Josh 10:3-9 : 3 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.3",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח אֲדֹנִי־צֶ֜דֶק מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶל־הוֹהָ֣ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶ֠בְרוֹן וְאֶל־פִּרְאָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמ֜וּת וְאֶל־יָפִ֧יעַ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֛ישׁ וְאֶל־דְּבִ֥יר מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֖וֹן לֵאמֹֽר",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq* king of *yərûšālaim* to-*hôhām* king-of-*ḥebrôn* and to-*pirəʾām* king-of-*yarmût* and to-*yāp̄îaʿ* king-of-*lāḵîš* and to-*dəḇîr* king-of-*ʿeglôn* *lēmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent",
"*ʾăḏōnî-ṣeḏeq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Adoni-Zedek",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*hôhām*": "proper noun - Hoham",
"*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron",
"*pirəʾām*": "proper noun - Piram",
"*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth",
"*yāp̄îaʿ*": "proper noun - Japhia",
"*lāḵîš*": "proper noun - Lachish",
"*dəḇîr*": "proper noun - Debir",
"*ʿeglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon",
"*lēmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched/commissioned",
"*lēmōr*": "saying/to say/declaring"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.4",
"source": "עֲלֽוּ־אֵלַ֣י וְעִזְרֻ֔נִי וְנַכֶּ֖ה אֶת־גִּבְע֑וֹן כִּֽי־הִשְׁלִ֥ימָה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל",
"text": "*ʿălû*-to-me and *ʿizrūnî* and *nakkeh* *ʾet*-*gibəʿôn* because-*hišlîmāh* *ʾet*-*yəhôšuaʿ* and *ʾet*-sons of *yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿălû*": "imperative, masculine plural - come up/go up",
"*ʿizrūnî*": "imperative, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - help me",
"*nakkeh*": "imperfect, 1st person plural, cohortative - let us strike",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*hišlîmāh*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular, hiphil stem - it made peace",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿălû*": "come up/ascend/go up",
"*ʿizrūnî*": "help me/assist me/support me",
"*nakkeh*": "let us strike/smite/attack",
"*hišlîmāh*": "it made peace/allied itself/came to terms"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.5",
"source": "וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ",
"text": "And *wayyēʾāsəp̄û* and *wayyaʿălû* five of kings of *hāʾĕmōrî*, king of *yərûšālaim*, king-of-*ḥebrôn*, king-of-*yarmût*, king-of-*lāḵîš*, king-of-*ʿeglôn*, they and all-camps-their, and *wayyaḥănû* against-*gibəʿôn* and *wayyillāḥămû* against-her",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēʾāsəp̄û*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal stem - and they gathered",
"*wayyaʿălû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they went up",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron",
"*yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth",
"*lāḵîš*": "proper noun - Lachish",
"*ʿeglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon",
"*wayyaḥănû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they encamped",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*wayyillāḥămû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal stem - and they fought",
"*ʿāleyha*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - against her"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēʾāsəp̄û*": "and they gathered/assembled/came together",
"*wayyaʿălû*": "and they went up/ascended/came up",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "the Amorites/Amorite people",
"*wayyaḥănû*": "and they encamped/camped/set up camp",
"*wayyillāḥămû*": "and they fought/waged war/battled"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.6",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר",
"text": "And *wayyišləḥû* men of *gibəʿôn* to-*yəhôšuaʿ* to-*hammaḥăneh* *haggiləgālāh* *lēmōr*, do not-*terep̄* hands-your from-servants-your; *ʿălēh* to-us *məhērāh* and *hôšîʿāh* to-us and *ʿāzərēnû*, because *niqbəṣû* to-us all-kings of *hāʾĕmōrî* dwellers of *hāhār*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišləḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they sent",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*hammaḥăneh*": "noun with definite article - the camp",
"*haggiləgālāh*": "proper noun with definite article and directional he - to Gilgal",
"*lēmōr*": "preposition with infinitive construct - saying",
"*terep̄*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - let drop/relax",
"*ʿălēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - come up",
"*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly",
"*hôšîʿāh*": "imperative, masculine singular, hiphil stem - save",
"*ʿāzərēnû*": "imperative, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - help us",
"*niqbəṣû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural, niphal stem - they have gathered",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites",
"*hāhār*": "noun with definite article - the hill/mountain"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišləḥû*": "and they sent/dispatched/commissioned",
"*terep̄*": "let drop/relax/withdraw",
"*ʿălēh*": "come up/ascend/go up",
"*məhērāh*": "quickly/speedily/hastily",
