1{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.1",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗ים וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֡ד אֶת־יוֹאָב֩ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֨יו עִמּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־רַבָּ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ ס",
"text": "*wə-yhiy* at *təshûbat ha-shānâ* at *ʿēt ṣēʾt ha-malʾāchîm* *wə-yishlach Dāwid* *ʾet-Yôʾāb* and *ʾet-ʿăbādāyw* with him and *ʾet-kol-Yisrāʾēl* and they *wa-yashchîtû* *ʾet-bənêy ʿAmmôn* and they *wa-yāṣurû* against *Rabbâ* and *Dāwid* *yôshēb* in *Yərûshālāim*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass",
"*təshûbat ha-shānâ*": "construct state - at the return of the year [i.e., spring]",
"*ʿēt ṣēʾt ha-malʾāchîm*": "construct chain - at the time of the going out of the kings/messengers",
"*wə-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants",
"*kol-Yisrāʾēl*": "all Israel",
"*wa-yashchîtû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they destroyed/ravaged",
"*bənêy ʿAmmôn*": "sons of Ammon, Ammonites",
"*wa-yāṣurû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they besieged",
"*Rabbâ*": "proper noun - capital city of Ammon",
"*yôshēb*": "participle masculine singular - sitting/dwelling/remaining"
},
"variants": {
"*təshûbat ha-shānâ*": "return of the year/springtime/season when campaigns begin",
"*ṣēʾt ha-malʾāchîm*": "going forth of kings/messengers/armies",
"*yashchîtû*": "destroyed/ravaged/ruined",
"*yāṣurû*": "besieged/encircled"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.2",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ לְעֵ֣ת הָעֶ֗רֶב וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד מֵעַ֤ל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ עַל־גַּ֣ג בֵּית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה רֹחֶ֖צֶת מֵעַ֣ל הַגָּ֑ג וְהָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-yhiy* at *ʿēt ha-ʿereb* and *wa-yāqom Dāwid* from upon *mishkābô* and *wa-yithalēch* upon *gag bêyt-ha-melech* and *wa-yarʾ ʾishâ rocheset* from upon *ha-gāg* and *ha-ʾishâ tôbat marʾeh məʾōd*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass",
"*ʿēt ha-ʿereb*": "construct state - at the time of evening",
"*wa-yāqom*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose",
"*mishkābô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bed",
"*wa-yithalēch*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular hitpael - and he walked about/paced",
"*gag bêyt-ha-melech*": "construct chain - roof of the king's house",
"*wa-yarʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he saw",
"*ʾishâ rocheset*": "woman bathing/washing herself, participle feminine singular",
"*ha-gāg*": "the roof",
"*tôbat marʾeh məʾōd*": "good of appearance very - very beautiful in appearance"
},
"variants": {
"*yithalēch*": "walked about/paced/strolled",
"*rocheset*": "bathing/washing/cleansing herself",
"*tôbat marʾeh*": "beautiful in appearance/good-looking/attractive"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.3",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּדְרֹ֖שׁ לָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲלוֹא־זֹאת֙ בַּת־שֶׁ֣בַע בַּת־אֱלִיעָ֔ם אֵ֖שֶׁת אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃",
"text": "*wa-yishlach Dāwid* and *wa-yidrōsh* about *lā-ʾishâ* and *wa-yōʾmer* is not this *Bat-shebaʿ bat-ʾĕlîʿām ʾēshet ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*wa-yidrōsh*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he inquired",
"*lā-ʾishâ*": "preposition lamed + definite article + noun feminine singular - concerning the woman",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he/someone said",
"*bat*": "daughter/daughter of",
"*ʾēshet*": "construct state - wife of"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yidrōsh*": "inquired/sought information about/investigated",
"*Bat-shebaʿ*": "Bathsheba (lit. 'daughter of seven' or 'daughter of oath')",
"*ha-Chittî*": "the Hittite"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.4",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֜ים וַיִּקָּחֶ֗הָ וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלָיו֙ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמָּ֔[t]הּ וְהִ֥יא מִתְקַדֶּ֖שֶׁת מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑הּ וַתָּ֖שָׁב אֶל־בֵּיתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yishlach Dāwid malʾāchîm* and *wa-yiqqāchehā* and *wa-tābôʾ ʾēlāyw* and *wa-yishkab ʿimmāh* and she *wə-hîʾ mitqaddeshet mi-ṭumʾātāh* and *wa-tāshāb ʾel-bêytāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*malʾāchîm*": "noun masculine plural - messengers",
"*wa-yiqqāchehā*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he took her",
"*wa-tābôʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she came",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*wa-yishkab*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay",
"*ʿimmāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - with her",
"*wə-hîʾ*": "and she",
"*mitqaddeshet*": "hitpael participle feminine singular - purifying herself",
