Genesis 38:12

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.38.12", "source": "וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה", "text": "And *wayyirbû* the *hayyāmîm*, and *wattāmāt* *bat*-*šûaʿ* *ʾēšet*-*Yehûdāh*, and *wayyinnāḥem* *Yehûdāh* and *wayyaʿal* unto *gōzəzê* his *ṣōʾnô*, he and *Ḥîrāh* his *rēʿēhû* the *hāʿAdullāmî* to *Timnātāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyirbû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they increased", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the days", "*wattāmāt*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she died", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*šûaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Shua", "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*wayyinnāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was comforted", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*gōzəzê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - shearers of", "*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend", "*hāʿAdullāmî*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite", "*Timnātāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah" }, "variants": { "*wayyirbû*": "and they increased/multiplied/became many", "*wattāmāt*": "and she died/passed away", "*wayyinnāḥem*": "and he was comforted/consoled/finished mourning", "*wayyaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended", "*gōzəzê*": "shearers/those shearing" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּרְבּוּ֙ הַיָּמִ֔ים וַתָּ֖מָת בַּת־שׁ֣וּעַ אֵֽשֶׁת־יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה וַיַּ֜עַל עַל־גֹּֽזֲזֵ֤י צֹאנוֹ֙ ה֗וּא וְחִירָ֛ה רֵעֵ֥הוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִ֖י תִּמְנָֽתָה

Transliteration

And wayyirbû the hayyāmîm, and wattāmāt bat-šûaʿ ʾēšet-Yehûdāh, and wayyinnāḥem Yehûdāh and wayyaʿal unto gōzəzê his ṣōʾnô, he and Ḥîrāh his rēʿēhû the hāʿAdullāmî to Timnātāh

Grammar Details

• *wayyirbû*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they increased
• *hayyāmîm*: definite article + noun, masculine plural - the days
• *wattāmāt*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she died
• *bat*: noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of
• *šûaʿ*: proper noun, masculine - Shua
• *ʾēšet*: noun, feminine singular construct - wife of
• *Yehûdāh*: proper noun, masculine - Judah
• *wayyinnāḥem*: waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was comforted
• *wayyaʿal*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up
• *gōzəzê*: qal participle, masculine plural construct - shearers of
• *ṣōʾnô*: noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his flock
• *Ḥîrāh*: proper noun, masculine - Hirah
• *rēʿēhû*: noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend
• *hāʿAdullāmî*: definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the Adullamite
• *Timnātāh*: proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah

Word Meanings

• *wayyirbû*: and they increased/multiplied/became many
• *wattāmāt*: and she died/passed away
• *wayyinnāḥem*: and he was comforted/consoled/finished mourning
• *wayyaʿal*: and he went up/ascended
• *gōzəzê*: shearers/those shearing

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  After a long time, Judah's wife, the daughter of Shua, died. When Judah had finished mourning, he went up to Timnah to his sheep shearers, accompanied by his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  After some time, Shuah's daughter, Judah's wife, died; after being comforted, Judah went up to his sheepshearers at Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And in process{H7235} of time{H3117} Shua's{H7770} daughter,{H1323} the wife{H802} of Judah,{H3063} died;{H4191} and Judah{H3063} was comforted,{H5162} and went up{H5927} unto his sheep-shearers{H1494} to Timnah,{H8553} he and his friend{H7453} Hirah{H2437} the Adullamite.{H5726}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And in process{H7235}{(H8799)} of time{H3117} the daughter{H1323} of Shuah{H7770} Judah's{H3063} wife{H802} died{H4191}{(H8799)}; and Judah{H3063} was comforted{H5162}{(H8735)}, and went up{H5927}{(H8799)} unto his sheepshearers{H1494}{(H8802)}{H6629} to Timnath{H8553}, he and his friend{H7453} Hirah{H2437} the Adullamite{H5726}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And in processe of tyme the doughter of Sua Iudas wife dyed. Than Iudas when he had left mornynge went vnto his shepe sherers to Thimnath with his frende Hira of Odollam.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Now wha many dayes were past, ye doughter of Sua Iudas wife dyed. And whan Iuda had left mournynge, he wente vp vnto Thimnath to clyppe his shepe with his shepherde Hyra of Odollam.