1 Samuel 25:39

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.39", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *yišmaʿ* *Dāwid* that *mēt* *Nābāl*, and *yōʾmer*: *bārûk* *YHWH* who *rāb* *ʾet*-*rîb* *ḥerpātî* from *yad* *Nābāl*, and *ʾet*-*ʿabdô* *ḥāśak* from *rāʿāh*, and *ʾēt* *rāʿat* *Nābāl* *hēšîb* *YHWH* on *rōʾšô*. And *yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* and *yədabbēr* with *ʾĂbîgayil* to *qaḥtāh* to him for *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - heard", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*rāb*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - pleaded/contended", "*rîb*": "masculine singular construct - cause/case/dispute of", "*ḥerpātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my reproach/insult", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʿabdô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - kept back/withheld", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/harm", "*rāʿat*": "feminine singular construct - evil/wickedness of", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - returned/brought back", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*yišlaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - sent", "*yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - spoke", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*qaḥtāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - wife" }, "variants": { "*rāb* *rîb*": "pleaded the cause/contended the case/defended the right", "*ḥerpātî*": "my reproach/insult/shame/disgrace", "*ḥāśak*": "kept back/withheld/restrained", "*hēšîb*": "returned/brought back/repaid", "*rōʾšô*": "on his head (idiom for personal responsibility/consequence)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

Transliteration

And yišmaʿ Dāwid that mēt Nābāl, and yōʾmer: bārûk YHWH who rāb ʾet-rîb ḥerpātî from yad Nābāl, and ʾet-ʿabdô ḥāśak from rāʿāh, and ʾēt rāʿat Nābāl hēšîb YHWH on rōʾšô. And yišlaḥ Dāwid and yədabbēr with ʾĂbîgayil to qaḥtāh to him for ʾiššāh.

Grammar Details

• *yišmaʿ*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - heard
• *Dāwid*: proper noun - David
• *mēt*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead
• *Nābāl*: proper noun - Nabal
• *yōʾmer*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said
• *bārûk*: Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed
• *YHWH*: divine name
• *rāb*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - pleaded/contended
• *rîb*: masculine singular construct - cause/case/dispute of
• *ḥerpātî*: feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my reproach/insult
• *yad*: feminine singular construct - hand of
• *ʿabdô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant
• *ḥāśak*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - kept back/withheld
• *rāʿāh*: feminine singular noun - evil/harm
• *rāʿat*: feminine singular construct - evil/wickedness of
• *hēšîb*: Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - returned/brought back
• *rōʾšô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head
• *yišlaḥ*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - sent
• *yədabbēr*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - spoke
• *ʾĂbîgayil*: proper noun - Abigail
• *qaḥtāh*: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to take her
• *ʾiššāh*: feminine singular noun - wife

Word Meanings

• *rāb* *rîb*: pleaded the cause/contended the case/defended the right
• *ḥerpātî*: my reproach/insult/shame/disgrace
• *ḥāśak*: kept back/withheld/restrained
• *hēšîb*: returned/brought back/repaid
• *rōʾšô*: on his head (idiom for personal responsibility/consequence)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When David heard that Nabal had died, he said, 'Blessed be the Lord, who has upheld my cause against Nabal for insulting me, and has kept me, his servant, from wrongdoing. The Lord has brought Nabal’s wickedness upon his own head.' Then David sent word to Abigail, asking her to become his wife.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept His servant from evil; for the LORD has returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and spoke with Abigail, to take her to him as a wife.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Jehovah, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back his servant from evil: and the evil-doing of Nabal hath Jehovah returned upon his own head. And David sent and spake concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Whan Dauid herde that Nabal was deed, he sayde: Blessed be ye LORDE which hath auenged my rebuke on Nabal, and preserued his seruaunt from euell. And the LORDE hath rewarded Nabal that euell vpon his heade. And Dauid sent, and caused to talke with Abigail, yt he mighte take her to wife.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Now when Dauid heard, that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be the Lord that hath iudged the cause of my rebuke of ye hand of Nabal, and hath kept his seruant from euil: for the Lord hath recompensed the wickednesse of Nabal vpon his owne head. Also Dauid sent to commune with Abigail to take her to his wife.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And when Dauid heard that Nabal was dead, he sayd: Blessed be the Lord that hath iudged ye cause of my rebuke of the hand of Nabal, & hath kept his seruaunt from euill: For the Lord hath recompenced the wickednes of Nabal vpon his owne head. And Dauid sent to commune with Abigail, to take her to his wyfe.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed [be] the LORD, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept his servant from evil: for the LORD hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Yahweh, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept back his servant from evil: and the evil-doing of Nabal has Yahweh returned on his own head. David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to take her to him as wife.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and David heareth that Nabal `is' dead, and saith, `Blessed `is' Jehovah who hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and His servant hath kept back from evil, and the wickedness of Nabal hath Jehovah turned back on his own head;' and David sendeth and speaketh with Abigail, to take her to him for a wife.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Jehovah, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back his servant from evil: and the evil-doing of Nabal hath Jehovah returned upon his own head. And David sent and spake concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Jehovah, that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and hath kept back his servant from evil: and the evil-doing of Nabal hath Jehovah returned upon his own head. And David sent and spake concerning Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And David, hearing that Nabal was dead, said, May the Lord be praised, who has taken up my cause against Nabal for the shame which he put on me, and has kept back his servant from evil, and has sent on Nabal's head the reward of his evil-doing. And David sent word to Abigail, desiring to take her as his wife.

