʾēlâ*": "the terebinth/the oak/large tree", "*ʿim-šȇkem*": "with Shechem/near Shechem/by Shechem (as a geographic location)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּתְּנ֣וּ אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֗ב אֵ֣ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֤י הַנֵּכָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדָ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנְּזָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּטְמֹ֤ן אֹתָם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב תַּ֥חַת הָאֵלָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שְׁכֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And wayyittenû unto yaʿăqōb ʾēt kol-ʾĕlōhê hannēkār ʾăšer bȇyādām and ʾet-hannȇzāmîm ʾăšer bȇʾoznêhem, and wayyiṭmōn ʾōtām yaʿăqōb taḥat hāʾēlâ ʾăšer ʿim-šȇkem.

Grammar Details

• *wayyittenû*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they gave
• *yaʿăqōb*: proper noun, indirect object - Jacob
• *ʾēt kol-ʾĕlōhê*: direct object marker + construct noun + masculine plural construct noun - all the gods of
• *hannēkār*: article + masculine singular noun - the foreign/strange
• *ʾăšer*: relative particle - which/that
• *bȇyādām*: preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their hand
• *ʾet-hannȇzāmîm*: direct object marker + article + masculine plural noun - the earrings/nose rings
• *bȇʾoznêhem*: preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their ears
• *wayyiṭmōn*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hid
• *ʾōtām*: direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them
• *taḥat*: preposition - under
• *hāʾēlâ*: article + feminine singular noun - the oak/terebinth
• *ʿim-šȇkem*: preposition + proper noun - near/by Shechem

Word Meanings

• *wayyittenû*: and they gave/and they handed over
• *ʾĕlōhê hannēkār*: foreign gods/strange deities/gods of foreigners
• *bȇyādām*: in their hand/in their possession
• *hannȇzāmîm*: earrings/nose rings/jewelry
• *wayyiṭmōn*: and he hid/and he buried
• *hāʾēlâ*: the terebinth/the oak/large tree
• *ʿim-šȇkem*: with Shechem/near Shechem/by Shechem (as a geographic location)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  So they gave to Jacob all the foreign gods they had and the earrings they were wearing, and Jacob buried them under the oak tree near Shechem.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And they gave unto Jacob all the stran gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And they gave to Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And they gave unto Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And they gaue vnto Iacob all the straunge goddes which were vnder their handes ad all their earynges which were in their eares and Iacob hyd them vnder an ooke at Sichem.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then gaue they him all the straunge goddes that were vnder their handes, and their earynges, and he buried them vnder an Oke that stode besyde Sichem,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And they gaue vnto Iaakob all the strange gods, which were in their hands, and all their earings which were in their eares, and Iaakob hidde them vnder an oke, which was by Shechem.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they gaue vnto Iacob all the straunge gods whiche they had in their hand, and al their earinges which were in theyr eares, and Iacob hyd them vnder an oke whiche was by Sichem.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which [were] in their hand, and [all their] earrings which [were] in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which [was] by Shechem.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  They gave to Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And they give unto Jacob all the gods of the stranger that `are' in their hand, and the rings that `are' in their ears, and Jacob hideth them under the oak which `is' by Shechem;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they gave unto Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And they gave unto Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then they gave to Jacob all the strange gods which they had, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob put them away under the holy tree at Shechem.