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And in processe of time also the daughter of Shuah Iudahs wife dyed. Then Iudah, when he had left mourning, went vp to his sheepe sherers to Timnah, he, and his neighbour Hirah the Adullamite.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And in processe of tyme, the daughter of Sua Iudas wyfe dyed: Then Iudas when he had left mournyng, went vnto his sheepe shearers to Thinmath, he and his friende Hirah of Adulam.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  After many days, Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died. Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah, the Adullamite.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the days are multiplied, and the daughter of Shuah, Judah's wife, dieth; and Judah is comforted, and goeth up unto his sheep-shearers, he and Hirah his friend the Adullamite, to Timnath.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And in process of time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And after a time, Bath-shua, Judah's wife, came to her end; and after Judah was comforted for her loss, he went to Timnah, where they were cutting the wool of his sheep, and his friend Hirah of Adullam went with him.

• World English Bible (2000)

  After many days, Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died. Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheepshearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah, the Adullamite.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  After some time Judah’s wife, the daughter of Shua, died. After Judah was consoled, he left for Timnah to visit his sheepshearers, along with his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

Referenced Verses

• Josh 15:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Joshua.15.10", "source": "וְנָסַב֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה‪[t]‬ יָ֙מָּה֙ אֶל־הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעָבַ֕ר אֶל־כֶּ֧תֶף הַר־יְעָרִ֛ים מִצָּפ֖וֹנָה הִ֣יא כְסָל֑וֹן וְיָרַ֥ד בֵּֽית־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְעָבַ֥ר תִּמְנָֽה׃", "text": "*wənāsab* the-*gəbûl* from-*Baʿălāh* *yāmmāh* unto-*har* *Śēʿîr* *wəʿābar* unto-*ketep* *har*-*Yəʿārîm* from-*ṣāpônāh* she *Kəsālôn* *wəyārad* *Bêt*-*Šemeš* *wəʿābar* *Timnāh*.", "grammar": { "*wənāsab*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it turned around", "*gəbûl*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the border/territory", "*Baʿălāh*": "proper noun - Baalah", "*yāmmāh*": "noun + directional heh - westward", "*har*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mountain of", "*Śēʿîr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*wəʿābar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it passed over", "*ketep*": "construct noun, feminine singular - shoulder/side of", "*har*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mountain of", "*Yəʿārîm*": "proper noun - Jearim", "*ṣāpônāh*": "noun + directional heh - northward", "*Kəsālôn*": "proper noun - Chesalon", "*wəyārad*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it went down", "*Bêt*": "construct noun, feminine singular - house of", "*Šemeš*": "proper noun - Shemesh", "*Timnāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Timnah" }, "variants": { "*wənāsab*": "turned around/circled/went around", "*yāmmāh*": "westward/seaward", "*ketep*": "shoulder/side/slope", "*wəyārad*": "went down/descended" } }
• Judg 14:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.14.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥רֶד שִׁמְשׁ֖וֹן תִּמְנָ֑תָה וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה בְּתִמְנָ֖תָה מִבְּנ֥וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yērêd šimšôn timnātâ wə-yārĕʾ ʾiššâ bə-timnātâ mi-bənôt pəlištîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yērêd*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Samson", "*timnātâ*": "proper noun with directional he suffix - to Timnah", "*wə-yārĕʾ*": "conjunction wə- + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*bə-timnātâ*": "preposition bə- + proper noun - in Timnah", "*mi-bənôt*": "preposition min + noun, feminine plural construct - from daughters of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*yērêd*": "went down/descended", "*yārĕʾ*": "saw/noticed/observed", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*bənôt*": "daughters/young women" } }