"*mi-ṭumʾātāh*": "from her uncleanness",
"*wa-tāshāb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she returned",
"*ʾel-bêytāh*": "to her house"
},
"variants": {
"*malʾāchîm*": "messengers/servants/envoys",
"*yiqqāchehā*": "took/fetched/received her",
"*yishkab ʿimmāh*": "lay with her/had sexual relations with her",
"*mitqaddeshet mi-ṭumʾātāh*": "purifying herself from her uncleanness/menstrual impurity/ritual impurity"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.5",
"source": "וַתַּ֖הַר הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה וַתִּשְׁלַח֙ וַתַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד וַתֹּ֖אמֶר הָרָ֥ה אָנֹֽכִי׃",
"text": "*wa-tahar hā-ʾishâ* and *wa-tishlach* and *wa-taggēd lə-Dāwid* and *wa-tōʾmer hārâ ʾānōchî*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-tahar*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she conceived",
"*hā-ʾishâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the woman",
"*wa-tishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she sent",
"*wa-taggēd*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular hiphil - and she told",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to David",
"*wa-tōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she said",
"*hārâ*": "adjective feminine singular - pregnant",
"*ʾānōchî*": "personal pronoun 1st common singular - I"
},
"variants": {
"*tahar*": "conceived/became pregnant",
"*taggēd*": "told/informed/reported",
"*hārâ ʾānōchî*": "I am pregnant/with child"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.6",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב שְׁלַ֣ח אֵלַ֔י אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה הַחִתִּ֑י וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "*wa-yishlach Dāwid ʾel-Yôʾāb shəlach ʾēlay ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî* and *wa-yishlach Yôʾāb ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-Dāwid*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*ʾel-Yôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joab",
"*shəlach*": "imperative masculine singular - send",
"*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David"
},
"variants": {
"*shəlach*": "send/dispatch",
"*ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*": "Uriah the Hittite"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.7",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֥א אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל דָּוִ֗ד לִשְׁל֤וֹם יוֹאָב֙ וְלִשְׁל֣וֹם הָעָ֔ם וְלִשְׁל֖וֹם הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yābōʾ ʾÛrîyâ ʾēlāyw* and *wa-yishʾal Dāwid li-shlôm Yôʾāb wə-li-shlôm hā-ʿām wə-li-shlôm ha-milchāmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*wa-yishʾal*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he asked",
"*li-shlôm*": "preposition lamed + construct state - about the welfare of",
"*wə-li-shlôm*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + construct state - and about the welfare of",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people/troops",
"*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle"
},
"variants": {
"*yishʾal*": "asked/inquired about",
"*shlôm*": "welfare/peace/health/condition",
"*hā-ʿām*": "the people/the troops/the army",
"*ha-milchāmâ*": "the war/the battle/the fighting"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ לְא֣וּרִיָּ֔[t]ה רֵ֥ד לְבֵיתְךָ֖ וּרְחַ֣ץ רַגְלֶ֑יךָ וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֽוּרִיָּה֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַתֵּצֵ֥א אַחֲרָ֖יו מַשְׂאַ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer Dāwid lə-ʾÛrîyâ rēd lə-bêytchā û-rəchaṣ raglêychā* and *wa-yēṣēʾ ʾÛrîyâ mi-bêyt ha-melech* and *wa-tēṣēʾ ʾachărāyw masʾat ha-melech*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*lə-ʾÛrîyâ*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to Uriah",
"*rēd*": "imperative masculine singular - go down",
"*lə-bêytchā*": "preposition lamed + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your house",
"*û-rəchaṣ*": "conjunction + imperative masculine singular - and wash",
"*raglêychā*": "noun feminine dual construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your feet",
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*mi-bêyt ha-melech*": "from the house of the king",
"*wa-tēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it went out",
"*ʾachărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - after him",
"*masʾat ha-melech*": "portion/gift of the king"
},
"variants": {
"*rēd*": "go down/descend/go home",
"*rəchaṣ raglêychā*": "wash your feet/refresh yourself/rest",
"*masʾat ha-melech*": "portion from the king/gift from the king/royal present"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.9",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב אוּרִיָּ֗ה פֶּ֚תַח בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֖ת כָּל־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָרַ֖ד אֶל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wa-yishkab ʾÛrîyâ petach bêyt ha-melech ʾēt kol-ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw* and not *yārad ʾel-bêytô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yishkab*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lay down",