• World English Bible (2000)

  When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, "Blessed is Yahweh, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept back his servant from evil. Yahweh has returned the evildoing of Nabal on his own head." David sent and spoke concerning Abigail, to take her to him as wife.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When David heard that Nabal had died, he said,“Praised be the LORD who has vindicated me and avenged the insult that I suffered from Nabal! The LORD has kept his servant from doing evil, and he has repaid Nabal for his evil deeds.” Then David sent word to Abigail and asked her to become his wife.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Sam 25:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.26", "source": "וְעַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֗י חַי־יְהוָ֤ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְנָעֲךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדְךָ֖ לָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽהְי֤וּ כְנָבָל֙ אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י רָעָֽה׃", "text": "wə-*ʿattâ* *ʾădōnî* *ḥay*-*YHWH* wə-*ḥê*-*napšəḵā* which *mənāʿăḵā* *YHWH* from-*bôʾ* in-*dāmîm* wə-*hôšēaʿ* *yādəḵā* to-you wə-*ʿattâ* *yihyû* like-*nābāl* *ʾōyəbeyḵā* wə-the-*məbaqəšîm* unto-*ʾădōnî* *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "wə-": "conjunction - and", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/life of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ḥê*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/life of", "*napšəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your soul", "*mənāʿăḵā*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he has kept you", "*bôʾ*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - coming/entering", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - blood/bloodshed", "*hôšēaʿ*": "verb, Hifil infinitive construct - saving/helping", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*yihyû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be", "*nābāl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nabal", "*ʾōyəbeyḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*məbaqəšîm*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine plural - seeking", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/harm" }, "variants": { "*mənāʿăḵā*": "he has kept you/he has restrained you/he has prevented you", "*bôʾ* in-*dāmîm*": "coming into bloodshed/bloodguilt/shedding blood", "*hôšēaʿ*": "saving/helping/delivering", "*yādəḵā*": "your hand/your power", "*məbaqəšîm*": "seeking/searching for/desiring" } }
• 1 Sam 25:34 : 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.34", "source": "וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ *ותבאתי **וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃", "text": "But *ʾûlām* *ḥay*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *məuāʿanî* from *hāraʿ* to you, for unless *mihartə* and *tābōʾt* to *qirʾātî*, surely not would have *nôtar* to *Nābāl* until *ʾôr* the *bōqer* *maštîn* in *qîr*.", "grammar": { "*ʾûlām*": "adverb - however/but/nevertheless", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/alive", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*məuāʿanî*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - prevented me", "*hāraʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to do evil/harm", "*mihartə*": "Piel perfect 2nd feminine singular - you hurried/hastened", "*tābōʾt*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - you came", "*qirʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - to meet me", "*nôtar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - would have remained/been left", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular construct - light of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning", "*maštîn*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who urinates", "*qîr*": "masculine singular noun - wall" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*": "living/alive/as surely as lives", "*məuāʿanî*": "prevented me/kept me from/restrained me", "*hāraʿ*": "to do evil/harm/hurt", "*nôtar*": "remained/been left/survived", "*maštîn* in *qîr*": "one who urinates against a wall (idiom for male)" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:44 : 44 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.44", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֗י אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָדַע֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ לְדָוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רָעָתְךָ֖ בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*hammelek* to-*Shimʿî*, \"You *ʾattâ* *yādaʿtā* *ʾēt* all-the-*hārāʿâ* which *yādaʿ* *ləbābəkā*, which *ʿāśîtā* to-*Dāwid* my-father; and *wəhēshîb* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*rāʿātəkā* on-*bərōʾshekā*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*hammelek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*Shimʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shimei", "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you know/knew", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hārāʿâ*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the evil/wickedness", "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*ləbābəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you did/made", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my father", "*wəhēshîb*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has returned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*rāʿātəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your evil/wickedness", "*bərōʾshekā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - on your head" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*yādaʿtā*": "you know/knew/are aware of", "*hārāʿâ*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*yādaʿ*": "knew/was aware of/acknowledged", "*ləbābəkā*": "your heart/mind/inner self", "*ʿāśîtā*": "did/made/committed", "*wəhēshîb*": "has returned/brought back/repaid", "*rāʿātəkā*": "your evil/wickedness/malice", "*bərōʾshekā*": "on your head/upon yourself" } }