• World English Bible (2000)

  They gave to Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession and the rings that were in their ears. Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem

Referenced Verses

• Judg 9:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.9.6", "source": "וַיֵּאָסְפוּ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְכָל־בֵּית מִלּוֹא וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּמְלִיכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לְמֶלֶךְ עִם־אֵלוֹן מֻצָּב אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁכֶם", "text": "*wa-yēʾāsəpû* *kol*-*baʿălê* *šəkem* *wə-kol*-*bêt* *millôʾ* *wa-yēləkû* *wa-yamlikû* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîmelek* *lə-melek* *ʿim*-*ʾēlôn* *muṣṣāb* *ʾăšer* *bi-šəkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēʾāsəpû*": "Niphal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they gathered", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of", "*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction with construct noun - and all of", "*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of", "*millôʾ*": "proper noun - Millo", "*wa-yēləkû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they went", "*wa-yamlikû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they made king", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine - Abimelech", "*lə-melek*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - as king", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with/by", "*ʾēlôn*": "noun, masculine singular - oak/terebinth", "*muṣṣāb*": "Hophal participle, masculine singular - erected/set up", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bi-šəkem*": "preposition with proper noun - in Shechem" }, "variants": { "*millôʾ*": "Millo (proper name of a place/fortress)", "*ʾēlôn* *muṣṣāb*": "oak/terebinth pillar/monument/standing stone" } }
• Josh 24:25-26 : 25 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.25", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֧עַ בְּרִ֛ית לָעָ֖ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּ֥שֶׂם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט בִּשְׁכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yikrōt* *yəhôšuaʿ* *bərît* *lā-ʿām* *ba-yôm* *ha-hûʾ* *wa-yāśem* *lô* *ḥōq* *û-mišpāṭ* *bi-šəkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he cut", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*lā-ʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - for the people", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - that", "*wa-yāśem*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he set/established", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for him/it", "*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - statute/decree", "*û-mišpāṭ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and judgment/ordinance", "*bi-šəkem*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shechem" }, "variants": { "*kārōt bərît*": "cut a covenant/make a covenant/establish a treaty", "*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance/law", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/ordinance/legal decision" } } 26 { "verseID": "Joshua.24.26", "source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֤ב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקַּח֙ אֶ֣בֶן גְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַיְקִימֶ֣הָ שָּׁ֔ם תַּ֚חַת הָֽאַלָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּמִקְדַּ֥שׁ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yiktōb* *yəhôšuaʿ* *ʾet*-*ha-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *bə-sēper* *tôrat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-yiqqaḥ* *ʾeben* *gədôlāh* *wa-yəqîmehā* *šām* *taḥat* *hā-ʾallāh* *ʾăšer* *bə-miqdaš* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiktōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he wrote", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-dəbārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the words", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*bə-sēper*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he took", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone", "*gədôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - large/great", "*wa-yəqîmehā*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular apocopated + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and he set it up", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*hā-ʾallāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the oak/terebinth", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*bə-miqdaš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in sanctuary of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton" }, "variants": { "*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*sēper tôrat ʾĕlōhîm*": "book of the law of God/book of God's instruction", "*ʾeben*": "stone/rock", "*yəqîmehā*": "set it up/erect it/establish it", "*ʾallāh*": "oak/terebinth/large tree", "*miqdaš*": "sanctuary/holy place" } }
