Psalms 83:9

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Psalms.83.9", "source": "גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*gam-ʾaššûr* *nilwâ* *ʿimmām* *hāyû* *zerôaʿ* *liḇnê-lôṭ* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*gam-ʾaššûr*": "adverb + proper noun - also Assyria", "*nilwâ*": "3ms Niphal perfect - has joined", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*hāyû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have become", "*zerôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm/strength/support", "*liḇnê-lôṭ*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + proper noun - for sons of Lot", "*selâ*": "musical or liturgical term - selah" }, "variants": { "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria (empire to the northeast)", "*lāwâ*": "join/attach/accompany", "*zerôaʿ*": "arm/strength/support/help", "*benê-lôṭ*": "sons of Lot (referring to Moab and Ammon)", "*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/emphasis" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃

Transliteration

gam-ʾaššûr nilwâ ʿimmām hāyû zerôaʿ liḇnê-lôṭ selâ

Grammar Details

• *gam-ʾaššûr*: adverb + proper noun - also Assyria
• *nilwâ*: 3ms Niphal perfect - has joined
• *ʿimmām*: preposition + 3mp suffix - with them
• *hāyû*: 3cp Qal perfect - they have become
• *zerôaʿ*: feminine singular noun - arm/strength/support
• *liḇnê-lôṭ*: preposition + masculine plural construct + proper noun - for sons of Lot
• *selâ*: musical or liturgical term - selah

Word Meanings

• *ʾaššûr*: Assyria (empire to the northeast)
• *lāwâ*: join/attach/accompany
• *zerôaʿ*: arm/strength/support/help
• *benê-lôṭ*: sons of Lot (referring to Moab and Ammon)
• *selâ*: musical pause/interlude/emphasis

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Even Assyria has joined them; they have strengthened the descendants of Lot. Selah.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Do to them as to the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kishon:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Do unto them as unto the Midianites; as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the brook of Kison:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Do{H6213} thou unto them as unto Midian,{H4080} As to Sisera,{H5516} as to Jabin,{H2985} at the river{H5158} Kishon;{H7028}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Do{H6213}{H8798)} unto them as unto the Midianites{H4080}; as to Sisera{H5516}, as to Jabin{H2985}, at the brook{H5158} of Kison{H7028}:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Sela. But do thou to them as vnto the Madianites, vnto Sisera and vnto Iabin by ye broke of Cyson.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Doe thou to them as vnto the Midianites: as to Sisera and as to Iabin at the riuer of Kishon.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But do thou vnto them, as vnto Midian: as vnto Sisera, as vnto Iabin at the brooke Kishon.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Do unto them as [unto] the Midianites; as [to] Sisera, as [to] Jabin, at the brook of Kison:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Do to them as you did to Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Do to them as `to' Midian, As `to' Sisera, as `to' Jabin, at the stream Kishon.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Do thou unto them as unto Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Do thou unto them as unto Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Do to them what you did to the Midianites; what you did to Sisera and Jabin, at the stream of Kishon:

• World English Bible (2000)

  Do to them as you did to Midian, as to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Do to them as you did to Midian– as you did to Sisera and Jabin at the Kishon River!

