1 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.1",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא וַיֵּ֥רֶד יְהוּדָ֖ה מֵאֵ֣ת אֶחָ֑יו וַיֵּ֛ט עַד־אִ֥ישׁ עֲדֻלָּמִ֖י וּשְׁמ֥וֹ חִירָֽה",
"text": "And *wayehî* in *ʿēt* the *hahiʾ*, and *wayyēred* *Yehûdāh* from *ʾēt* his *ʾeḥāyw*, and *wayyēṭ* unto *ʾîš* *ʿAdullāmî* and *šemô* *Ḥîrāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened",
"*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time/period",
"*hahiʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - that",
"*wayyēred*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went down",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾēt*": "preposition - from",
"*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers",
"*wayyēṭ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he turned aside",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*ʿAdullāmî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Adullamite",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Ḥîrāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Hirah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*wayyēred*": "and he went down/descended",
"*wayyēṭ*": "and he turned aside/diverted/extended",
"*ʾēt*": "from with/from proximity to"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.2",
"source": "וַיַּרְא־שָׁ֧ם יְהוּדָ֛ה בַּת־אִ֥ישׁ כְּנַעֲנִ֖י וּשְׁמ֣וֹ שׁ֑וּעַ וַיִּקָּחֶ֖הָ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ*-there *Yehûdāh* *bat*-*ʾîš* *Kenaʿanî* and *šemô* *Šûaʿ*, and *wayyiqqāḥehā* and *wayyābōʾ* unto her",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man",
"*Kenaʿanî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Canaanite",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Šûaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine - Shua",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he took her",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went in/came"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/observed/noticed",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "and he took her/married her/received her",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he went in to her/had relations with her"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.3",
"source": "וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ עֵֽר",
"text": "And *wattahar* and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *ʿĒr*",
"grammar": {
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er"
},
"variants": {
"*wattahar*": "and she became pregnant/conceived",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.4",
"source": "וַתַּ֥הַר ע֖וֹד וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֑ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אוֹנָֽן",
"text": "And *wattahar* again and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wattiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *ʾÔnān*",
"grammar": {
"*wattahar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan"
},
"variants": {
"*wattahar*": "and she became pregnant/conceived",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "and she called/named"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.5",
"source": "וַתֹּ֤סֶף עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ שֵׁלָ֑ה וְהָיָ֥ה בִכְזִ֖יב בְּלִדְתָּ֥הּ אֹתֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wattōsef* again and *wattēled* *bēn*, and *wattiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*šemô* *Šēlāh*, and *wəhāyāh* in *biḵzîb* in *bəlidtāh* *ʾōtô*",
"grammar": {
"*wattōsef*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she added/continued",
"*wattēled*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she bore/gave birth to",
"*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she called",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šemô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*wəhāyāh*": "waw-conjunctive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was",
"*biḵzîb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Chezib",
"*bəlidtāh*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her bearing/when she gave birth to",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him"
},
"variants": {
"*wattōsef*": "and she added/continued/proceeded",
"*wattēled*": "and she gave birth to/bore",
"*wattiqrāʾ*": "and she called/named",
"*wəhāyāh*": "and he was/happened to be",
"*bəlidtāh*": "in her giving birth to/when she bore"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.6",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֧ח יְהוּדָ֛ה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְעֵ֣ר בְּכוֹר֑וֹ וּשְׁמָ֖הּ תָּמָֽר",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Yehûdāh* *ʾiššāh* for *ʿĒr* *bəḵôrô*, and *šəmāh* *Tāmār*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er",
"*bəḵôrô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his firstborn",
"*šəmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her name",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "and he took/selected/chose",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife",
"*bəḵôrô*": "his firstborn/eldest son"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.7",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י עֵ֚ר בְּכ֣וֹר יְהוּדָ֔ה רַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיְמִתֵ֖הוּ יְהוָֽה",
"text": "And *wayehî* *ʿĒr* *bəḵôr* *Yehûdāh* *raʿ* in *bəʿênê* *YHWH*, and *wayemitēhû* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he was",
"*ʿĒr*": "proper noun, masculine - Er",
"*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/wicked",