"*petach*": "noun masculine singular construct - at the entrance of",
"*bêyt ha-melech*": "house of the king",
"*ʾēt*": "preposition - with",
"*kol-ʿabdê*": "noun masculine plural construct - all the servants of",
"*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lord/master",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negation - and not",
"*yārad*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went down",
"*ʾel-bêytô*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his house"
},
"variants": {
"*yishkab*": "lay down/slept",
"*petach*": "entrance/doorway/opening",
"*ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw*": "servants of his lord/master/king's servants"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.10",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֤דוּ לְדָוִד֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־יָרַ֥ד אוּרִיָּ֖ה אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה הֲל֤וֹא מִדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אַתָּ֣ה בָ֔א מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹֽא־יָרַ֥דְתָּ אֶל־בֵּיתֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "*wa-yaggîdû lə-Dāwid lēʾmōr lōʾ-yārad ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-bêytô* and *wa-yōʾmer Dāwid ʾel-ʾÛrîyâ hălôʾ mi-derech ʾattâ bāʾ madûaʿ lōʾ-yāradtā ʾel-bêytechā*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggîdû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural hiphil - and they told",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to David",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*lōʾ-yārad*": "negation + perfect 3rd masculine singular - did not go down",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negation - is it not that",
"*mi-derech*": "preposition min + noun feminine singular - from a journey",
"*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun 2nd masculine singular - you",
"*bāʾ*": "participle masculine singular - coming",
"*madûaʿ*": "interrogative - why",
"*lōʾ-yāradtā*": "negation + perfect 2nd masculine singular - you did not go down",
"*ʾel-bêytechā*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your house"
},
"variants": {
"*yaggîdû*": "told/reported/informed",
"*mi-derech*": "from a journey/from travel/from the road",
"*madûaʿ*": "why/for what reason"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אוּרִיָּ֜ה אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הָ֠אָרוֹן וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִֽיהוּדָ֜ה יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בַּסֻּכּ֗וֹת וַאדֹנִ֨י יוֹאָ֜ב וְעַבְדֵ֤י אֲדֹנִ֨י עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ חֹנִ֔ים וַאֲנִ֞י אָב֧וֹא אֶל־בֵּיתִ֛י לֶאֱכֹ֥ל וְלִשְׁתּ֖וֹת וְלִשְׁכַּ֣ב עִם־אִשְׁתִּ֑י חַיֶּ֙ךָ֙ וְחֵ֣י נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אִֽם־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-Dāwid hā-ʾārôn wə-Yisrāʾēl wi-Yhûdâ yōshbîm ba-sukkôt wa-ʾadōnî Yôʾāb wə-ʿabdê ʾadōnî ʿal-pənê ha-sādeh chōnîm wa-ʾănî ʾābôʾ ʾel-bêytî le-ʾechōl wə-lishtôt wə-lishkab ʿim-ʾishtî chayyechā wə-chêy nafshechā ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh ʾet-ha-dābār ha-zeh*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*hā-ʾārôn*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the ark",
"*wə-Yisrāʾēl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Israel",
"*wi-Yhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah",
"*yōshbîm*": "participle masculine plural - dwelling/staying",
"*ba-sukkôt*": "preposition bet + noun feminine plural - in booths/tents",
"*wa-ʾadōnî*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - and my lord",
"*wə-ʿabdê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and servants of",
"*ʿal-pənê*": "preposition + noun common plural construct - upon the face of",
"*ha-sādeh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the field",
"*chōnîm*": "participle masculine plural - encamping/camping",
"*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st common singular - and I",
"*ʾābôʾ*": "imperfect 1st common singular - shall I come/go",
"*le-ʾechōl*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to eat",
"*wə-lishtôt*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - and to drink",
"*wə-lishkab*": "conjunction + preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - and to lie",
"*ʿim-ʾishtî*": "preposition + noun feminine singular + 1st common singular suffix - with my wife",
"*chayyechā*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - by your life",
"*wə-chêy*": "conjunction + construct state - and by the life of",
"*nafshechā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul",
"*ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh*": "particle + imperfect 1st common singular - if I will do",
"*ha-dābār ha-zeh*": "the thing the this - this thing"
},
"variants": {
"*hā-ʾārôn*": "the ark [of the covenant]",
