13 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.13",
"source": "וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה",
"text": "And-these *təšaqqəṣū* from-the-*ʿôf* not *yēʾāḵəlū* *šeqeṣ* they the-*nešer* and-the-*peres* and the-*ʿāzniyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ʾēlleh*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and these",
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor",
"*min-hā-ʿôf*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the birds/flying creatures",
"*lōʾ yēʾāḵəlū*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall not be eaten",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*ʾet-ha-nešer*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-peres*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the ossifrage/bearded vulture",
"*wə-ʾēt hā-ʿāzniyyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the osprey/black vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*təšaqqəṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable",
"*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things",
"*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/great bird of prey",
"*peres*": "ossifrage/bearded vulture/bone-breaker",
"*ʿāzniyyâ*": "osprey/black vulture/sea eagle"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.14",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ",
"text": "And-the-*dāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* to-*mînāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dāʾâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the kite/vulture",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾayyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the falcon/hawk",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*dāʾâ*": "kite/vulture/bird of prey",
"*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/hawk/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.15",
"source": "אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ",
"text": "Every *ʿōrēḇ* to-*mînô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēt kāl-ʿōrēḇ*": "direct object marker + noun, construct state + masculine singular noun - every raven/crow",
"*lə-mînô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōrēḇ*": "raven/crow/black bird",
"*mînô*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.16",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ",
"text": "And *bat* the-*yaʿănâ* and-the-*taḥmās* and-the-*šāḥaf* and-the-*nēṣ* to-*mînēhū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun construct + definite article + proper noun - and daughter of the ostrich/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-taḥmās*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the night hawk/owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šāḥaf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cuckoo/seagull",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-nēṣ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hawk/falcon",
"*lə-mînēhū*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind"
},
"variants": {
"*bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl/female ostrich",
"*taḥmās*": "night hawk/owl/male ostrich",
"*šāḥaf*": "cuckoo/seagull/sea bird",
"*nēṣ*": "hawk/falcon/bird of prey",
"*mînēhū*": "its kind/its species/its sort"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.17",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף",
"text": "And-the-*kôs* and-the-*šālāḵ* and-the-*yanšûf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-kôs*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the little owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šālāḵ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cormorant/fish owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-yanšûf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the great owl/ibis"
},
"variants": {
"*kôs*": "little owl/screech owl",
"*šālāḵ*": "cormorant/fish owl/water bird",
"*yanšûf*": "great owl/ibis/eared owl"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.18",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם",
"text": "And-the-*tinšemet* and-the-*qāʾāt* and-the-*rāḥām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-tinšemet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the swan/white owl",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-qāʾāt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the pelican",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-rāḥām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the gier eagle/vulture"
},
"variants": {
"*tinšemet*": "swan/white owl/water hen",
"*qāʾāt*": "pelican/desert owl",
"*rāḥām*": "gier eagle/vulture/carrion vulture"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.19",
"source": "וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף",
"text": "And the-*ḥăsîdâ* the-*ʾănāfâ* to-*mînāh* and-the-*dûḵîfat* and-the-*ʿăṭallēf*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt ha-ḥăsîdâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the stork",
"*hā-ʾănāfâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the heron",
"*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind",
"*wə-ʾet-ha-dûḵîfat*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the lapwing/hoopoe",
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʿăṭallēf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the bat"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăsîdâ*": "stork/heron",
"*ʾănāfâ*": "heron/egret/bird of prey",
"*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort",
"*dûḵîfat*": "lapwing/hoopoe",
"*ʿăṭallēf*": "bat"
}
}