"*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*wayemitēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he put him to death"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and he was/became",
"*raʿ*": "evil/wicked/displeasing",
"*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/according to the judgment of",
"*wayemitēhû*": "and he put him to death/killed him/caused him to die"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוּדָה֙ לְאוֹנָ֔ן בֹּ֛א אֶל־אֵ֥שֶׁת אָחִ֖יךָ וְיַבֵּ֣ם אֹתָ֑הּ וְהָקֵ֥ם זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *ʾÔnān*, *bōʾ* unto *ʾēšet* your *ʾāḥîḵā* and *yabbēm* *ʾōtāh*, and *hāqēm* *zeraʿ* to your *ʾāḥîḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan",
"*bōʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go in/come",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother",
"*yabbēm*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - perform levirate duty to",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her",
"*hāqēm*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - raise up/establish",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring",
"*ʾāḥîḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*bōʾ*": "go in/come to/have relations with",
"*yabbēm*": "perform levirate marriage duty/fulfill brother-in-law obligation",
"*hāqēm*": "raise up/establish/maintain",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.9",
"source": "וַיֵּ֣דַע אוֹנָ֔ן כִּ֛י לֹּ֥א ל֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֣ה הַזָּ֑רַע וְהָיָ֞ה אִם־בָּ֨א אֶל־אֵ֤שֶׁת אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת אַ֔רְצָה לְבִלְתִּ֥י נְתָן־זֶ֖רַע לְאָחִֽיו",
"text": "And *wayyēdaʿ* *ʾÔnān* that *lōʾ* to him *yihyeh* the *zāraʿ*, and *wəhāyāh* if *bāʾ* unto *ʾēšet* his *ʾāḥîw* and *wəšiḥēt* *ʾarṣāh* to prevent *nətān*-*zeraʿ* to his *ʾāḥîw*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēdaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he knew",
"*ʾÔnān*": "proper noun, masculine - Onan",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be",
"*zāraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the offspring/seed",
"*wəhāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he went in",
"*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother",
"*wəšiḥēt*": "waw-consecutive + piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ruined/destroyed",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground",
"*nətān*": "qal infinitive construct - giving",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed/offspring",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēdaʿ*": "and he knew/recognized/understood",
"*yihyeh*": "would be/become/belong to",
"*wəhāyāh*": "and it was/happened/came to pass",
"*bāʾ*": "went in to/had relations with",
"*wəšiḥēt*": "and he ruined/wasted/destroyed",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "to the ground/on the earth/to the floor",
"*nətān*": "giving/providing/establishing"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.10",
"source": "וַיֵּ֛רַע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה וַיָּ֖מֶת גַּם־אֹתֽוֹ",
"text": "And *wayyēraʿ* in *bəʿênê* *YHWH* what *ʿāśāh*, and *wayyāmet* also *ʾōtô*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēraʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was evil",
"*bəʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did",
"*wayyāmet*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he put to death",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēraʿ*": "and it was evil/displeasing/wicked",
"*bəʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/according to the judgment of",
"*ʿāśāh*": "he did/made/performed",
"*wayyāmet*": "and he put to death/killed"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Genesis.38.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְתָמָ֨ר כַּלָּת֜וֹ שְׁבִ֧י אַלְמָנָ֣ה בֵית־אָבִ֗יךְ עַד־יִגְדַּל֙ שֵׁלָ֣ה בְנְ֔י כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר פֶּן־יָמ֥וּת גַּם־ה֖וּא כְּאֶחָ֑יו וַתֵּ֣לֶךְ תָּמָ֔ר וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yehûdāh* to *Tāmār* his *kallātô* *šəbî* *ʾalmānāh* *bêt*-your *ʾābîḵ* until *yigdal* *Šēlāh* *bənî*, for *ʾāmar*, lest *yāmût* also he like his *kəʾeḥāyw*. And *wattēleḵ* *Tāmār* and *wattēšeb* *bêt* her *ʾābîhā*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yehûdāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Judah",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*kallātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law",
"*šəbî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - remain/dwell",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "noun, feminine singular - widow",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father",
"*yigdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he grows up",
"*Šēlāh*": "proper noun, masculine - Shelah",
"*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st common singular suffix - my son",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dies",
"*kəʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - like his brothers",
"*wattēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she went",
"*Tāmār*": "proper noun, feminine - Tamar",
"*wattēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she dwelt",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾābîhā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her father"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*šəbî*": "remain/stay/dwell/live",
"*ʾalmānāh*": "widow/in widowhood",
"*yigdal*": "grows up/becomes mature/gets older",
"*ʾāmar*": "he said/thought/claimed",
"*yāmût*": "he dies/will die/might die",
"*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/departed",
"*wattēšeb*": "and she dwelt/remained/stayed"
}
}