• 1 Sam 25:32 : 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.32", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖ד לַאֲבִיגַ֑ל בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לִקְרָאתִֽי׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *ʾĂbîgal*: *bārûk* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *šəlāḥēk* the day the this to *qirʾātî*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw-consecutive - said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾĂbîgal*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəlāḥēk*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - sent you", "*qirʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - to meet me" }, "variants": { "*bārûk*": "blessed/praised", "*šəlāḥēk*": "sent you/dispatched you", "*qirʾātî*": "meeting me/encountering me" } }
• Prov 22:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.22.23", "source": "כִּֽי־יְ֭הוָה יָרִ֣יב רִיבָ֑ם וְקָבַ֖ע אֶת־קֹבְעֵיהֶ֣ם נָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "For *YHWH* *yārîb* *rîbām* and *qāba'* *'eT-qōbĕ'êhem* *nāpeš*.", "grammar": { "For": "conjunction, *kî* - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yārîb*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will contend/plead", "*rîbām*": "noun with pronominal suffix, masculine singular - their case/dispute", "and": "conjunction, *wĕ* - and", "*qāba'*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rob/despoil", "*'eT-qōbĕ'êhem*": "direct object marker with verb, Qal participle, masculine plural with pronominal suffix - those who rob them", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - life/soul" }, "variants": { "*yārîb*": "will contend/will plead/will defend", "*rîbām*": "their case/their cause/their dispute", "*qāba'*": "will rob/will despoil/will take away", "*qōbĕ'êhem*": "those who rob them/those who defraud them", "*nāpeš*": "life/soul/being/person" } }
• Ps 7:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.7.16", "source": "בּ֣וֹר כָּ֭רָֽה וַֽיַּחְפְּרֵ֑הוּ וַ֝יִּפֹּ֗ל בְּשַׁ֣חַת יִפְעָֽל׃", "text": "*bôr* *kārāh* *wayyaḥpərēhû* *wayyippōl* in-*shaḥat* *yipʿāl*", "grammar": { "*bôr*": "noun, masculine singular - pit/cistern", "*kārāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has dug", "*wayyaḥpərēhû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he dug it", "*wayyippōl*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he has fallen", "*bəshaḥat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into the pit", "*yipʿāl*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he makes/works" }, "variants": { "*bôr*": "pit/cistern/well", "*kārāh*": "dug/excavated/hollowed out", "*wayyaḥpərēhû*": "dug it out/excavated it/hollowed it out", "*shaḥat*": "pit/trap/destruction", "*yipʿāl*": "makes/works/fashions" } }
• Ps 58:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.58.10", "source": "‫בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמוֹ־חַ֥י כְּמוֹ־חָ֝ר֗וֹן יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ׃‬", "text": "*bəṭerem* *yābînû* *sîrōtêkem* *ʾāṭād* *kəmô*-*ḥay* *kəmô*-*ḥārôn* *yiśʿārénnû*", "grammar": { "*bəṭerem*": "preposition bet + conjunction - before", "*yābînû*": "qal 3mp imperfect - they perceive/understand", "*sîrōtêkem*": "feminine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your pots", "*ʾāṭād*": "masculine singular noun - thorns/bramble", "*kəmô*-*ḥay*": "preposition + adjective - like living/raw", "*kəmô*-*ḥārôn*": "preposition + masculine singular adjective/noun - like burning/heat", "*yiśʿārénnû*": "qal 3ms imperfect + 3ms suffix - he will sweep away/blow away" }, "variants": { "*bəṭerem*": "before/not yet", "*yābînû*": "perceive/understand/discern", "*sîrōtêkem*": "your pots/cooking vessels/thorns", "*ʾāṭād*": "thorns/bramble/buckthorn", "*ḥay*": "living/raw/alive", "*ḥārôn*": "burning/heat/anger", "*yiśʿārénnû*": "sweep away/blow away/storm against it (difficult text with multiple interpretations)" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.58.11", "source": "‫יִשְׂמַ֣ח צַ֭דִּיק כִּי־חָזָ֣ה נָקָ֑ם פְּעָמָ֥יו יִ֝רְחַ֗ץ בְּדַ֣ם הָרָשָֽׁע׃‬", "text": "*yiśmaḥ* *ṣaddîq* *kî*-*ḥāzâ* *nāqām* *pəʿāmāyw* *yirḥaṣ* *bədam* *hārāšāʿ*", "grammar": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "qal 3ms imperfect - he rejoices", "*ṣaddîq*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - righteous/just one", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/when/that", "*ḥāzâ*": "qal 3ms perfect - he has seen/beheld", "*nāqām*": "masculine singular noun - vengeance/revenge", "*pəʿāmāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his feet/steps", "*yirḥaṣ*": "qal 3ms imperfect - he washes", "*bədam*": "preposition bet + masculine singular construct - in blood of", "*hārāšāʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - the wicked one" }, "variants": { "*yiśmaḥ*": "rejoices/is glad", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*ḥāzâ*": "sees/beholds/perceives", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge/retribution", "*pəʿāmāyw*": "his feet/steps/footsteps", "*yirḥaṣ*": "washes/bathes", "*hārāšāʿ*": "the wicked one/the evil person" } }
• Prov 18:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.18.22", "source": "מָצָ֣א אִ֭שָּׁה מָ֣צָא ט֑וֹב וַיָּ֥פֶק רָ֝צ֗וֹן מֵיְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*māṣāʾ* *ʾiššāh* *māṣāʾ* *ṭôḇ* and-*yāp̄eq* *rāṣôn* from-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*māṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - finds/found", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*ṭôḇ*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - good thing/goodness", "*yāp̄eq*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - obtains/gets", "*rāṣôn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/goodwill/acceptance", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*māṣāʾ*": "finds/found/discovers", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife", "*ṭôḇ*": "good thing/goodness/benefit/blessing", "*yāp̄eq*": "obtains/gets/receives/draws out", "*rāṣôn*": "favor/goodwill/acceptance/pleasure" } }
• Prov 19:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.14", "source": "בַּ֣יִת וָ֭הוֹן נַחֲלַ֣ת אָב֑וֹת וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה אִשָּׁ֥ה מַשְׂכָּֽלֶת׃", "text": "*bayit* and *hōn* *naḥălat* *ʾābōt* and from *YHWH* *ʾiššāh* *maśkālet*.", "grammar": { "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house/home", "*hōn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*ʾābōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fathers/ancestors", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*maśkālet*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine singular - prudent/intelligent" }, "variants": { "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*hōn*": "wealth/riches/substance", "*naḥălat*": "inheritance of/heritage of", "*ʾābōt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife/female", "*maśkālet*": "prudent/intelligent/wise" } }