• Judg 8:24-27 : 24 { "verseID": "Judges.8.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֜ם גִּדְע֗וֹן אֶשְׁאֲלָ֤ה מִכֶּם֙ שְׁאֵלָ֔ה וּתְנוּ־לִ֕י אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֣זֶם שְׁלָל֑וֹ כִּֽי־נִזְמֵ֤י זָהָב֙ לָהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י יִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֖ים הֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* [said] *ʾălêhem* [to them] *gidʿôn* [Gideon], *ʾešʾălāh* [let me request] *mikkem* [from you] *šəʾēlāh* [a request], and *ûtənû*-*lî* [give to me] *ʾîš* [each man] *nezem* [earring of] *šəlālô* [his spoil]; *kî*-*nizmê* [for earrings of] *zāhāb* [gold] *lāhem* [to them], *kî* [because] *yišməʿēlîm* [Ishmaelites] *hēm* [they were].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition *ʾel* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ʾešʾălāh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular of *šāʾal* - let me request", "*mikkem*": "preposition *min* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from you", "*šəʾēlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - a request", "*ûtənû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural of *nātan* - and give", "*lî*": "preposition *lə* + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*nezem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - earring of", "*šəlālô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his spoil", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nizmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - earrings of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*lāhem*": "preposition *lə* + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*yišməʿēlîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Ishmaelites", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they" }, "variants": { "*nezem*": "earring/nose ring/jewelry", "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.8.25", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ נָת֣וֹן נִתֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּפְרְשׂוּ֙ אֶת־הַשִּׂמְלָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁלִ֣יכוּ שָׁ֔מָּה אִ֖ישׁ נֶ֥זֶם שְׁלָלֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmərû* [they said], *nātôn* [giving] *nittēn* [we will give]; and *wayyiprəśû* [they spread out] *ʾet*-*haśśimlāh* [the garment], and *wayyašlîkû* [they threw] *šāmmāh* [there] *ʾîš* [each man] *nezem* [earring of] *šəlālô* [his spoil].", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said", "*nātôn*": "qal infinitive absolute of *nātan* - giving", "*nittēn*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural of *nātan* - we will give", "*wayyiprəśû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *pāraś* - and they spread out", "*haśśimlāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the garment", "*wayyašlîkû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *šālak* - and they threw", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each man", "*nezem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - earring of", "*šəlālô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his spoil" }, "variants": { "*nātôn* *nittēn*": "we will surely give (emphatic infinitive + imperfect construction)", "*śimlāh*": "garment/cloak/mantle", "*nezem*": "earring/nose ring/jewelry" } } 26 { "verseID": "Judges.8.26", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִשְׁקַ֞ל נִזְמֵ֤י הַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁאָ֔ל אֶ֥לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵא֖וֹת זָהָ֑ב לְ֠בַד מִן־הַשַּׂהֲרֹנִ֨ים וְהַנְּטִפ֜וֹת וּבִגְדֵ֣י הָאַרְגָּמָ֗ן שֶׁעַל֙ מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֔ן וּלְבַד֙ מִן־הָ֣עֲנָק֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּצַוְּארֵ֥י גְמַלֵּיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* [it was], *mišqal* [weight of] *nizmê* [earrings of] *hazzāhāb* [the gold] *ʾăšer* [which] *šāʾāl* [he requested], *ʾelep* [thousand] *ûšəbaʿ*-*mēʾôt* [and seven hundred] *zāhāb* [gold]; *ləbad* [besides] *min*-*haśśahărōnîm* [the crescents] and *wəhannəṭipôt* [the pendants] and *ûbigdê* [garments of] *hāʾargāmān* [the purple] *šeʿal* [which were on] *malkê* [kings of] *midyān* [Midian], and *ûləbad* [besides] *min*-*hāʿănāqôt* [the chains] *ʾăšer* [which were] *bəṣawwərê* [on the necks of] *gəmallêhem* [their camels].", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it was", "*mišqal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - weight of", "*nizmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - earrings of", "*hazzāhāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*šāʾāl*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he requested", "*ʾelep*": "number - thousand", "*ûšəbaʿ*": "conjunction + number - and seven", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural of *mēʾâ* - hundred", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ləbad*": "preposition - besides/apart from", "*min*-*haśśahărōnîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - from the crescents", "*wəhannəṭipôt*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine plural - and the pendants", "*ûbigdê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and garments of", "*hāʾargāmān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the