"*sukkôt*": "booths/tents/temporary shelters",
"*ʿal-pənê ha-sādeh*": "in the open field/on the battlefield",
"*chōnîm*": "encamping/camping/bivouacking",
"*chayyechā wə-chêy nafshechā*": "by your life and by the life of your soul [oath formula]",
"*ʾim-ʾeʿĕseh*": "if I do [negative oath formula: I will surely not do]"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.12",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־אוּרִיָּ֗ה שֵׁ֥ב בָּזֶּ֛ה גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם וּמָחָ֣ר אֲשַׁלְּחֶ֑ךָּ וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב אוּרִיָּ֧ה בִירוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וּמִֽמָּחֳרָֽת׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer Dāwid ʾel-ʾÛrîyâ shēb bā-zeh gam-ha-yôm û-māchār ʾăshallĕchekā* and *wa-yēsheb ʾÛrîyâ bi-Yrûshālaim ba-yôm ha-hûʾ û-mi-māchŏrāt*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*shēb*": "imperative masculine singular - remain/stay",
"*bā-zeh*": "preposition bet + demonstrative pronoun - in this [place]",
"*gam-ha-yôm*": "particle + definite article + noun masculine singular - also today",
"*û-māchār*": "conjunction + adverb - and tomorrow",
"*ʾăshallĕchekā*": "imperfect 1st common singular piel + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will send you away",
"*wa-yēsheb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stayed",
"*bi-Yrûshālaim*": "preposition bet + proper noun - in Jerusalem",
"*ba-yôm ha-hûʾ*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular + definite article + pronoun - in that day",
"*û-mi-māchŏrāt*": "conjunction + preposition min + noun feminine singular - and on the next day"
},
"variants": {
"*shēb*": "stay/remain/dwell",
"*ʾăshallĕchekā*": "I will send you away/dismiss you/let you go",
"*ba-yôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day/at that time",
"*û-mi-māchŏrāt*": "and on the next day/and on the morrow"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.13",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָא־ל֣וֹ דָוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֧אכַל לְפָנָ֛יו וַיֵּ֖שְׁתְּ וַֽיְשַׁכְּרֵ֑הוּ וַיֵּצֵ֣א בָעֶ֗רֶב לִשְׁכַּ֤ב בְּמִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ עִם־עַבְדֵ֣י אֲדֹנָ֔יו וְאֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לֹ֥א יָרָֽד׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqrāʾ-lô Dāwid* and *wa-yōʾchal lə-fānāyw* and *wa-yēsht* and *wa-yshakkrēhû* and *wa-yēṣēʾ bā-ʿereb li-shkab bə-mishkābô ʿim-ʿabdê ʾădōnāyw wə-ʾel-bêytô lōʾ yārād*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqrāʾ-lô*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular + preposition lamed + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he called to him",
"*wa-yōʾchal*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he ate",
"*lə-fānāyw*": "preposition lamed + noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him",
"*wa-yēsht*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he drank",
"*wa-yshakkrēhû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular piel + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he made him drunk",
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went out",
"*bā-ʿereb*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the evening",
"*li-shkab*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - to lie down",
"*bə-mishkābô*": "preposition bet + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his bed",
"*ʿim-ʿabdê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - with the servants of",
"*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master",
"*wə-ʾel-bêytô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to his house",
"*lōʾ yārād*": "negation + perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did not go down"
},
"variants": {
"*yiqrāʾ-lô*": "invited him/called to him/summoned him",
"*yōʾchal lə-fānāyw*": "ate before him/ate in his presence",
"*yshakkrēhû*": "made him drunk/intoxicated him",
"*mishkābô*": "his bed/couch/place to lie down"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.14",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד סֵ֖פֶר אֶל־יוֹאָ֑ב וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח בְּיַ֥ד אוּרִיָּֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yhiy ba-bōqer* and *wa-yichtōb Dāwid sēfer ʾel-Yôʾāb* and *wa-yishlach bə-yad ʾÛrîyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*ba-bōqer*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the morning",
"*wa-yichtōb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote",
"*sēfer*": "noun masculine singular - letter/document",
"*ʾel-Yôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - to Joab",
"*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*bə-yad*": "preposition bet + noun feminine singular construct - by the hand of"
},
"variants": {
"*sēfer*": "letter/document/scroll",
"*bə-yad*": "by the hand of/through/by means of"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.15",