"*hôšîʿāh*": "save/rescue/deliver",
"*ʿāzərēnû*": "help us/assist us/support us",
"*niqbəṣû*": "they have gathered/assembled/come together",
"*hāhār*": "the hill country/mountain/highlands"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.7",
"source": "וַיַּ֨עַל יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל ה֚וּא וְכָל־עַ֤ם הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל גִּבּוֹרֵ֥י הֶחָֽיִל",
"text": "And *wayyaʿal* *yəhôšuaʿ* from-*haggiləgāl*, he and all-people of *hammilḥāmāh* with-him, and all *gibbôrê* *heḥāyil*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went up",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*haggiləgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal",
"*hammilḥāmāh*": "noun with definite article - the war/battle",
"*gibbôrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - mighty men of",
"*heḥāyil*": "noun with definite article - the valor/strength"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended/came up",
"*hammilḥāmāh*": "the war/battle/fighting",
"*gibbôrê*": "mighty men of/warriors of/valiant men of",
"*heḥāyil*": "the valor/strength/force/army"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* *YHWH* to-*yəhôšuaʿ*, do not-*tîrā* from-them for in-hand-your *nətattîm*; not-*yaʿămōd* man from-them in-face-your",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*tîrā*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular, qal stem - fear",
"*nətattîm*": "perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I have given them",
"*yaʿămōd*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will stand"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōmer*": "and he said/spoke/uttered",
"*tîrā*": "fear/be afraid of/dread",
"*nətattîm*": "I have given them/delivered them/handed them over",
"*yaʿămōd*": "he will stand/withstand/endure"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.9",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל",
"text": "And *wayyāḇō* to-them *yəhôšuaʿ* *pitəʾōm*; all-*hallaylāh* *ʿālāh* from-*haggiləgāl*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḇō*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he came",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*pitəʾōm*": "adverb - suddenly",
"*hallaylāh*": "noun with definite article - the night",
"*ʿālāh*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he went up",
"*haggiləgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāḇō*": "and he came/arrived/approached",
"*pitəʾōm*": "suddenly/unexpectedly/by surprise",
"*ʿālāh*": "he went up/ascended/marched"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.10",
"source": "וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה",
"text": "And *wayəhummēm* *YHWH* before *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyakkēm* *makkāh*-*gəḏôlāh* in *gibəʿôn*; and *wayyirədəp̄ēm* way of ascent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *wayyakkēm* until-*ʿăzēqāh* and until-*maqqēḏāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhummēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he confused them",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyakkēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he struck them",
"*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striking of",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he pursued them",
"*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon",
"*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah",
"*maqqēḏāh*": "proper noun - Makkedah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhummēm*": "and he confused them/threw them into panic/discomfited them",
"*wayyakkēm*": "and he struck them/smote them/attacked them",
"*makkāh*": "striking/blow/defeat",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "great/large/severe",
"*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "and he pursued them/chased them/followed after them"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.11",
"source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב",
"text": "And *wayəhî* in *nusām* from before *yiśrāʾēl*, they in descent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *YHWH* *hišlîḵ* upon-them stones *gəḏōlôt* from-*haššāmayim* until-*ʿăzēqāh*, and *wayyāmutû*; many who-*mētû* by stones of *habbārāḏ* than which *hārəgû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* with *heḥāreḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened",
"*nusām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fleeing",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*hišlîḵ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - he threw down",
"*gəḏōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large",
"*haššāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah",
"*wayyāmutû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they died",
"*mētû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they died",
"*habbārāḏ*": "noun with definite article - the hail",
"*hārəgû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they killed",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*heḥāreḇ*": "noun with definite article - the sword"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*nusām*": "their fleeing/escaping/running away",
"*hišlîḵ*": "he threw down/cast down/hurled",
"*gəḏōlôt*": "large/great/huge",