• Gen 24:67 : 67 { "verseID": "Genesis.24.67", "source": "וַיְבִאֶ֣הָ יִצְחָ֗ק הָאֹ֙הֱלָה֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־רִבְקָ֛ה וַתְּהִי־ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֶּאֱהָבֶ֑הָ וַיִּנָּחֵ֥ם יִצְחָ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֥י אִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And*wayeḇiʾehā* *Yiṣḥāq* the*hāʾōhelāh* *Śārāh* *ʾimmô* and*wayyiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*Riḇqāh* and*watehî*-to*lô* to*leʾiššāh* and*wayeʾĕhāḇehā* and*wayyinnāḥēm* *Yiṣḥāq* after*ʾaḥărê* *ʾimmô*", "grammar": { "And*wayeḇiʾehā*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he brought her", "*Yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "the*hāʾōhelāh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular + directional he - into the tent", "*Śārāh*": "proper noun - Sarah", "*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his mother", "and*wayyiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3ms - and he took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Riḇqāh*": "proper noun - Rebecca", "and*watehî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3fs - and she became", "to*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "to*leʾiššāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - as wife", "and*wayeʾĕhāḇehā*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he loved her", "and*wayyinnāḥēm*": "conjunction + verb, niphal imperfect consecutive, 3ms - and he was comforted", "*Yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "after*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3ms suffix - his mother" }, "variants": { "*wayeḇiʾehā*": "brought her/led her/took her", "*hāʾōhelāh*": "into the tent/to the tent", "*ʾimmô*": "his mother", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "took/married/received", "*watehî*": "she became/she was", "*lô*": "to him/for him", "*leʾiššāh*": "as wife/for a wife", "*wayeʾĕhāḇehā*": "loved her/had affection for her", "*wayyinnāḥēm*": "was comforted/consoled/found comfort", "*ʾaḥărê*": "after/following", "*ʾimmô*": "his mother" } }
• 2 Sam 13:39 : 39 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.39", "source": "‫ וַתְּכַל֙ דָּוִ֣ד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָצֵ֖את אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם כִּֽי־נִחַ֥ם עַל־אַמְנ֖וֹן כִּֽי־מֵֽת׃ ס ‬", "text": "And-*wattəkhal* *dāwid* the-*melekh* to-go-out to-*ʾavšālôm* for-*niḥam* upon-*ʾamnôn* for-*mēt*", "grammar": { "*wattəkhal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it ended/ceased", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*melekh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*lāṣēʾt*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to go out", "*ʾavšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*niḥam*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was comforted/consoled", "*ʾamnôn*": "proper noun - Amnon", "*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead" }, "variants": { "*wattəkhal*": "ended/ceased/was finished/longed", "*lāṣēʾt*": "to go out/to pursue/to march against", "*niḥam*": "was comforted/was consoled/was reconciled" } }
• Gen 31:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.19", "source": "וְלָבָ֣ן הָלַ֔ךְ לִגְזֹ֖ז אֶת־צֹאנ֑וֹ וַתִּגְנֹ֣ב רָחֵ֔ל אֶת־הַתְּרָפִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאָבִֽיהָ׃", "text": "*wə-Lābān* *hālak* to *gāzaz* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾn* his, *wa-tigĕnōb* *Rāḥēl* *ʾet*-the-*tĕrāpîm* which to *ʾābîhā*.", "grammar": { "*wə-Lābān*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Laban", "*hālak*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - went/had gone", "*gāzaz*": "qal infinitive construct - to shear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - flock/sheep", "*wa-tigĕnōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - and she stole", "*Rāḥēl*": "proper noun - Rachel", "*tĕrāpîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - household idols/teraphim", "*ʾābîhā*": "common noun with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her father" }, "variants": { "*tĕrāpîm*": "household gods/idols/divine images/figurines", "*gāzaz*": "to shear/cut/clip", "*hālak*": "went/had gone/journeyed" } }
• Gen 38:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.38.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֥רֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת אֶחָ֑יו וַיֵּ֛ט עַד־אִ֥ישׁ עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י וּשְׁמ֥וֹ חִירָֽה", "text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* the *hahiʾ*, and *wayyēred* *Yehûdāh* from *ʾēt* his *ʾeḥāyw*, and *wayyēṭ* unto *ʾîš* *ʿAdullāmî* and *šemô* *Ḥîrāh*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time/period", "*hahiʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that", "*wayyēred*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers", "*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ʿAdullāmî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Adullamite", "*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah" }, "variants": { "*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*wayyēred*": "and he went down/descended", "*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/diverted/extended", "*ʾēt*": "from with/from proximity to" } }