Referenced Verses

• Judg 5:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Judges.5.21", "source": "נַ֤חַל קִישׁוֹן֙ גְּרָפָ֔ם נַ֥חַל קְדוּמִ֖ים נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֑וֹן תִּדְרְכִ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י עֹֽז׃", "text": "Stream-of *Kishon* *garaph*-them, stream of-ancient-times, stream-of *Kishon*; you-will-*darak* my-soul *oz*", "grammar": { "נַ֤חַל": "noun, masculine singular construct - stream of", "*Kishon*": "proper name - Kishon", "*garaph*-them": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - swept them away", "נַ֥חַל": "noun, masculine singular construct - stream of", "קְדוּמִ֖ים": "adjective, masculine plural - ancient times/ancient", "נַ֣חַל": "noun, masculine singular construct - stream of", "*Kishon*": "proper name - Kishon", "תִּדְרְכִ֥י": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will tread/march", "נַפְשִׁ֖י": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*oz*": "noun, masculine singular - strength/might" }, "variants": { "*garaph*": "sweep away/carry off", "*darak*": "tread/march/walk firmly", "*oz*": "strength/might/power" } }
• Isa 9:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.9.4", "source": "כִּ֤י כָל־סְאוֹן֙ סֹאֵ֣ן בְּרַ֔עַשׁ וְשִׂמְלָ֖ה מְגוֹלָלָ֣ה בְדָמִ֑ים וְהָיְתָ֥ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֖ה מַאֲכֹ֥לֶת אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "For all-*səʾôn* *sōʾēn* in *raʿaš* and *śimlāh* *məgôlālāh* in *ḏāmîm* and it *hāyətāh* for *śərēp̄āh* *maʾăḵōlet* *ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*səʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - boot of/sandal of", "*sōʾēn*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - tramping/marching", "*raʿaš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - earthquake/shaking/commotion", "*śimlāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - garment/cloak", "*məgôlālāh*": "participle, Pual, feminine, singular - stained/rolled", "*ḏāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - blood", "*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - it became/was", "*śərēp̄āh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - burning", "*maʾăḵōlet*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - food of/fuel of", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - fire" }, "variants": { "*səʾôn*": "boot/sandal/noise", "*sōʾēn*": "tramping/marching/making noise", "*raʿaš*": "earthquake/shaking/commotion/tumult", "*məgôlālāh*": "rolled/stained/polluted", "*ḏāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed", "*śərēp̄āh*": "burning/combustion", "*maʾăḵōlet*": "food/fuel/consumption" } }
• Isa 10:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.26", "source": "וְעוֹרֵר עָלָיו יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת שׁוֹט כְּמַכַּת מִדְיָן בְּצוּר עוֹרֵב וּמַטֵּהוּ עַל־הַיָּם וּנְשָׂאוֹ בְּדֶרֶךְ מִצְרָיִם", "text": "*weʿôrēr* *ʿālāyw* *Yhwh* *ṣebāʾôt* *šôṭ* *kemakkat* *midyān* *beṣûr* *ʿôrēb* *ûmaṭṭēhû* *ʿal*-*hayyām* *ûneśāʾô* *bedereḵ* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*weʿôrēr*": "waw conjunction + polel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will stir up", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ṣebāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*šôṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - whip/scourge", "*kemakkat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - like the striking of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*beṣûr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - at rock of", "*ʿôrēb*": "proper noun - Oreb", "*ûmaṭṭēhû*": "waw conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his staff", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*ûneśāʾô*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he will lift it", "*bedereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the way of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿûr*": "stir up/awaken/rouse", "*šôṭ*": "whip/scourge/lash", "*makkāh*": "blow/striking/wound/defeat", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/boulder", "*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/raise/bear", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/manner" } }