• Prov 31:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.10", "source": "אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ", "text": "*ʾēšet*-*ḥayil* *mî* *yimṣāʾ* *wĕrāḥōq* *mippĕnînîm* *mikrāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/valor/worth", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yimṣāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - finds/will find", "*wĕrāḥōq*": "conjunction *wə* + adjective masculine singular - and far", "*mippĕnînîm*": "preposition *min* + noun, masculine plural - than jewels/rubies/corals", "*mikrāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her value/price" }, "variants": { "*ʾēšet*-*ḥayil*": "woman of valor/capable wife/excellent wife/virtuous woman", "*ḥayil*": "valor/worth/strength/capability/excellence", "*yimṣāʾ*": "will find/can find", "*pĕnînîm*": "jewels/rubies/corals/precious stones", "*mikrāh*": "her value/her price/her worth" } }
• Prov 31:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.30", "source": "שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭חֵן וְהֶ֣בֶל הַיֹּ֑פִי אִשָּׁ֥ה יִרְאַת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תִתְהַלָּֽל", "text": "*šeqer* *haḥēn* *wĕhebel* *hayyōpî* *ʾiššāh* *yirʾat*-*YHWH* *hîʾ* *tithallāl*", "grammar": { "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - deception/falsehood", "*haḥēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the grace/charm", "*wĕhebel*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, masculine singular - and vanity/emptiness", "*hayyōpî*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the beauty", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*yirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd feminine singular - she", "*tithallāl*": "verb, Hithpael imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she is praised" }, "variants": { "*šeqer*": "deception/falsehood/deceitfulness", "*ḥēn*": "grace/charm/favor", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor", "*yōpî*": "beauty/attractiveness", "*yirʾat*-*YHWH*": "fear of YHWH/reverence for the LORD", "*tithallāl*": "she is praised/commended/celebrated" } }
• Song 8:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Song of Songs.8.8", "source": "אָח֥וֹת לָ֙נוּ֙ קְטַנָּ֔ה וְשָׁדַ֖יִם אֵ֣ין לָ֑הּ מַֽה־נַּעֲשֶׂה֙ לַאֲחֹתֵ֔נוּ בַּיּ֖וֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*ʾāḥôt* to-us *qĕṭannâ* and-*šādayim* *ʾên* to-her what-*naʿăśeh* for-*ʾăḥōtēnû* in-the-*yôm* *šeyyĕdubbar*-in-her", "grammar": { "*ʾāḥôt*": "feminine singular noun - sister", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to us/we have", "*qĕṭannâ*": "adjective feminine singular - little/young/small", "*šādayim*": "masculine dual noun - breasts", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there are not", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her/she has", "*naʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will do", "*ʾăḥōtēnû*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person plural suffix - our sister", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*šeyyĕdubbar*": "conjunction + pual imperfect 3rd masculine singular - when it is spoken", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - about her" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḥôt lānû*": "we have a sister/our sister", "*qĕṭannâ*": "little/young/small", "*šādayim ʾên lāh*": "she has no breasts/her breasts are not developed", "*yôm šeyyĕdubbar-bāh*": "day when she is spoken for/day when she is sought in marriage" } }
• Lam 3:58-60 : 58 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.58", "source": "רַ֧בְתָּ אֲדֹנָ֛י רִיבֵ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י גָּאַ֥לְתָּ חַיָּֽי׃", "text": "*rabtā* *ʾădōnāy* *rîbê* *napšî* *gāʾaltā* *ḥayyāy*", "grammar": { "*rabtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have pleaded", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*rîbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - disputes of", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*gāʾaltā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have redeemed", "*ḥayyāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my life" }, "variants": { "*rabtā*": "you have pleaded/you have contended for/you have fought", "*rîbê*": "disputes of/causes of/cases of", "*napšî*": "my soul/my life/myself", "*gāʾaltā*": "you have redeemed/you have ransomed" } } 59 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.59", "source": "רָאִ֤יתָה יְהוָה֙ עַוָּ֣תָתִ֔י שָׁפְטָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃", "text": "*rāʾîtâ* *YHWH* *ʿawwātātî* *šāpṭâ* *mišpāṭî*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have seen", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿawwātātî*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my wrong", "*šāpṭâ*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - judge", "*mišpāṭî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my cause" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtâ*": "you have seen/you have observed", "*ʿawwātātî*": "my wrong/my injustice/my oppression", "*šāpṭâ*": "judge/vindicate", "*mišpāṭî*": "my cause/my case/my right" } } 60 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.60", "source": "רָאִ֙יתָה֙ כָּל־נִקְמָתָ֔ם כָּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם לִֽי׃", "text": "*rāʾîtâ* all *niqmātām* all *maḥšebōtām* for me", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have seen", "*niqmātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their vengeance", "*maḥšebōtām*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their plans" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtâ*": "you have seen/you have observed", "*niqmātām*": "their vengeance/their revenge", "*maḥšebōtām*": "their plans/their thoughts/their schemes" } }
