23{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.23",
"source": "וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֑ה אֵ֣ת ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יַרְמ֔וּת אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ עֶגְלֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû* thus and *wə-yōṣîʾû* to him *ʾet-ḥămēšet* the *məlākîm* these from the *məʿārâ* *ʾēt* *melek* *Yərûšālaim* *ʾet-melek* *Ḥebrôn* *ʾet-melek* *Yarmût* *ʾet-melek* *Lākîš* *ʾet-melek* *ʿEglôn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "direct object marker + numeral, feminine construct - five of",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʿEglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "did/performed",
"*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "brought out/led out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "five of",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "Jerusalem",
"*Ḥebrôn*": "Hebron",
"*Yarmût*": "Jarmuth",
"*Lākîš*": "Lachish",
"*ʿEglôn*": "Eglon"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.24",
"source": "וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yəhî* when *kə-hôṣîʾām* *ʾet-hamməlākîm* these to *Yəhôšuaʿ* and *wə-yiqrāʾ* *Yəhôšuaʿ* to all *ʾîš* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wə-yōʾmer* to *qəṣînê* *ʾanšê* the *milḥāmâ* the ones *hehālkûʾ* with him *qirbû* *śîmû* *ʾet-raglêkem* on *ṣawwərê* the *məlākîm* these and *wə-yiqrəbû* and *wə-yāśîmû* *ʾet-raglêhem* on *ṣawwərêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of היה - and it happened",
"*kə-hôṣîʾām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - when they brought out",
"*ʾet-hamməlākîm*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*qəṣînê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs of",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the war/battle",
"*hehālkûʾ*": "definite article + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - the ones who went",
"*qirbû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - come near",
"*śîmû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - put",
"*ʾet-raglêkem*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your feet",
"*ṣawwərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - necks of",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*wə-yiqrəbû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came near",
"*wə-yāśîmû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they put",
"*ʾet-raglêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their feet",
"*ṣawwərêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their necks"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass",
"*kə-hôṣîʾām*": "when they brought out/as they were bringing out",
"*ʾet-hamməlākîm*": "the kings/the rulers",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned",
"*ʾîš*": "man/men/person",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke",
"*qəṣînê*": "chiefs/commanders/captains",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/soldiers of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/combat",
"*hehālkûʾ*": "who went/who marched/who walked",
"*qirbû*": "come near/approach",
"*śîmû*": "put/place/set",
"*ʾet-raglêkem*": "your feet",
"*ṣawwərê*": "necks of/throats of",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*wə-yiqrəbû*": "came near/approached",
"*wə-yāśîmû*": "put/placed/set",
"*ʾet-raglêhem*": "their feet",
"*ṣawwərêhem*": "their necks/their throats"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ חִזְק֣וּ וְאִמְצ֔וּ כִּ֣י כָ֗כָה יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־אֹ֣יְבֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם נִלְחָמִ֥ים אוֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* to them *Yəhôšuaʿ* not *tîrəʾû* and not *tēḥāttû* *ḥizqû* and *ʾimṣû* because *kākâ* *yaʿăśeh* *YHWH* to all *ʾōyəbêkem* whom *ʾattem* *nilḥāmîm* them",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*tîrəʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle - do not fear",
"*tēḥāttû*": "Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle - do not be dismayed",
"*ḥizqû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - be strong",
"*ʾimṣû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - be courageous",
"*kākâ*": "adverb - thus/in this way",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will do",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʾōyəbêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your enemies",
"*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*nilḥāmîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - fighting"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*tîrəʾû*": "fear/be afraid",
"*tēḥāttû*": "be dismayed/be terrified/be discouraged",
"*ḥizqû*": "be strong/strengthen yourselves",
"*ʾimṣû*": "be courageous/be brave",
"*kākâ*": "thus/like this/in this manner",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/will act/will perform",
"*ʾōyəbêkem*": "your enemies/your adversaries",
"*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/battling/warring against"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.26",
"source": "וַיַּכֵּ֨ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵן֙ וַיְמִיתֵ֔ם וַיִּתְלֵ֕ם עַ֖ל חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה עֵצִ֑ים וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ תְּלוּיִ֥ם עַל־הָעֵצִ֖ים עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And *wə-yakkēm* *Yəhôšuaʿ* after this and *wə-yəmîtēm* and *wə-yitlēm* on five *ʿēṣîm* and *wə-yihyû* *təlûyîm* on the *ʿēṣîm* until the *ʿāreb*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yakkēm*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he struck them",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*wə-yəmîtēm*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he killed them",