• Judg 7:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.7.1", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם יְרֻבַּ֜עַל ה֣וּא גִדְע֗וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עַל־עֵ֣ין חֲרֹ֑ד וּמַחֲנֵ֤ה מִדְיָן֙ הָיָה־ל֣וֹ מִצָּפ֔וֹן מִגִּבְעַ֥ת הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה בָּעֵֽמֶק׃", "text": "And *wayyaškēm* *Yərubbaʿal* he *Gidʿōn* and all-*hāʿām* who with-him and-*wayyaḥănû* at-*ʿên Ḥărōd* and-*maḥănēh Midyān* was-to-him from-north from-*gibʿat hammôreh* in-*ʿēmeq*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaškēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he rose early", "*Yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine singular - alternative name for Gideon", "*Gidʿōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - primary name of the protagonist", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they camped/encamped", "*ʿên Ḥărōd*": "construct phrase - spring of Harod", "*maḥănēh Midyān*": "construct phrase - camp of Midian", "*gibʿat hammôreh*": "construct phrase - hill of Moreh", "*ʿēmeq*": "noun, masculine singular - valley/plain" }, "variants": { "*wayyaškēm*": "rose early/started early in the morning", "*Yərubbaʿal*": "let Baal contend/Jerubbaal (alternative name for Gideon)", "*hāʿām*": "people/troops/army/followers", "*wayyaḥănû*": "encamped/pitched camp/settled temporarily", "*ʿēmeq*": "valley/plain/lowland" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.7.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן רַ֗ב הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתָּ֔ךְ מִתִּתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדָ֑ם פֶּן־יִתְפָּאֵ֨ר עָלַ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָדִ֖י הוֹשִׁ֥יעָה לִּֽי׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Gidʿōn* too-many *hāʿām* who with-you from-giving-me *ʾet-Midyān* in-hand-their lest-*yitpāʾēr* against-me *Yiśrāʾēl* saying hand-my *hôšîʿāh* to-me.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*yitpāʾēr*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - boast/glorify oneself", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*hôšîʿāh*": "hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - saved/delivered" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*yitpāʾēr*": "boast/glorify oneself/take pride/vaunt oneself", "*hôšîʿāh*": "saved/delivered/brought victory/rescued" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.7.3", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה קְרָ֨א נָ֜א בְּאָזְנֵ֤י הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א וְחָרֵ֔ד יָשֹׁ֥ב וְיִצְפֹּ֖ר מֵהַ֣ר הַגִּלְעָ֑ד וַיָּ֣שָׁב מִן־הָעָ֗ם עֶשְׂרִ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔לֶף וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃", "text": "And-now *qərāʾ nāʾ* in-ears-of *hāʿām* saying who-*yārēʾ* and-*ḥārēd* let-him-*yāšōb* and-*yiṣpōr* from-*har haggilʿād* and-*wayyāšāb* from-*hāʿām* twenty and-two *ʾelef* and-ten *ʾălāfîm* *nišʾārû*.", "grammar": { "*qərāʾ nāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular + particle of entreaty - proclaim please", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*yārēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - fearful/afraid", "*ḥārēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - trembling/anxious", "*yāšōb*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him return", "*yiṣpōr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - depart early/turn back quickly", "*har haggilʿād*": "construct phrase - mountain of the Gilead", "*wayyāšāb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and returned", "*ʾelef*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand", "*ʾălāfîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*nišʾārû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - remained/were left" }, "variants": { "*qərāʾ nāʾ*": "proclaim please/announce now/call out now", "*yārēʾ*": "fearful/afraid/frightened", "*ḥārēd*": "trembling/anxious/terrified", "*yāšōb*": "return/go back/turn back", "*yiṣpōr*": "depart early/turn back quickly/hasten away", "*ʾelef*": "thousand/clan/military unit", "*nišʾārû*": "remained/were left/stayed behind" } } 4 { "verseID": "Judges.7.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן עוֹד֮ הָעָ֣ם רָב֒ הוֹרֵ֤ד אוֹתָם֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑ם וְהָיָ֡ה אֲשֶׁר֩ אֹמַ֨ר אֵלֶ֜יךָ זֶ֣ה ׀ יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֗ךְ ה֚וּא יֵלֵ֣ךְ אִתָּ֔ךְ וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־אֹמַ֜ר אֵלֶ֗יךָ זֶ֚ה לֹא־יֵלֵ֣ךְ עִמָּ֔ךְ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Gidʿōn* still *hāʿām* too-many *hôrēd* them to-*hammayîm* and-*ʾeṣrəfennû* for-you there and-*wəhāyâ* whom I-*ʾōmar* to-you this shall-*yēlēk* with-you he shall-*yēlēk* with-you and-all whom-I-*ʾōmar* to-you this not-shall-*yēlēk* with-you he not shall-*yēlēk*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*hôrēd*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring down/take down", "*hammayîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*ʾeṣrəfennû*": "qal imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will refine/test him", "*wəhāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*ʾōmar*": "qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will say", "*yēlēk*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will go" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*hôrēd*": "bring