• Hos 2:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.6", "source": "‫וְאֶת־בָּנֶ֖יהָ לֹ֣א אֲרַחֵ֑ם כִּֽי־בְנֵ֥י זְנוּנִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃‬", "text": "And *ʾet*-*bānêhā* not *ʾăraḥēm* for-*bənê* *zənûnîm* *hēmmāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānêhā*": "noun, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sons/children", "*ʾăraḥēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will have mercy", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of", "*zənûnîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - harlotries", "*hēmmāh*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd plural, masculine - they" }, "variants": { "*bānêhā*": "her sons/children/offspring", "*ʾăraḥēm*": "I will have mercy/compassion/pity", "*bənê*": "sons/children/offspring of", "*zənûnîm*": "harlotries/prostitutions/sexual immoralities", "*hēmmāh*": "they/those ones" } } 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.7", "source": "‫כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם הֹבִ֖ישָׁה הֽוֹרָתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֤י מְאַהֲבַי֙ נֹתְנֵ֤י לַחְמִי֙ וּמֵימַ֔י צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י שַׁמְנִ֖י וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃‬", "text": "For *zāntāh* *ʾimmām*, *hôbîšāh* *hôrātām*; for *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* after *məʾahăbay* *nōtnê* *laḥmî* and *mêmay*, *ṣamrî* and *pištî*, *šamnî* and *šiqqûyāy*.", "grammar": { "*zāntāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she committed fornication", "*ʾimmām*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their mother", "*hôbîšāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she caused shame", "*hôrātām*": "qal participle + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their conceiver", "*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she said", "*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go", "*məʾahăbay*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my lovers", "*nōtnê*": "qal participle, masculine, plural, construct - givers of", "*laḥmî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my bread", "*mêmay*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my water", "*ṣamrî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wool", "*pištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my flax", "*šamnî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my oil", "*šiqqûyāy*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my drinks" }, "variants": { "*zāntāh*": "she committed fornication/played the harlot", "*ʾimmām*": "their mother (collective reference to the nation)", "*hôbîšāh*": "she caused shame/acted shamefully", "*hôrātām*": "their conceiver/she who conceived them", "*ʾāmrāh*": "she said/spoke/declared", "*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will pursue", "*məʾahăbay*": "my lovers/those who love me/my paramours (reference to false gods)", "*nōtnê*": "givers/providers of", "*laḥmî*": "my bread/food/sustenance", "*mêmay*": "my water/drink", "*ṣamrî*": "my wool/fleece", "*pištî*": "my flax/linen", "*šamnî*": "my oil/fat", "*šiqqûyāy*": "my drinks/beverages" } }
• Mic 7:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.7.9", "source": "זַ֤עַף יְהוָה֙ אֶשָּׂ֔א כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אתִי ל֑וֹ עַד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֤יב רִיבִי֙ וְעָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁפָּטִ֔י יוֹצִיאֵ֣נִי לָא֔וֹר אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Zaʿap* *YHWH* *ʾeśśāʾ*, for *ḥāṭāʾtî* to him, until *ʾăšer* *yārîb* my *rîbî* and *ʿāśāh* my *mišpāṭî*; he *yôṣîʾēnî* to the-*ʾôr*, *ʾerʾeh* in-his *ṣidqātô*.", "grammar": { "*zaʿap*": "masculine singular construct noun - indignation/rage of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will bear", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he pleads/contends", "*rîbî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my case/cause", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he executes/performs", "*mišpāṭî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my justice/judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will bring me out", "*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the light", "*ʾerʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will see", "*bə-ṣidqātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his righteousness" }, "variants": { "*zaʿap*": "indignation/rage/anger/wrath", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I will bear/endure/carry", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/offended/done wrong", "*yārîb rîbî*": "he will plead my case/contend for my cause/defend my right", "*ʿāśāh mišpāṭî*": "he executes my justice/performs my judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "he will bring me out/lead me forth", "*ṣidqātô*": "his righteousness/justice/vindication" } }
• 2 Cor 13:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.13.7", "source": "Εὐχόμαι δὲ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν μηδέν· οὐχ ἵνα ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι φανῶμεν, ἀλλʼ ἵνα ὑμεῖς τὸ καλὸν ποιῆτε, ἡμεῖς δὲ ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν.", "text": "*Euchomai de pros ton Theon mē poiēsai* you *kakon mēden; ouch hina hēmeis dokimoi phanōmen, all' hina hymeis to kalon poiēte, hēmeis de hōs adokimoi ōmen*.", "grammar": { "*Euchomai*": "present, indicative, middle, 1st person singular - I pray", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*ton Theon*": "article + noun, accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*poiēsai*": "aorist, infinitive, active - to do", "*kakon*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - evil/wrong", "*mēden*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*ouch*": "negative particle - not", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*hēmeis*": "personal pronoun, nominative, 1st person plural - we", "*dokimoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - approved/passing the test", "*phanōmen*": "aorist, subjunctive, passive, 1st person plural - may appear", "*all'*": "adversative conjunction - but", "*hymeis*": "personal pronoun, nominative, 2nd person plural - you", "*to kalon*": "article + adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - the good", "*poiēte*": "present, subjunctive, active, 2nd person plural - you may do", "*hōs*": "adverb/conjunction - as/like", "*adokimoi*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, plural - unapproved/failing the test", "*ōmen*": "present, subjunctive, active, 1st person plural - we may be" }, "variants": { "*Euchomai*": "pray/wish/desire", "*kakon*": "evil/wrong/bad/harm", "*dokimoi*": "approved/genuine/tested/authentic", "*phanōmen*": "may appear/may be seen/may be shown", "*kalon*": "good/right/proper/beautiful", "*adokimoi*": "unapproved/disqualified/rejected/counterfeit" } }