"source": "וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסֵּ֖פֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הָב֣וּ אֶת־אֽוּרִיָּ֗ה אֶל־מוּל֙ פְּנֵ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַֽחֲזָקָ֔ה וְשַׁבְתֶּ֥ם מֵאַחֲרָ֖יו וְנִכָּ֥ה וָמֵֽת׃ ס",
"text": "*wa-yichtōb ba-sēfer lēʾmōr hābû ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-mûl pənê ha-milchāmâ ha-chăzāqâ wə-shabtem mē-ʾachărāyw wə-nikkâ wā-mēt*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yichtōb*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he wrote",
"*ba-sēfer*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the letter",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*hābû*": "imperative masculine plural - set/place",
"*ʾel-mûl*": "preposition + preposition - opposite to",
"*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of",
"*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the battle",
"*ha-chăzāqâ*": "definite article + adjective feminine singular - the fierce",
"*wə-shabtem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall withdraw",
"*mē-ʾachărāyw*": "preposition min + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from behind him",
"*wə-nikkâ*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular niphal - and he will be struck",
"*wā-mēt*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd masculine singular - and die"
},
"variants": {
"*hābû*": "set/place/station/assign",
"*ʾel-mûl pənê ha-milchāmâ ha-chăzāqâ*": "in front of the fiercest fighting/facing the strongest part of the battle",
"*wə-shabtem mē-ʾachărāyw*": "withdraw from behind him/retreat from supporting him/pull back from him",
"*wə-nikkâ wā-mēt*": "that he may be struck and die/so he will be hit and killed"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.16",
"source": "וַיְהִ֕י בִּשְׁמ֥וֹר יוֹאָ֖ב אֶל־הָעִ֑יר וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־א֣וּרִיָּ֔ה אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדַ֔ע כִּ֥י אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "*wa-yhiy bi-shmôr Yôʾāb ʾel-hā-ʿîr* and *wa-yittēn ʾet-ʾÛrîyâ ʾel-ha-māqôm ʾăsher yādaʿ kî ʾanshê-chayil shām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass",
"*bi-shmôr*": "preposition bet + qal infinitive construct - when observed/when watched",
"*ʾel-hā-ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - at the city",
"*wa-yittēn*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he assigned/placed",
"*ʾel-ha-māqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the place",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yādaʿ*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - he knew",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*ʾanshê-chayil*": "noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular - men of valor/mighty men",
"*shām*": "adverb - there"
},
"variants": {
"*bi-shmôr*": "when observing/when besieging/when watching",
"*ʾel-hā-ʿîr*": "at the city/against the city",
"*yittēn*": "assigned/placed/stationed",
"*ʾanshê-chayil*": "valiant men/mighty warriors/skilled fighters"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.17",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י הָעִיר֙ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֣וּ אֶת־יוֹאָ֔ב וַיִּפֹּ֥ל מִן־הָעָ֖ם מֵעַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַיָּ֕מָת גַּ֖ם אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣəʾû ʾanshê hā-ʿîr* and *wa-yillāchămû ʾet-Yôʾāb* and *wa-yippōl min-hā-ʿām mē-ʿabdê Dāwid* and *wa-yāmāt gam ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣəʾû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went out",
"*ʾanshê hā-ʿîr*": "noun masculine plural construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - men of the city",
"*wa-yillāchămû*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural niphal - and they fought",
"*ʾet-Yôʾāb*": "direct object marker + proper noun - with Joab",
"*wa-yippōl*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and there fell",
"*min-hā-ʿām*": "preposition min + definite article + noun masculine singular - from the people",
"*mē-ʿabdê*": "preposition min + noun masculine plural construct - from the servants of",
"*wa-yāmāt*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and died",
"*gam*": "particle - also"
},
"variants": {
"*yēṣəʾû*": "went out/came out/sortied",
"*yillāchămû*": "fought with/battled against",
"*yippōl*": "fell/were killed",
"*min-hā-ʿām mē-ʿabdê Dāwid*": "some of David's men/troops/servants"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.11.18",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "*wa-yishlach Yôʾāb* and *wa-yaggēd lə-Dāwid ʾet-kol-dibrê ha-milchāmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*wa-yaggēd*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - and he reported",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - to David",
"*ʾet-kol-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - all the matters of",
"*ha-milchāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the battle"
},
"variants": {
"*yaggēd*": "reported/told/informed",
"*dibrê ha-milchāmâ*": "matters of the battle/events of the war/battle report"
}
}