down/take down/lead down", "*ʾeṣrəfennû*": "I will refine/test/purify/sift/separate", "*wəhāyâ*": "and it will be/and it shall come to pass", "*yēlēk*": "will go/shall go/will march" } } 5 { "verseID": "Judges.7.5", "source": "וַיּ֥וֹרֶד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־הַמָּ֑יִם ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יָלֹק֩ בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ מִן־הַמַּ֜יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר יָלֹ֣ק הַכֶּ֗לֶב תַּצִּ֤יג אוֹתוֹ֙ לְבָ֔ד וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֖יו לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*wayyôred* *ʾet-hāʿām* to-*hammāyim* and-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Gidʿōn* all who-*yālōq* with-tongue-his from-*hammayim* as which *yālōq* *hakkeleb* *taṣṣîg* him to-separate and-all who-*yikraʿ* on-knees-his to-*lištôt*.", "grammar": { "*wayyôred*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought down", "*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*hammāyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*yālōq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - laps/licks", "*hakkeleb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the dog", "*taṣṣîg*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall set/place", "*yikraʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - bows down/kneels", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink" }, "variants": { "*wayyôred*": "brought down/led down/took down", "*yālōq*": "laps/licks up/slurps", "*taṣṣîg*": "set/place/station/put", "*yikraʿ*": "bows down/kneels/stoops", "*lištôt*": "to drink/to imbibe" } } 6 { "verseID": "Judges.7.6", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִסְפַּ֞ר הַֽמֲלַקְקִ֤ים בְּיָדָם֙ אֶל־פִּיהֶ֔ם שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת אִ֑ישׁ וְכֹל֙ יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם כָּרְע֥וּ עַל־בִּרְכֵיהֶ֖ם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayəhî* number-of *hamălaqəqîm* with-hand-their to-mouth-their three hundred *ʾîš* and-all rest-of *hāʿām* *kārəʿû* on-knees-their to-*lištôt* *māyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened", "*hamălaqəqîm*": "definite participle, piel masculine plural - the ones lapping", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*kārəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they bowed down/knelt", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it was/and it happened/and it came to pass", "*hamălaqəqîm*": "the ones lapping/the ones licking/those who lapped", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each", "*kārəʿû*": "knelt/bowed down/stooped", "*lištôt*": "to drink/to imbibe" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.7.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן בִּשְׁלֹשׁ֩ מֵא֨וֹת הָאִ֤ישׁ הַֽמֲלַקְקִים֙ אוֹשִׁ֣יעַ אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם יֵלְכ֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Gidʿōn* with-three hundred *hāʾîš* *hamălaqəqîm* *ʾôšîaʿ* you and-*nātattî* *ʾet-Midyān* in-hand-your and-all-*hāʿām* *yēləkû* *ʾîš* to-place-his.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*hāʾîš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man", "*hamălaqəqîm*": "definite participle, piel masculine plural - the ones lapping", "*ʾôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - I will save/deliver", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st common singular - I have given", "*ʾet-Midyān*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Midian", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*yēləkû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will go", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person/each" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*hamălaqəqîm*": "the ones lapping/the ones licking/those who lapped", "*ʾôšîaʿ*": "I will save/deliver/rescue/bring victory", "*nātattî*": "I have given/I give/I will give", "*yēləkû*": "will go/shall go/may go", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each one" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.7.8", "source": "וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־צֵדָה֩ הָעָ֨ם בְּיָדָ֜ם וְאֵ֣ת שׁוֹפְרֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ שִׁלַּח֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְאֹֽהָלָ֔יו וּבִשְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ הֽ͏ֶחֱזִ֑יק וּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן הָ֥יָה ל֖וֹ מִתַּ֥חַת בָּעֵֽמֶק׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqəḥû* *ʾet-ṣēdâ* *hāʿām* in-hand-their and-*ʾēt* *šôfərōtêhem* and-*ʾēt* all-*ʾîš* *Yiśrāʾēl* *šillaḥ* *ʾîš* to-tents-his and-in-three-hundred *hāʾîš* *heḥĕzîq* and-*maḥănēh Midyān* was to-him below