• 1 Thess 5:23 : 23 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.5.23", "source": "Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς· καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀμέμπτως ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τηρηθείη.", "text": "*Autos de ho Theos tēs eirēnēs hagiasai hymas holoteleis*; and *holoklēron hymōn to pneuma kai hē psychē kai to sōma amemptōs en tē parousia tou Kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou tērētheiē*.", "grammar": { "*Autos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, intensive - himself", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/now/but", "*ho Theos tēs eirēnēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular with article + genitive phrase - the God of peace", "*hagiasai*": "aorist, active, optative, 3rd person singular - may sanctify", "*hymas*": "accusative, plural - you (object)", "*holoteleis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - completely/wholly", "*holoklēron*": "nominative, neuter, singular - entire/complete", "*hymōn*": "genitive, plural - of you/your", "*to pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular with article - the spirit", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*hē psychē*": "nominative, feminine, singular with article - the soul", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*to sōma*": "nominative, neuter, singular with article - the body", "*amemptōs*": "adverb - blamelessly", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in/at", "*tē parousia*": "dative, feminine, singular with article - the coming/arrival", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular with article - of the Lord", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, plural - of us/our", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Jesus Christ", "*tērētheiē*": "aorist, passive, optative, 3rd person singular - may be preserved" }, "variants": { "*Autos*": "himself (emphasizing God personally)", "*eirēnēs*": "of peace/of harmony", "*hagiasai*": "may sanctify/may make holy", "*holoteleis*": "completely/wholly/through and through", "*holoklēron*": "entire/complete/whole/sound in every part", "*pneuma*": "spirit/Spirit", "*psychē*": "soul/life/inner self", "*sōma*": "body/physical form", "*amemptōs*": "blamelessly/without fault", "*parousia*": "coming/arrival/presence", "*tērētheiē*": "may be preserved/may be kept/may be guarded" } }
• 2 Tim 4:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Timothy.4.18", "source": "Καὶ ῥύσεταί με ὁ Κύριος ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔργου πονηροῦ, καὶ σώσει εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐπουράνιον: ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.", "text": "And *rysetai* me the *Kyrios* *apo* every *ergou* *ponērou*, and *sōsei* to the *basileian* of him the *epouranion*: to whom the *doxa* to the *aiōnas* of the *aiōnōn*. *Amēn*.", "grammar": { "*rysetai*": "future indicative middle, 3rd person singular - will rescue/deliver", "*Kyrios*": "noun, nominative masculine singular - Lord", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*ergou*": "noun, genitive neuter singular - work/deed", "*ponērou*": "adjective, genitive neuter singular - evil/wicked", "*sōsei*": "future indicative active, 3rd person singular - will save/preserve", "*basileian*": "noun, accusative feminine singular - kingdom/reign", "*epouranion*": "adjective, accusative feminine singular - heavenly/celestial", "*doxa*": "noun, nominative feminine singular - glory/honor", "*aiōnas*": "noun, accusative masculine plural - ages/eternities", "*aiōnōn*": "noun, genitive masculine plural - of ages/eternities", "*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - truly/so be it" }, "variants": { "*rysetai*": "will rescue/deliver/save from", "*ergou*": "work/deed/action/enterprise", "*ponērou*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*sōsei*": "will save/preserve/bring safely", "*basileian*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*epouranion*": "heavenly/celestial/belonging to heaven", "*doxa*": "glory/honor/splendor/praise", "*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/eons", "*Amēn*": "truly/verily/so be it" } }
• Rev 19:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.1", "source": "Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἤκουσα φωνὴν μεγάλην ὄχλου πολλοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, λεγόντος, Ἁλληλουϊά· Ἡ σωτηρία, καὶ ἡ δόξα, καὶ ἡ τιμὴ, καὶ ἡ δύναμις, Κυρίῳ τῷ Θεῷ ἡμῶν:", "text": "And after *tauta* I *ēkousa* *phōnēn* *megalēn* of *ochlou* *pollou* in the *ouranō*, *legontos*, *Hallēlouïa*; The *sōtēria*, and the *doxa*, and the *timē*, and the *dynamis*, to *Kyriō* the *Theō* *hēmōn*:", "grammar": { "*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - these things", "*ēkousa*": "aorist, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I heard", "*phōnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*ochlou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - crowd/multitude", "*pollou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - great/many/much", "*ouranō*": "dative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*legontos*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, singular - saying", "*Hallēlouïa*": "transliteration of Hebrew הַלְלוּ-יָהּ - praise Yahweh", "*sōtēria*": "nominative, feminine, singular - salvation", "*doxa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - glory", "*timē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - honor", "*dynamis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - power", "*Kyriō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to [the] Lord", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*hēmōn*": "genitive, 1st person plural - our" }, "variants": { "*phōnēn*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*megalēn*": "great/loud/powerful", "*ochlou*": "crowd/multitude/throng", "*Hallēlouïa*": "praise Yahweh/praise the LORD", "*sōtēria*": "salvation/deliverance/preservation", "*doxa*": "glory/splendor/brightness", "*timē*": "honor/value/price", "*dynamis*": "power/might/strength/ability", "*Kyriō*": "Lord/Master/Owner" } } 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.2", "source": "Ὅτι ἀληθιναὶ καὶ δίκαιαι αἱ κρίσεις αὐτοῦ: ὅτι ἔκρινεν τὴν πόρνην τὴν μεγάλην, ἥτις ἔφθειρεν τὴν γῆν ἐν