"*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky",
"*wayyāmutû*": "and they died/perished",
"*mētû*": "they died/perished",
"*habbārāḏ*": "the hail/hailstones",
"*hārəgû*": "they killed/slew/slaughtered",
"*heḥāreḇ*": "the sword/weapon"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.12",
"source": "אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעָ֙[c] לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן",
"text": "Then *yəḏabbēr* *yəhôšuaʿ* to-*YHWH* in day *tēt* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*hāʾĕmōrî* before sons of *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyōmer* to eyes of *yiśrāʾēl*: *šemeš* in *gibəʿôn* *dôm* and *yārēaḥ* in valley of *ʾayyālôn*",
"grammar": {
"*yəḏabbēr*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, piel stem - he spoke",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*tēt*": "infinitive construct - giving",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*šemeš*": "noun, common singular - sun",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*dôm*": "imperative, masculine singular - be still",
"*yārēaḥ*": "noun, common singular - moon",
"*ʾayyālôn*": "proper noun - Aijalon"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḏabbēr*": "he spoke/said/declared",
"*tēt*": "giving/delivering/handing over",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "the Amorites/Amorite people",
"*wayyōmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight",
"*dôm*": "be still/stop/stand silent",
"*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.13",
"source": "וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-yīddōm* the *šemeš* and *yārēaḥ* *ʿāmād* until *yīqqōm* *gôy* *ʾōyəbāyw* *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ* *kətûbâ* on *sēper* the *yāšār* and *wə-yaʿămōd* the *šemeš* in *ḥăṣî* the *šāmayīm* and not *ʾāṣ* to *lābôʾ* like *yôm* *tāmîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yīddōm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped",
"*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun",
"*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon",
"*ʿāmād*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed",
"*yīqqōm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*ʾōyəbāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies",
"*hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?",
"*kətûbâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written",
"*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of",
"*yāšār*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just",
"*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained",
"*ḥăṣî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of",
"*šāmayīm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky",
"*ʾāṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened",
"*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yīddōm*": "became silent/stood still/ceased",
"*šemeš*": "sun",
"*yārēaḥ*": "moon",
"*ʿāmād*": "stood/stayed/halted",
"*yīqqōm*": "took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated",
"*gôy*": "nation/people",
"*ʾōyəbāyw*": "his enemies/adversaries",
"*kətûbâ*": "written/recorded",
"*sēper*": "book/scroll/document",
"*yāšār*": "the Upright/Jashar/the Just",
"*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/midst",
"*šāmayīm*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʾāṣ*": "hastened/hurried/rushed",
"*lābôʾ*": "to go/to come/to enter",
"*tāmîm*": "complete/whole/perfect/full"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.14",
"source": "וְלֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְפָנָ֣יו וְאַחֲרָ֔יו לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And not *hāyâ* like the *yôm* that *lə-pānāyw* and *ʾaḥărāyw* *lišmōaʿ* *YHWH* to *qôl* *ʾîš* because *YHWH* *nilḥām* for *Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - before it/him",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it/him",
"*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear/obey",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*nilḥām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fought",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyâ*": "was/happened/existed",
"*yôm*": "day/time",
"*lə-pānāyw*": "before it/before him/previously",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "after it/after him/afterward",
"*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/to listen/to obey",
"*qôl*": "voice/sound",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual",
"*nilḥām*": "fought/battled",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.15",
"source": "וַיָּ֤שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל עִמּ֔וֹ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה הַגִּלְגָּֽלָה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yāšāb* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and all *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿimmô* to the *maḥăneh* the *Gilgālâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāšāb*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and returned",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp",
"*Gilgālâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Gilgal"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yāšāb*": "returned/went back",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel",
"*ʿimmô*": "with him/alongside him",