"*wə-yitlēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he hanged them",
"*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - trees",
"*wə-yihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were",
"*təlûyîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - hanging",
"*ʿēṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the trees",
"*ʿāreb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the evening"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yakkēm*": "struck them/hit them/attacked them",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*wə-yəmîtēm*": "killed them/put them to death",
"*wə-yitlēm*": "hanged them/suspended them",
"*ʿēṣîm*": "trees/poles/wood",
"*wə-yihyû*": "they were/they remained",
"*təlûyîm*": "hanging/suspended",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening/sunset"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.27",
"source": "וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ פ",
"text": "And *wayəhî* at *ʿēt* *bôʾ* the *haššemeš* *ṣiwwâ* *yəhôšuʿa* and *wayyōrîdûm* from upon the *hāʿēṣîm* and *wayyašlikum* to-the *hamməʿārâ* which *neḥbəʾû*-there and *wayyāśîmû* *ʾăbānîm* *gədōlôt* upon-*pî* the *hamməʿārâ* until-*ʿeṣem* the *hayyôm* the *hazzê*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it was/happened",
"*ʿēt*": "noun feminine singular construct - time/season of",
"*bôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming/going in of",
"*haššemeš*": "definite article + noun common feminine singular - the sun",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - commanded",
"*yəhôšuʿa*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*wayyōrîdûm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they brought them down",
"*hāʿēṣîm*": "definite article + noun common masculine plural - the trees",
"*wayyašlikum*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they threw them",
"*hamməʿārâ*": "definite article + noun common feminine singular - the cave",
"*neḥbəʾû*": "niphal perfect 3cp - they had hidden themselves",
"*wayyāśîmû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they placed",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "noun common feminine plural - stones",
"*gədōlôt*": "adjective feminine plural - large/great",
"*pî*": "noun masculine singular construct - mouth/opening of",
"*ʿeṣem*": "noun common feminine singular construct - very/same (lit: bone/substance of)",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun common masculine singular - the day",
"*hazzê*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - this"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*ʿēt*": "time/appointed time",
"*bôʾ*": "coming/entering/going down",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered/instructed",
"*wayyōrîdûm*": "and they brought them down/lowered them",
"*hāʿēṣîm*": "the trees/wooden posts/gallows",
"*wayyašlikum*": "and they threw/cast them",
"*hamməʿārâ*": "the cave/den",
"*neḥbəʾû*": "they had hidden themselves/concealed themselves",
"*wayyāśîmû*": "and they put/placed/set",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks",
"*gədōlôt*": "great/large/heavy",
"*pî*": "mouth/opening/entrance of",
"*ʿeṣem*": "very same/bone/substance of",
"*hayyôm*": "the day",
"*hazzê*": "this/the present"
}
}
28{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.28",
"source": "וְאֶת־מַקֵּדָה֩ לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶרֶב֮ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מַקֵּדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-*maqqēdâ* *lākad* *yəhôšuʿa* in-the-*yôm* the-*hahûʾ* and *wayyakkehā* to-*pî*-*ḥereb* and *ʾet*-*malkāh* *heḥĕrîm* *ʾôtām* and *ʾet*-all-the-*neppeš* which-in-her not *hišʾîr* *śārîd* and *wayyaʿaś* to-*melek* *maqqēdâ* as-which *ʿāśâ* to-*melek* *yərîḥô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah",
"*lākad*": "qal perfect 3ms - captured/seized",
"*yəhôšuʿa*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*yôm*": "noun common masculine singular - day",
"*hahûʾ*": "definite article + pronoun 3ms - that/the same",
"*wayyakkehā*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he struck it",
"*pî*": "noun masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of",
"*ḥereb*": "noun common feminine singular - sword",
"*malkāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her king",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he utterly destroyed/devoted to destruction",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3mp suffix - them",
"*neppeš*": "noun common feminine singular - soul/life/person",
"*hišʾîr*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - left remaining",
"*śārîd*": "noun masculine singular - survivor/remnant",
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he did/made",
"*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/made",
"*yərîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho"
},
"variants": {
"*lākad*": "captured/seized/took",
"*wayyakkehā*": "and he struck/smote it",
"*pî*": "mouth/edge/opening of",
"*ḥereb*": "sword/knife",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/put under the ban",
"*neppeš*": "soul/life/person/being",
"*hišʾîr*": "left/left remaining/spared",
"*śārîd*": "survivor/remnant/fugitive",
"*wayyaʿaś*": "and he did/made/acted"
}
}