• 1 Sam 25:4-8 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.4", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי־גֹזֵ֥ז נָבָ֖ל אֶת־צֹאנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Dāwid* in-the-*midbār* that-*gōzēz* *Nābāl* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he heard", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*midbār*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness", "*gōzēz*": "qal participle masculine singular - shearing", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*ṣōʾnô*": "noun common singular + 3ms suffix - his flock" }, "variants": { "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.5", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַנְּעָרִ֗ים עֲל֤וּ כַרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וּבָאתֶ֣ם אֶל־נָבָ֔ל וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם־ל֥וֹ בִשְׁמִ֖י לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Dāwid* ten *nəʿārîm* and *wayyōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*nəʿārîm* go-up *karmelāh* and-*ûbāʾtem* to-*Nābāl* and-*ûšəʾeltem*-to-him in-*šəmî* to-*šālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he sent", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men/servants", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*karmelāh*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Carmel", "*ûbāʾtem*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall come", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*ûšəʾeltem*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall ask", "*šəmî*": "noun masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my name", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/welfare" }, "variants": { "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/servants/attendants", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/health/prosperity" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.6", "source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥ם כֹּ֖ה לֶחָ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה שָׁלוֹם֙ וּבֵיתְךָ֣ שָׁל֔וֹם וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *waʾămartem* thus to-*leḥāy* and-you *šālôm* and-*bêtəkā* *šālôm* and-all that-to-you *šālôm*.", "grammar": { "*waʾămartem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2mp - and you shall say", "*leḥāy*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to life/prosperity", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/welfare", "*bêtəkā*": "noun masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your house" }, "variants": { "*leḥāy*": "to life/to the living/for life [greeting formula]", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/health/prosperity" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הֱיוֹתָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃", "text": "And-now *šāmaʿtî* that *gōzəzîm* to-you now the-*rōʿîm* that-to-you *hāyû* with-us not *heklamnûm* and-not-*nipqad* to-them anything all-*yəmê* *hĕyôtām* in-*hakkarmel*.", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I have heard", "*gōzəzîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - shearers/shearing", "*rōʿîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - shepherds", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they were", "*heklamnûm*": "hiphil perfect 1cp + 3mp suffix - we did not shame/humiliate them", "*nipqad*": "niphal perfect 3ms - was missing/lacking", "*yəmê*": "noun masculine plural construct - days of", "*hĕyôtām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their being", "*hakkarmel*": "proper noun with definite article - the Carmel" }, "variants": { "*heklamnûm*": "we did not shame/humiliate/embarrass them", "*nipqad*": "was missing/lacking/lost" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.8", "source": "שְׁאַ֨ל אֶת־נְעָרֶ֜יךָ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֗ךְ וְיִמְצְא֨וּ הַנְּעָרִ֥ים חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־עַל־י֥וֹם ט֖וֹב בָּ֑נוּ תְּנָה־נָּ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבִנְךָ֖ לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "*šəʾal* *ʾet*-*nəʿāreykā* and-*wəyaggîdû* to-you and-*wəyimṣəʾû* the-*hannəʿārîm* *ḥēn* in-*bəʿêneykā* for-on-*yôm* *ṭôb* we-came *tənāh*-please *ʾēt* which *timṣāʾ* *yādəkā* to-*laʿăbādeykā* and-to-*ləbinkā* to-*ləDāwid*.", "grammar": { "*šəʾal*": "qal imperative masculine singular - ask", "*nəʿāreykā*": "noun masculine plural + 2ms suffix - your young men", "*wəyaggîdû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they will tell", "*wəyimṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and may they find", "*hannəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the young men", "*ḥēn*": "noun masculine singular - favor/grace", "*bəʿêneykā*": "preposition + noun both dual construct + 2ms suffix - in your eyes", "*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good", "*tənāh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - give", "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you find", "*yādəkā*": "noun feminine singular + 2ms suffix - your hand", "*laʿăbādeykā*": "preposition + noun masculine plural + 2ms suffix - to your servants", "*ləbinkā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2ms suffix - to your son", "*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David" }, "variants": { "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/kindness", "*timṣāʾ* *yādəkā*": "you find at hand/whatever you have available [idiom]", "*ləbinkā*": "to your son [figurative - as term of respect]" } }
• 1 Sam 25:36 : 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.36", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל ׀ אֶל־נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר׃", "text": "And *tābōʾ* *ʾĂbîgayil* to-*Nābāl* and behold *lô* *mišteh* in *bêtô* like *mištēh* the *melek*, and *lēb* *Nābāl* *ṭôb* upon him, and he *šikkōr* unto-very much, and not *higgîdāh* to him *dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl* until-*ʾôr* the *bōqer*.", "grammar": { "*tābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - came", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular noun - feast/banquet", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*mištēh*": "masculine singular construct - feast of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/merry", "*šikkōr*": "adjective, masculine singular - drunk", "*higgîdāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - she told", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/matter/thing", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular construct - light of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning" }, "variants": { "*mišteh*": "feast/banquet/drinking party", "*lēb* *ṭôb*": "heart was merry/cheerful/in good spirits", "*šikkōr*": "drunk/intoxicated", "*dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl*": "anything at all (idiom: neither small nor great thing)" } }
• 2 Sam 13:23-29 : 23 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.23", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ לִשְׁנָתַ֣יִם יָמִ֔ים וַיִּהְי֤וּ גֹֽזְזִים֙ לְאַבְשָׁל֔וֹם בְּבַ֥עַל חָצ֖וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִם־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yəhî* for-*šənātayim* *yāmîm* *wə-yihyû* *gōzəzîm* to-*ʾAbšālôm* in-*Baʿal* *Ḥāṣôr* which with-*ʾEprāyim* *wə-yiqrāʾ* *ʾAbšālôm* to-all-*bənê* the-*melek*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*šənātayim*": "dual noun - two years", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*wə-yihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and there were", "*gōzəzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - shearers", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*Baʿal* *Ḥāṣôr*": "proper noun, place name - Baal Hazor", "*ʾEprāyim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*šənātayim*": "two years/a two-year period", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*gōzəzîm*": "shearers/sheep-shearers", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he called/and he invited" } } 24 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.24", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤א אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה־נָ֥א גֹזְזִ֖ים לְעַבְדֶּ֑ךָ יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וַעֲבָדָ֖יו עִם־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yābōʾ* *ʾAbšālôm* unto-the-*melek* *wə-yōʾmer* *hinnēh*-*nāʾ* *gōzəzîm* to-*ʿabdekā* *yēlek*-*nāʾ* the-*melek* and-*ʿăbādāyw* with-*ʿabdekā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*gōzəzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - shearers", "*ʿabdekā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - your servant", "*yēlek*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let go", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his servants", "*ʿabdekā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - your servant" }, "variants": { "*wə-yābōʾ*": "and he came/and