"*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment",
"*Gilgālâ*": "Gilgal (place name)"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.16",
"source": "וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yānusu* five the *məlākîm* these and *wə-yēḥābəʾû* in the *məʿārâ* in *Maqqēdâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yānusu*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fled",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*wə-yēḥābəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they hid themselves",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah (place name)"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yānusu*": "fled/escaped/ran away",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*wə-yēḥābəʾû*": "hid themselves/concealed themselves",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.17",
"source": "וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yuggad* to *Yəhôšuaʿ* *lēʾmōr* *nimṣəʾû* five the *məlākîm* *neḥbəʾîm* in the *məʿārâ* in *Maqqēdâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yuggad*": "waw consecutive + Hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was told",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*nimṣəʾû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were found",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*neḥbəʾîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - hiding themselves",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah (place name)"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yuggad*": "it was told/it was reported/it was announced",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying",
"*nimṣəʾû*": "they were found/they have been discovered",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*neḥbəʾîm*": "hiding/concealing themselves",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ גֹּ֛לּוּ אֲבָנִ֥ים גְּדֹל֖וֹת אֶל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהַפְקִ֧ידוּ עָלֶ֛יהָ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לְשָׁמְרָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhôšuaʿ* *gōllû* *ʾăbānîm* *gədōlôt* to *pî* the *məʿārâ* and *wə-hapqîdû* over it *ʾănāšîm* *lə-šāmrām*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*gōllû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - roll",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones",
"*gədōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large/great",
"*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*wə-hapqîdû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and appoint",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*lə-šāmrām*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to guard them"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*gōllû*": "roll/move",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks",
"*gədōlôt*": "large/great/big",
"*pî*": "mouth/opening/entrance",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*wə-hapqîdû*": "appoint/assign/station",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people",
"*lə-šāmrām*": "to guard them/to watch them/to keep them"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.19",
"source": "וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *ʾattem* not *taʿămōdû* *ridpû* after *ʾōyəbêkem* and *wə-zinnabtem* them not *tittənûm* *lābôʾ* to *ʿārêhem* because *nətānām* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* in *yedkem*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you",
"*taʿămōdû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle - do not stand",
"*ridpû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - pursue",
"*ʾōyəbêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your enemies",
"*wə-zinnabtem*": "waw consecutive + Piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and attack their rear",
"*tittənûm*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative particle + 3rd masculine plural suffix - do not allow them",
"*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to enter/come",
"*ʿārêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities",
"*nətānām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God",
"*yedkem*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your hand"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾattem*": "you (plural)",
"*taʿămōdû*": "stand/stay/stop",
"*ridpû*": "pursue/chase/follow",
"*ʾōyəbêkem*": "your enemies/your adversaries",
"*wə-zinnabtem*": "attack their rear/cut off their rear/strike their tail",
"*tittənûm*": "allow them/permit them/let them",
"*lābôʾ*": "to enter/to come/to go",
"*ʿārêhem*": "their cities/their towns",
"*nətānām*": "has given them/has delivered them",
"*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God",
"*yedkem*": "your hand/your power/your control"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.20",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃",
"text": "And *wə-yəhî* when *kə-kallôt* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lə-hakôtām* *makkâ* *gədôlâ-məʾōd* until *tummām* and the *śərîdîm* *śārədû* from them and *wə-yābōʾû* to *ʿārê* the *mibṣār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of היה - and it happened",
"*kə-kallôt*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - when finished",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lə-hakôtām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to strike them",