purple", "*šeʿal*": "relative pronoun + preposition - which were on", "*malkê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ûləbad*": "conjunction + preposition - and besides", "*min*-*hāʿănāqôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine plural - from the chains", "*bəṣawwərê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - on the necks of", "*gəmallêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their camels" }, "variants": { "*ʾargāmān*": "purple/purple material/purple garments", "*śahărōnîm*": "crescents/moon-shaped ornaments", "*nəṭipôt*": "pendants/drops/earrings", "*ʿănāqôt*": "chains/necklaces" } } 27 { "verseID": "Judges.8.27", "source": "וַיַּעַשׂ֩ אוֹת֨וֹ גִדְע֜וֹן לְאֵפ֗וֹד וַיַּצֵּ֨ג אוֹת֤וֹ בְעִירוֹ֙ בְּעָפְרָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֧וּ כָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אַחֲרָ֖יו שָׁ֑ם וַיְהִ֛י לְגִדְע֥וֹן וּלְבֵית֖וֹ לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaś* [made] *ʾôtô* [it] *gidʿôn* [Gideon] *ləʾēpôd* [into an ephod], and *wayyaṣṣēg* [placed] *ʾôtô* [it] *bəʿîrô* [in his city] *bəʿoprāh* [in Ophrah], and *wayyiznû* [prostituted themselves] *kol*-*yiśrāʾēl* [all Israel] *ʾaḥărāyw* [after it] *šām* [there]; and *wayəhî* [it became] *ləgidʿôn* [to Gideon] and *ûləbêtô* [to his house] *ləmôqēš* [as a snare].", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʿāśâ* - and made", "*ʾôtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it", "*gidʿôn*": "proper noun - Gideon", "*ləʾēpôd*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular - into an ephod", "*wayyaṣṣēg*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nāṣag* - and placed", "*bəʿîrô*": "preposition *bə* + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his city", "*bəʿoprāh*": "preposition *bə* + proper noun - in Ophrah", "*wayyiznû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *zānâ* - and prostituted themselves", "*kol*-*yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - all Israel", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition *ʾaḥar* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it became", "*ləgidʿôn*": "preposition *lə* + proper noun - to Gideon", "*ûləbêtô*": "conjunction + preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his house", "*ləmôqēš*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular - as a snare" }, "variants": { "*ʾēpôd*": "ephod (priestly garment/sacred object)", "*mô qēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block", "*zānâ*": "prostitute oneself/be unfaithful (often used of spiritual apostasy)" } }
• Isa 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.2.20", "source": "בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ־לוֹ֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּר֖וֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים׃", "text": "In-the-*yôm* the-*hûʾ* *yašlîk* the-*ʾādām* *ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *kaspô* and-*ʾēt* *ʾĕlîlê* *zəhābô* which *ʿāśû*-for-him to-*ləhištaḥăwōt*, to-the-*ḥăpōr* *pērôt* and-to-the-*ʿăṭallēpîm*.", "grammar": { "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*yašlîk*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will throw/cast away", "*hā-ʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - mankind/humanity", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*kaspô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his silver", "*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*zəhābô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gold", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿāśû-lô*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made for him", "*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + verb, hishtaphel infinitive construct - to worship/bow down", "*la-ḥăpōr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the mole", "*pērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - rats", "*wə-lā-ʿăṭallēpîm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and to the bats" }, "variants": { "*yašlîk*": "will throw/cast away/discard", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "idols/worthless things/nothings", "*ləhištaḥăwōt*": "to worship/bow down/prostrate oneself", "*ḥăpōr pērôt*": "moles/burrowing animals/rodents", "*ʿăṭallēpîm*": "bats/flying creatures" } }
• Isa 30:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.22", "source": "וְטִמֵּאתֶם אֶת־צִפּוּי פְּסִילֵי כַסְפֶּךָ וְאֶת־אֲפֻדַּת מַסֵּכַת זְהָבֶךָ תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ׃", "text": "And you shall *ṭimmēʾtem* *ʾet* [the] *ṣippûy* of your *pesîlê* of *kaspekā* and *ʾet* [the] *ʾăpuddat* of [the] *massēḵat* of your *zehābeḵā*. You shall *tizrēm* like a *dāwâ*; \"*ṣēʾ*,\" you shall *tōʾmar* to it.", "grammar": { "*ṭimmēʾtem*": "piel perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you will defile", "*ṣippûy*": "masculine singular construct - overlay/plating of", "*pesîlê*": "masculine plural construct - carved images of", "*kaspekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your silver", "*ʾăpuddat*": "feminine singular construct - covering of", "*massēḵat*": "feminine singular construct - molten image of", "*zehābeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gold", "*tizrēm*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you will scatter them", "*dāwâ*": "feminine singular noun - menstruous woman", "*ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go out", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will say" }, "variants": { "*ṭimmēʾtem*": "you will defile/make unclean/treat as unclean", "*ṣippûy*": "overlay/plating/covering of", "*pesîlê*": "carved images/idols of", "*kaspekā*": "your silver/money", "*ʾăpuddat*": "covering/wrapping/ephod of", "*massēḵat*": "molten image/cast idol of", "*zehābeḵā*": "your gold", "*tizrēm*": "you will scatter them/disperse them/throw them away", "*dāwâ*": "menstruous woman/impure thing", "*ṣēʾ*": "go out/get out/depart", "*tōʾmar*": "you will say/tell/command" } }
• Hos 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.13", "source": "‫וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃‬", "text": "And *hišbattî* all-*məśôśāh*, *ḥaggāh*, *ḥodšāh* and *šabbattāh*, and all *môʿădāh*.", "grammar": { "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to cease", "*məśôśāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her joy", "*ḥaggāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her feast", "*ḥodšāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her new moon", "*šabbattāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sabbath", "*môʿădāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her appointed time" }, "variants": { "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/terminate", "*məśôśāh*": "her joy/rejoicing/mirth", "*ḥaggāh*": "her feast/festival/celebration", "*ḥodšāh*": "her new moon (festival)", "*šabbattāh*": "her sabbath/day of rest", "*môʿădāh*": "her appointed time/festival/assembly" } }
• Exod 32:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אַהֲרֹ֔ן פָּֽרְקוּ֙ נִזְמֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָבִ֖יאוּ אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* to them *ʾAhărōn*, *pārəqū* *nizmê* the *hazzāhāb* which in *ʾoznê* your *nəšêkem*, your *bənêkem* and your *bənōtêkem*, and *hābîʾū* to me.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*pārəqū*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - break off/tear off", "*nizmê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - rings of", "*hazzāhāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the gold", "*ʾoznê*": "construct noun, feminine plural - ears of", "*nəšêkem*": "noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your wives", "*bənêkem*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*bənōtêkem*": "noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*hābîʾū*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - bring" }, "variants": { "*pārəqū*": "break off/tear off/remove", "*nizmê*": "rings/earrings/nose-rings" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.3", "source": "וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙ כָּל־הָעָ֔ם אֶת־נִזְמֵ֥י הַזָּהָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃", "text": "And *wayyitpārəqū* all the *hāʿām* *ʾet*-*nizmê* the *hazzāhāb* which in their *ʾoznêhem*, and *wayyābîʾū* to *ʾAhărōn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyitpārəqū*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tore off themselves", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nizmê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - rings of", "*hazzāhāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the gold", "*ʾoznêhem*": "noun feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ears", "*wayyābîʾū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they brought" }, "variants": { "*wayyitpārəqū*": "they tore off themselves/they stripped themselves", "*nizmê*": "rings/earrings/nose-rings" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.4", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח מִיָּדָ֗ם וַיָּ֤צַר אֹתוֹ֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* from their *miyyādām* and *wayyāṣar* *ʾōtô* with the *ḥereṭ* and *wayyaʿăśēhū* *ʿēgel* *massēkāh*, and *wayyōmərū*, These your *ʾĕlōheykā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *heʿĕlūkā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he took", "*miyyādām*": "preposition + noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their hand", "*wayyāṣar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he formed/fashioned", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it/him", "*ḥereṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - engraving tool/stylus", "*wayyaʿăśēhū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he made it", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf", "*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*wayyōmərū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heʿĕlūkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they brought you up" }, "variants": { "*ḥereṭ*": "engraving tool/stylus/chisel/mold", "*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/molten metal", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "your gods/your God/your divine beings" } }