he went/and he entered", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*gōzəzîm*": "shearers/sheep-shearers", "*yēlek*": "let go/may go/would go", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "his servants/his officials/his attendants" } } 25 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם אַל־בְּנִי֙ אַל־נָ֤א נֵלֵךְ֙ כֻּלָּ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א נִכְבַּ֖ד עָלֶ֑יךָ וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֛וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה לָלֶ֖כֶת וַֽיְבָרֲכֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*melek* unto-*ʾAbšālôm* *ʾal*-*bənî* *ʾal*-*nāʾ* *nēlēk* all-of-us and-not *nikbad* upon-you *wə-yiprāṣ*-at-him and-not-*ʾābāh* to-go *wə-yəbārăkēhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*bənî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular possessive suffix - my son", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*nēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural cohortative - let us go", "*nikbad*": "Qal imperfect 1st plural - we would be a burden", "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he urged", "*ʾābāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was willing", "*wə-yəbārăkēhû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he blessed him" }, "variants": { "*ʾal*": "do not/no", "*nēlēk*": "let us go/may we go/should we go", "*nikbad*": "we would be a burden/we would be heavy/we would be too many", "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "and he urged/and he pressed/and he insisted", "*ʾābāh*": "he was willing/he consented/he wanted", "*wə-yəbārăkēhû*": "and he blessed him/and he greeted him/and he bade him farewell" } } 26 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וָלֹ֕א יֵֽלֶךְ־נָ֥א אִתָּ֖נוּ אַמְנ֣וֹן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לָ֥מָּה יֵלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm* and-not *yēlek*-*nāʾ* with-us *ʾAmnôn* *ʾāḥî* *wə-yōʾmer* to-him the-*melek* *lāmmāh* *yēlēk* with-you", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*yēlek*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let go", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ʾAmnôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amnon", "*ʾāḥî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular possessive suffix - my brother", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*yēlēk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he would go" }, "variants": { "*yēlek*": "let go/may go/should go", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*lāmmāh*": "why/for what reason/what for" } } 27 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.27", "source": "וַיִּפְרָץ־בּ֖וֹ אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אִתּוֹ֙ אֶת־אַמְנ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-yiprāṣ*-at-him *ʾAbšālôm* *wə-yišlaḥ* with-him *ʾet*-*ʾAmnôn* and-*ʾēt* all-*bənê* the-*melek*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he urged", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾAmnôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amnon", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiprāṣ*": "and he urged/and he pressed/and he insisted", "*wə-yišlaḥ*": "and he sent/and he allowed to go" } } 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.28", "source": "וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw* *ʾAbšālôm* *ʾet*-*nəʿārāyw* *lēʾmōr* *rəʾû* *nāʾ* when-good *lēb*-*ʾAmnôn* in-the-*yayin* *wə-ʾāmartî* unto-you *hakkû* *ʾet*-*ʾAmnôn* *wə-hămittem* him *ʾal*-*tîrāʾû* is-it-not *kî* *ʾānōkî* *ṣiwwîtî* you *ḥizqû* *wə-həyû* to-*bənê*-*ḥayil*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nəʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his young men", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*rəʾû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - see/watch", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct noun - heart of", "*ʾAmnôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amnon", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wine", "*wə-ʾāmartî*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 1st singular - and I will say", "*hakkû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾAmnôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amnon", "*wə-hămittem*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall kill", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*tîrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you fear", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/for", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "Piel perfect 1st singular - I commanded", "*ḥizqû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - be strong", "*wə-həyû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and be", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - valor/strength" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "and he commanded/and he instructed/and he ordered", "*nəʿārāyw*": "his young men/his servants/his attendants", "*rəʾû*": "see/watch/observe/notice", "*nāʾ*": "please/now/I pray", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*yayin*": "wine/alcoholic drink", "*wə-ʾāmartî*": "and I will say/and when I say", "*hakkû*": "strike/smite/hit/attack", "*wə-hămittem*": "and you shall kill/and put to death", "*tîrāʾû*": "you fear/you are afraid", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "I commanded/I ordered/I instructed", "*ḥizqû*": "be strong/be courageous/be firm", "*bənê*-*ḥayil*": "sons of valor/men of courage/valiant men" } } 29 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.13.29", "source": "‫ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ נַעֲרֵ֤י אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְאַמְנ֔וֹן כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ ׀ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיִּרְכְּב֛וּ אִ֥ישׁ עַל־פִּרְדּ֖וֹ וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ ‬", "text": "And *wayyaʿăśû* *naʿărê* *ʾavšālôm* to-*ʾamnôn* as *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwâ* *ʾavšālôm* and-*wayyāqumû* all-*bənê* the-*melekh* and-*wayyirkəbû* *ʾîš* upon-*pirdô* and-*wayyānusû*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they did/made", "*naʿărê*": "masculine plural construct - young men/servants of", "*ʾavšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*ʾamnôn*": "proper noun, with preposition lamed - to/for Amnon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - as/which", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded/ordered", "*wayyāqumû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they arose", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*melekh*": "masculine singular - king", "*wayyirkəbû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rode", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular - man/each", "*pirdô*": "masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mule", "*wayyānusû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they fled" }, "variants": { "*naʿărê*": "young men/servants/attendants", "*ʾîš*": "each one/every man/individually" } }
• Josh 15:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Joshua.15.35", "source": "יַרְמוּת֙ וַעֲדֻלָּ֔ם שׂוֹכֹ֖ה וַעֲזֵקָֽה׃", "text": "*yarmût* *wa*-*ʿădullām* *śôkōh* *wa*-*ʿăzēqāh*", "grammar": { "*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth", "*wa*-*ʿădullām*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Adullam", "*śôkōh*": "proper noun - Socoh", "*wa*-*ʿăzēqāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Azekah" }, "variants": {} }
• Josh 15:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Joshua.15.37", "source": "צְנָ֥ן וַחֲדָשָׁ֖ה וּמִגְדַּל־גָּֽד׃", "text": "*ṣәnān* *wa*-*ḥădāšāh* *û*-*migdal*-*gād*", "grammar": { "*ṣәnān*": "proper noun - Zenan", "*wa*-*ḥădāšāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Hadashah", "*û*-*migdal*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct - and Migdal", "*gād*": "proper noun - Gad" }, "variants": { "*ḥădāšāh*": "new (feminine)", "*migdal*": "tower/watchtower of" } }
• Josh 15:57 : 57 { "verseID": "Joshua.15.57", "source": "הַקַּ֖יִן גִּבְעָ֣ה וְתִמְנָ֑ה עָרִ֥ים עֶ֖שֶׂר וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "The-*qayin* *gibʿâ* and-*timnâ* *ʿārîm* *ʿeśer* and-*ḥaṣrêhen*", "grammar": { "*qayin*": "proper noun with definite article - the Kain (city name)", "*gibʿâ*": "proper noun - Gibeah (city name)", "*timnâ*": "proper noun - Timnah (city name)", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*ʿeśer*": "number - ten", "*ḥaṣrêhen*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine plural suffix - their villages/settlements" }, "variants": { "*qayin*": "Kain/Cain (city name)", "*gibʿâ*": "Gibeah (meaning 'hill')", "*timnâ*": "Timnah (city name)", "*ḥaṣrêhen*": "their villages/settlements/hamlets/unwalled towns" } }
• Josh 19:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Joshua.19.43", "source": "וְאֵיל֥וֹן וְתִמְנָ֖תָה וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wə-ʾêlôn* *wə-timnātâ* *wə-ʿeqrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾêlôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Elon", "*wə-timnātâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Timnah/Timnathah", "*wə-ʿeqrôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ekron" }, "variants": { "*timnātâ*": "Timnah/Timnathah (with directional heh)" } }