2{
"verseID": "Joshua.11.2",
"source": "וְֽאֶל־הַמְּלָכִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִצְּפ֗וֹן בָּהָ֧ר וּבָעֲרָבָ֛ה נֶ֥גֶב כִּֽנֲר֖וֹת וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה וּבְנָפ֥וֹת דּ֖וֹר מִיָּֽם׃",
"text": "And to-*hamməlāḵîm* who from-*ṣəp̄ôn* in-*hāhār* and-in-*hāʿărāḇâ* *neḡeḇ* *kinnərôṯ* and-in-*haššəp̄ēlâ* and-in-*nāp̄ôṯ* *dôr* from-*yām*",
"grammar": {
"*hamməlāḵîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the kings",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which",
"*miṣṣəp̄ôn*": "preposition מן + noun - from north",
"*bāhār*": "preposition ב + definite article + noun - in the mountain/hill country",
"*ûḇāʿărāḇâ*": "conjunction ו + preposition ב + definite article + noun - and in the Arabah/plain",
"*neḡeḇ*": "noun, directional - south of",
"*kinnərôṯ*": "proper name - Kinneroth/Chinneroth",
"*ûḇaššəp̄ēlâ*": "conjunction ו + preposition ב + definite article + noun - and in the lowland",
"*ûḇənāp̄ôṯ*": "conjunction ו + preposition ב + noun, construct - and in the heights/regions of",
"*dôr*": "proper name - Dor",
"*miyyām*": "preposition מן + noun - from sea/west"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəp̄ôn*": "north/northern region",
"*hār*": "mountain/hill country/highlands",
"*ʿărāḇâ*": "Arabah/desert plain/wilderness",
"*neḡeḇ*": "south/south of",
"*šəp̄ēlâ*": "lowland/foothills",
"*nāp̄ôṯ*": "heights/regions/slopes",
"*yām*": "sea/west"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Joshua.11.3",
"source": "הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מִמִּזְרָ֣ח וּמִיָּ֔ם וְהָאֱמֹרִ֧י וְהַחִתִּ֛י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֥י וְהַיְבוּסִ֖י בָּהָ֑ר וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ תַּ֣חַת חֶרְמ֔וֹן בְּאֶ֖רֶץ הַמִּצְפָּֽה׃",
"text": "The-*kənaʿănî* from-*mizrāḥ* and-from-*yām* and-the-*ʾĕmōrî* and-the-*ḥittî* and-the-*pərizzî* and-the-*yəḇûsî* in-*hāhār* and-the-*ḥiwwî* *taḥaṯ* *ḥermôn* in-*ʾereṣ* the-*miṣpâ*",
"grammar": {
"*hakənaʿănî*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Canaanite",
"*mimmizrāḥ*": "preposition מן + noun - from east",
"*ûmiyyām*": "conjunction ו + preposition מן + noun - and from west/sea",
"*wəhāʾĕmōrî*": "conjunction ו + definite article + gentilic noun - and the Amorite",
"*wəhaḥittî*": "conjunction ו + definite article + gentilic noun - and the Hittite",
"*wəhapərizzî*": "conjunction ו + definite article + gentilic noun - and the Perizzite",
"*wəhayəḇûsî*": "conjunction ו + definite article + gentilic noun - and the Jebusite",
"*bāhār*": "preposition ב + definite article + noun - in the mountain/hill country",
"*wəhaḥiwwî*": "conjunction ו + definite article + gentilic noun - and the Hivite",
"*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - under/below",
"*ḥermôn*": "proper name - Hermon",
"*bəʾereṣ*": "preposition ב + noun, construct - in land of",
"*hammiṣpâ*": "definite article + proper name - the Mizpah"
},
"variants": {
"*kənaʿănî*": "Canaanite/inhabitant of Canaan",
"*mizrāḥ*": "east/sunrise",
"*yām*": "sea/west",
"*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite/inhabitant of Amor",
"*ḥittî*": "Hittite/descendant of Heth",
"*pərizzî*": "Perizzite/inhabitant of rural areas",
"*yəḇûsî*": "Jebusite/inhabitant of Jebus",
"*hār*": "mountain/hill country/highlands",
"*ḥiwwî*": "Hivite/member of pre-Israelite people group",
"*taḥaṯ*": "under/below/beneath",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country",
"*miṣpâ*": "Mizpah/watchtower"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Joshua.11.4",
"source": "וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And-*wayyēṣəʾû* they and-all-*maḥănêhem* with-them *ʿam*-*rāḇ* like-*ḥôl* which on-*śəp̄aṯ*-the-*yām* to-*rōḇ* and-*sûs* and-*reḵeḇ* *raḇ*-*məʾōḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they went out",
"*hēm*": "independent personal pronoun 3mp - they",
"*wəḵol*": "conjunction ו + noun, construct - and all of",
"*maḥănêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3mp suffix - their camps/armies",
"*ʿimmām*": "preposition עם + 3mp suffix - with them",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*rāḇ*": "adjective - many/numerous",
"*kaḥôl*": "preposition כ + noun - like sand",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon",
"*śəp̄aṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - edge/shore of",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + noun - the sea",
"*lārōḇ*": "preposition ל + article-like prefix + noun - in abundance",
"*wəsûs*": "conjunction ו + noun - and horse",
"*wāreḵeḇ*": "conjunction ו + noun - and chariot",
"*raḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - many of",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "and they went out/and they came out",
"*maḥănêhem*": "their camps/their armies/their hosts",
"*ʿam*": "people/nation",
"*rāḇ*": "many/numerous/great",
"*ḥôl*": "sand/grains of sand",
"*śəp̄aṯ*": "edge/shore/lip/bank",
"*yām*": "sea/ocean",
"*lārōḇ*": "in abundance/in multitude",
"*sûs*": "horse/warhorse",
"*reḵeḇ*": "chariot/chariotry",
"*məʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Joshua.11.5",
"source": "וַיִּוָּ֣עֲד֔וּ כֹּ֖ל הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיַּחֲנ֤וּ יַחְדָּו֙ אֶל־מֵ֣י מֵר֔וֹם לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ",
"text": "And-*wayyiwwāʿăḏû* all the-*məlāḵîm* *hāʾēlleh* and-*wayyāḇōʾû* and-*wayyaḥănû* *yaḥdāw* at-*mê* *mērôm* to-*ləhillāḥēm* with-*yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiwwāʿăḏû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3mp - and they assembled/met together",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*hamməlāḵîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the kings",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - these",
"*wayyāḇōʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they came",
"*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they camped/encamped",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/at",
"*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of",
"*mērôm*": "proper name - Merom",
"*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition ל + niphal infinitive construct - to fight",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiwwāʿăḏû*": "and they assembled/and they met together/and they appointed a meeting",
"*məlāḵîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "these/those",
"*wayyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they entered",
"*wayyaḥănû*": "and they camped/and they encamped/and they pitched [tents]",
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/united/as one",
"*mê*": "waters/body of water",
"*ləhillāḥēm*": "to fight/to engage in battle",
"*ʿim*": "with/against"
}
}