• Exod 32:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.20", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הָעֵ֨גֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּטְחַ֖ן עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק וַיִּ֙זֶר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqqach* *'et*-the-*'egel* which *'asu* and-*wayyisrof* in-the-*'esh* and-*wayyitchan* until which-*daq* and-*wayyizer* on-*pene* the-*mayim* and-*wayyashq* *'et*-*bene* *Yisra'el*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqach*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - took", "*'egel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the calf", "*'asu*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made", "*wayyisrof*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - burned", "*'esh*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in fire", "*wayyitchan*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - ground", "*daq*": "adjective, masculine singular - fine/thin", "*wayyizer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - scattered", "*pene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*wayyashq*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - made drink", "*bene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yisra'el*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyisrof*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*wayyitchan*": "ground/pulverized/crushed", "*daq*": "fine/thin/powder", "*wayyizer*": "scattered/strewed/sprinkled", "*wayyashq*": "made drink/gave to drink/forced to drink" } }
• Deut 7:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.5", "source": "כִּֽי־אִם־כֹּ֤ה תַעֲשׂוּ֙ לָהֶ֔ם מִזְבְּחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם תִּתֹּ֔צוּ וּמַצֵּבֹתָ֖ם תְּשַׁבֵּ֑רוּ וַאֲשֵֽׁירֵהֶם֙ תְּגַדֵּע֔וּן וּפְסִילֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֥וּן בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "But thus *taʿăśû* to them: their *mizbəḥōtêhem* you *tittōṣû*, and their *maṣṣēvōtām* you *təšabbērû*, and their *ʾăšêrêhem* you *təgaddēʿûn*, and their *pəsîlêhem* you *tiśrəpûn* with the *ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*mizbəḥōtêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their altars", "*tittōṣû*": "Piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall break down/demolish", "*maṣṣēvōtām*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sacred pillars", "*təšabbērû*": "Piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall smash/break in pieces", "*ʾăšêrêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their Asherim/sacred poles", "*təgaddēʿûn*": "Piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall cut down/chop down", "*pəsîlêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their carved images/idols", "*tiśrəpûn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall burn", "*ʾēš*": "noun feminine singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśû*": "do/act/perform", "*mizbəḥōtêhem*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*tittōṣû*": "break down/tear down/demolish", "*maṣṣēvōtām*": "sacred pillars/standing stones/memorial stones", "*təšabbērû*": "smash/break in pieces/shatter", "*ʾăšêrêhem*": "Asherim/sacred poles/wooden images", "*təgaddēʿûn*": "cut down/chop down/hew down", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*tiśrəpûn*": "burn/consume with fire", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } }
• Deut 7:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.25", "source": "פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם תִּשְׂרְפ֣וּן בָּאֵ֑שׁ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹד֩ כֶּ֨סֶף וְזָהָ֤ב עֲלֵיהֶם֙ וְלָקַחְתָּ֣ לָ֔ךְ פֶּ֚ן תִּוָּקֵ֣שׁ בּ֔וֹ כִּ֧י תוֹעֲבַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃", "text": "The *pəsîlê* of their *ʾĕlōhêhem* you shall *tiśrəpûn* with the *ʾēš*; not *taḥmōd* the *kesep* and *zāhāv* on them and *wəlāqaḥtā* for yourself, lest you *tiwwāqēš* by it, for *tôʿăvat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* it is.", "grammar": { "*pəsîlê*": "noun masculine plural construct - carved images of", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*tiśrəpûn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you shall burn", "*ʾēš*": "noun feminine singular - fire", "*taḥmōd*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall covet/desire", "*kesep*": "noun masculine singular - silver", "*zāhāv*": "noun masculine singular - gold", "*wəlāqaḥtā*": "Qal perfect consecutive 2nd masculine singular - and you shall take", "*tiwwāqēš*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be ensnared", "*tôʿăvat*": "noun feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*pəsîlê*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their gods/their deities", "*tiśrəpûn*": "burn/consume with fire", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*taḥmōd*": "covet/desire/crave", "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*zāhāv*": "gold", "*wəlāqaḥtā*": "take/seize/get", "*tiwwāqēš*": "be ensnared/be trapped/be caught", "*tôʿăvat*": "abomination of/detestable thing of/loathsome thing of" } }