τῇ πορνείᾳ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς.", "text": "For *alēthinai* and *dikaiai* [are] the *kriseis* of him: for he *ekrinen* the *pornēn* the *megalēn*, who *ephtheiren* the *gēn* in the *porneia* of her, and *exedikēsen* the *haima* of the *doulōn* of him from *cheiros* of her.", "grammar": { "*alēthinai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - true", "*dikaiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - righteous/just", "*kriseis*": "nominative, feminine, plural - judgments", "*ekrinen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he judged", "*pornēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - prostitute/harlot", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*ephtheiren*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - corrupted/destroyed", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*porneia*": "dative, feminine, singular - sexual immorality/fornication", "*exedikēsen*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - avenged/vindicated", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*doulōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - slaves/servants", "*cheiros*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hand" }, "variants": { "*alēthinai*": "true/genuine/real", "*dikaiai*": "righteous/just/fair", "*kriseis*": "judgments/decisions/separations", "*pornēn*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*ephtheiren*": "corrupted/destroyed/ruined", "*gēn*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*porneia*": "sexual immorality/prostitution/fornication", "*exedikēsen*": "avenged/vindicated/punished", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*doulōn*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*cheiros*": "hand/power/control" } } 3 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.3", "source": "Καὶ δεύτερον εἴρηκαν, Ἁλληλουϊά. Καὶ ὁ καπνὸς αὐτῆς ἀναβαίνει εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.", "text": "And a second [time] they *eirēkan*, *Hallēlouïa*. And the *kapnos* of her *anabainei* into the *aiōnas* of the *aiōnōn*.", "grammar": { "*eirēkan*": "perfect, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they have said", "*Hallēlouïa*": "transliteration of Hebrew הַלְלוּ-יָהּ - praise Yahweh", "*kapnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - smoke", "*anabainei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - is going up/ascending", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages", "*aiōnōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of ages" }, "variants": { "*eirēkan*": "have said/have spoken/have uttered", "*Hallēlouïa*": "praise Yahweh/praise the LORD", "*kapnos*": "smoke/vapor", "*anabainei*": "goes up/ascends/rises", "*aiōnas tōn aiōnōn*": "ages of ages/forever and ever/for all eternity" } } 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.19.4", "source": "Καὶ ἔπεσαν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι οἱ εἴκοσι καὶ τέσσαρες καὶ τὰ τέσσαρα ζῷα καὶ προσεκύνησαν τῷ Θεῷ τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου, λέγοντες, Ἀμήν· Ἁλληλουϊά.", "text": "And *epesan* the *presbyteroi* the twenty and four and the four *zōa* and *prosekynēsan* to the *Theō* to the one *kathēmenō* upon the *thronou*, *legontes*, *Amēn*; *Hallēlouïa*.", "grammar": { "*epesan*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they fell", "*presbyteroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - elders", "*zōa*": "nominative, neuter, plural - living creatures", "*prosekynēsan*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they worshipped", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*kathēmenō*": "present participle, dative, masculine, singular - sitting/seated", "*thronou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - throne", "*legontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*Amēn*": "transliteration of Hebrew אָמֵן - truly/surely", "*Hallēlouïa*": "transliteration of Hebrew הַלְלוּ-יָהּ - praise Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*epesan*": "fell/fell down/collapsed", "*presbyteroi*": "elders/older men", "*zōa*": "living creatures/living beings/animals", "*prosekynēsan*": "worshipped/bowed down to/paid homage to", "*kathēmenō*": "sitting/seated/enthroned", "*thronou*": "throne/seat of power", "*Amēn*": "truly/surely/so be it", "*Hallēlouïa*": "praise Yahweh/praise the LORD" } }
• Judg 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Judges.5.2", "source": "בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "In-*para* *peraot* in-*Israel* in-*nadab* people, *barak* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "בִּפְרֹ֤עַ": "preposition ב + Qal infinitive construct - in loosening/leading", "*peraot*": "noun, feminine plural - leaders/long hair/loosening", "בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל": "preposition ב + proper name - in Israel", "בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב": "preposition ב + Hithpael infinitive construct - in volunteering/offering oneself", "עָ֑ם": "noun, masculine singular - people", "בָּרֲכ֖וּ": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - bless!", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*para*": "to loosen/lead/let loose hair", "*peraot*": "leaders/those with long hair/acts of leadership", "*nadab*": "to volunteer/offer willingly/dedicate oneself", "*barak*": "bless/praise/kneel" } }
• 1 Sam 24:15 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.24.15", "source": "אַחֲרֵ֨י מִ֤י יָצָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֥י מִ֖י אַתָּ֣ה רֹדֵ֑ף אַֽחֲרֵי֙ כֶּ֣לֶב מֵ֔ת אַחֲרֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֥שׁ אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "After whom *yāṣāʾ* *melek* *Yiśrāʾēl* after whom you *rōdēp* after *keleb* *mēt* after *parʿōš* *ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has gone out", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*rōdēp*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal stem - pursuing", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog", "*mēt*": "adjective, masculine singular - dead", "*parʿōš*": "noun, masculine singular - flea", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one/single" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "has gone out/come out/departed", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing/persecuting", "*keleb*": "dog (term of self-abasement)", "*mēt*": "dead/worthless/insignificant", "*parʿōš*": "flea/insect (term of self-abasement)" } }