"*makkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - blow/strike",
"*gədôlâ-məʾōd*": "adjective, feminine singular + adverb - very great",
"*tummām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their completion/being finished",
"*śərîdîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the survivors",
"*śārədû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - survived",
"*wə-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they entered",
"*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of",
"*mibṣār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the fortress/fortification"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass",
"*kə-kallôt*": "when finished/when completed",
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel",
"*lə-hakôtām*": "to strike them/to defeat them",
"*makkâ*": "defeat/blow/slaughter",
"*gədôlâ-məʾōd*": "very great/very large",
"*tummām*": "their completion/until they were finished",
"*śərîdîm*": "survivors/remnant/those who remained",
"*śārədû*": "survived/escaped/remained",
"*wə-yābōʾû*": "entered/went/came",
"*ʿārê*": "cities of/towns of",
"*mibṣār*": "fortification/fortress/fortified place"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.21",
"source": "וַיָּשֻׁבוּ֩ כָל־הָעָ֨ם אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶ֧ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ מַקֵּדָ֖ה בְּשָׁל֑וֹם לֹֽא־חָרַ֞ץ לִבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְאִ֖ישׁ אֶת־לְשֹׁנֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yāšubû* all the *ʿām* to the *maḥăneh* to *Yəhôšuaʿ* *Maqqēdâ* in *šālôm* not *ḥāraṣ* to *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* to *ʾîš* *ʾet-ləšōnô*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāšubû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "proper noun - Makkedah",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace",
"*ḥāraṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with negative particle - did not sharpen/point",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʾet-ləšōnô*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his tongue"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yāšubû*": "returned/came back",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation",
"*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*Maqqēdâ*": "Makkedah (place name)",
"*šālôm*": "peace/safety/welfare",
"*ḥāraṣ*": "sharpen/point/move (idiomatically: harm/oppose/criticize)",
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel",
"*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/person",
"*ʾet-ləšōnô*": "his tongue (idiomatically: spoke against/criticized)"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.22",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yōʾmer* *Yəhôšuaʿ* *pitḥû* *ʾet-pî* the *məʿārâ* and *wə-hôṣîʾû* to me *ʾet-ḥămēšet* the *məlākîm* these from the *məʿārâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*pitḥû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - open",
"*ʾet-pî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the mouth of",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*wə-hôṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and bring out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "direct object marker + numeral, feminine construct - five of",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "said/spoke",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "Joshua",
"*pitḥû*": "open/uncover",
"*ʾet-pî*": "the mouth of/the opening of/the entrance of",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*wə-hôṣîʾû*": "bring out/lead out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "five of",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.23",
"source": "וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ אֵלָ֗יו אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֑ה אֵ֣ת ׀ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ חֶבְרוֹן֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יַרְמ֔וּת אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ לָכִ֖ישׁ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ עֶגְלֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wə-yaʿăśû* thus and *wə-yōṣîʾû* to him *ʾet-ḥămēšet* the *məlākîm* these from the *məʿārâ* *ʾēt* *melek* *Yərûšālaim* *ʾet-melek* *Ḥebrôn* *ʾet-melek* *Yarmût* *ʾet-melek* *Lākîš* *ʾet-melek* *ʿEglôn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they did",
"*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "direct object marker + numeral, feminine construct - five of",
"*məlākîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings",
"*məʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Yarmût*": "proper noun - Jarmuth",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Lākîš*": "proper noun - Lachish",
"*ʾet-melek*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʿEglôn*": "proper noun - Eglon"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yaʿăśû*": "did/performed",
"*wə-yōṣîʾû*": "brought out/led out",
"*ʾet-ḥămēšet*": "five of",
"*məlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*məʿārâ*": "cave/cavern",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*Yərûšālaim*": "Jerusalem",
"*Ḥebrôn*": "Hebron",
"*Yarmût*": "Jarmuth",
"*Lākîš*": "Lachish",
"*ʿEglôn*": "Eglon"
}
}