• Esth 7:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Esther.7.10", "source": "וַיִּתְלוּ֙ אֶת־הָמָ֔ן עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִ֣ין לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַחֲמַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה׃", "text": "And *wayyitlû* *ʾet*-*hāmān* on the *ʿēṣ* which *hēkîn* for *mordŏkāy*. And *ḥămat* the *melek* *šākākâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyitlû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they hanged", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the gallows/tree", "*hēkîn*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had prepared", "*mordŏkāy*": "proper noun - Mordecai", "*ḥămat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wrath of", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*šākākâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - subsided/abated" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣ*": "gallows/tree/wooden structure", "*hēkîn*": "prepared/made ready/set up", "*šākākâ*": "subsided/abated/was pacified" } }
• 2 Sam 3:28-29 : 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע דָּוִד֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָקִ֨י אָנֹכִ֧י וּמַמְלַכְתִּ֛י מֵעִ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם מִדְּמֵ֖י אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃", "text": "And *wə-yišmaʿ* *dāwid* from-after thus and *wə-yōʾmer* *nāqî* *ʾānōkî* and-*mamləkatî* from-with *yhwh* until-*ʿôlām* from-*dəmê* *ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent/free from guilt", "*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*mamləkatî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my kingdom", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun - Ner" }, "variants": { "*nāqî*": "innocent/free from guilt/exempt", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodguilt/bloodshed" } } 29 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.29", "source": "יָחֻ֙לוּ֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ יוֹאָ֔ב וְאֶ֖ל כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יו וְֽאַל־יִכָּרֵ֣ת מִבֵּ֣ית יוֹאָ֡ב זָ֠ב וּמְצֹרָ֞ע וּמַחֲזִ֥יק בַּפֶּ֛לֶךְ וְנֹפֵ֥ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב וַחֲסַר־לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*yāḥullû* upon *rōʾš* *yôʾāb* *wə-* to all *bêt* *ʾābîw* *wə-ʾal* *yikkārēt* from *bêt* *yôʾāb* *zāb* *û-məṣōrāʿ* *û-maḥăzîq* in *pelekh* *wə-nōpēl* in *ḥereb* *wa-ḥăsar* *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*yāḥullû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - may they fall/rest/be", "*rōʾš*": "construct masculine singular - head of", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*bêt*": "construct masculine singular - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yikkārēt*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he be cut off", "*zāb*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one having a discharge", "*û-məṣōrāʿ*": "conjunction + Pual participle masculine singular - and one being leprous", "*û-maḥăzîq*": "conjunction + Hiphil participle masculine singular - and one holding", "*pelekh*": "noun masculine singular - staff/spindle/distaff", "*wə-nōpēl*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - and one falling", "*ḥereb*": "noun feminine singular - sword", "*wa-ḥăsar*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular construct - and lacking of", "*lāḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*yāḥullû*": "may they fall upon/rest upon/be upon", "*pelekh*": "spindle/distaff/crutch", "*ḥăsar*": "lacking/needy of", "*zāb*": "one having an issue/discharge (ceremonially unclean condition)" } }
• 2 Sam 22:47-49 : 47 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.47", "source": "חַי־יְהוָ֖ה וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י וְיָרֻ֕ם אֱלֹהֵ֖י צ֥וּר יִשְׁעִֽי׃", "text": "Lives-*YHWH* and *bārûk* *ṣûrî*; and *yārūm* *ʾĕlōhê* *ṣûr* *yišʿî*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*bārûk*": "Qal passive participle ms - blessed", "*ṣûrî*": "masculine noun with 1cs suffix - my rock", "*yārūm*": "Qal imperfect 3ms jussive - may he be exalted", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct of *ʾĕlōhîm* - God of", "*ṣûr*": "masculine noun construct - rock of", "*yišʿî*": "masculine noun with 1cs suffix - my salvation" }, "variants": { "*bārûk*": "blessed, praised", "*ṣûrî*": "my rock, my strength, my fortress", "*yārūm*": "be exalted, be lifted up, be high", "*ṣûr*": "rock, fortress, strength" } } 48 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.48", "source": "הָאֵ֕ל הַנֹּתֵ֥ן נְקָמֹ֖ת לִ֑י וּמוֹרִ֥יד עַמִּ֖ים תַּחְתֵּֽנִי׃", "text": "*hāʾēl* *hannōtēn* *neqāmōt* to me; and *môrîd* *ʿammîm* under me.", "grammar": { "*hāʾēl*": "definite article + masculine noun - the God", "*hannōtēn*": "definite article + Qal participle ms - the one giving", "*neqāmōt*": "feminine plural noun - vengeance", "*môrîd*": "Hiphil participle ms - bringing down", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples" }, "variants": { "*hannōtēn*": "who gives, who grants, who allows", "*neqāmōt*": "vengeance, revenge, retribution", "*môrîd*": "brings down, subdues, causes to descend", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples, nations, tribes" } } 49 { "verseID": "2Samuel.22.49", "source": "וּמוֹצִיאִ֖י מֵאֹֽיְבָ֑י וּמִקָּמַי֙ תְּר֣וֹמְמֵ֔נִי מֵאִ֥ישׁ חֲמָסִ֖ים תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃", "text": "And *môṣîʾî* from *ʾōyebāy*; and from *qāmay* *terômemēnî*, from *ʾîš* *ḥămāsîm* *taṣṣîlēnî*.", "grammar": { "*môṣîʾî*": "Hiphil participle ms with 1cs suffix - bringing me out", "*ʾōyebāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1cs suffix - my enemies", "*qāmay*": "Qal participle masculine plural with 1cs suffix - those rising against me", "*terômemēnî*": "Polel imperfect 2ms with 1cs suffix - you lift me up", "*ʾîš*": "masculine noun construct - man of", "*ḥămāsîm*": "masculine plural noun - violence", "*taṣṣîlēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect 2ms with 1cs suffix - you deliver me" }, "variants": { "*môṣîʾî*": "who brings me out, who leads me out, my deliverer", "*qāmay*": "those who rise against me, my adversaries, my attackers", "*terômemēnî*": "lift me high, exalt me, raise me", "*ʾîš* *ḥămāsîm*": "violent man, man of violence", "*taṣṣîlēnî*": "deliver me, rescue me, save me" } }