in-*ʿēmeq*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqəḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took", "*ʾet-ṣēdâ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular - provisions/supplies", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular collective - the people/troops", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*šôfərōtêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their trumpets/rams' horns", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person/each", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent away", "*hāʾîš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man", "*heḥĕzîq*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he retained/kept", "*maḥănēh Midyān*": "construct phrase - camp of Midian", "*ʿēmeq*": "noun, masculine singular - valley/plain" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqəḥû*": "they took/they received/they accepted", "*ʾet-ṣēdâ*": "provisions/supplies/food", "*šôfərōtêhem*": "their trumpets/their rams' horns/their shofars", "*šillaḥ*": "sent away/dismissed/let go", "*heḥĕzîq*": "retained/kept/held on to", "*ʿēmeq*": "valley/plain/lowland" } } 9 { "verseID": "Judges.7.9", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִי֙ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַה֔וּא וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ יְהוָ֔ה ק֖וּם רֵ֣ד בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה כִּ֥י נְתַתִּ֖יו בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And-*wayəhî* in-*hallayelâ* that and-*wayyōʾmer* to-him *YHWH* *qûm* go-down in-*maḥăneh* for *nətattîw* in-hand-your.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*hallayelâ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the night", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise/get up", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular - camp", "*nətattîw*": "qal perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I have given it" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*qûm*": "arise/get up/stand", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/army/host", "*nətattîw*": "I have given it/I give it/I will give it" } } 10 { "verseID": "Judges.7.10", "source": "וְאִם־יָרֵ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לָרֶ֑דֶת רֵ֥ד אַתָּ֛ה וּפֻרָ֥ה נַעַרְךָ֖ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "And-if-*yārēʾ* you to-go-down go-down you and-*Pûrâ* *naʿarəkā* to-*hammaḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*yārēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - fearful/afraid", "*Pûrâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Purah", "*naʿarəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant/young man", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp" }, "variants": { "*yārēʾ*": "fearful/afraid/frightened", "*naʿarəkā*": "your servant/your young man/your attendant", "*hammaḥăneh*": "the camp/the army/the host" } } 11 { "verseID": "Judges.7.11", "source": "וְשָֽׁמַעְתָּ֙ מַה־יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ וְאַחַר֙ תֶּחֱזַ֣קְנָה יָדֶ֔יךָ וְיָרַדְתָּ֖ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיֵּ֤רֶד הוּא֙ וּפֻרָ֣ה נַעֲר֔וֹ אֶל־קְצֵ֥ה הַחֲמֻשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "And-*wəšāmaʿtā* what-*yədabbērû* and-afterward *teḥĕzaqnâ* hands-your and-*wəyāradtā* in-*bammaḥăneh* and-*wayyēred* he and-*Pûrâ* *naʿărô* to-edge-of *haḥămušîm* which in-*bammaḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*wəšāmaʿtā*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will hear", "*yədabbērû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will speak", "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they will be strengthened", "*wəyāradtā*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will go down", "*bammaḥăneh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the camp", "*wayyēred*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went down", "*Pûrâ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Purah", "*naʿărô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant/young man", "*haḥămušîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the armed men/the fifty" }, "variants": { "*wəšāmaʿtā*": "you will hear/you shall listen to", "*yədabbērû*": "they will speak/they are saying/they will talk", "*teḥĕzaqnâ*": "will be strengthened/will be emboldened/will gain courage", "*wəyāradtā*": "you will go down/you shall descend", "*wayyēred*": "he went down/he descended", "*naʿărô*": "his servant/his young man/his attendant", "*haḥămušîm*": "the armed men/the fighters/the fifty/the battle-ready" } } 12 { "verseID": "Judges.7.12", "source": "וּמִדְיָ֨ן וַעֲמָלֵ֤ק וְכָל־בְּנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ נֹפְלִ֣ים בָּעֵ֔מֶק כָּאַרְבֶּ֖ה לָרֹ֑ב וְלִגְמַלֵּיהֶם֙ אֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֔ר כַּח֛וֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹֽב׃", "text": "And-*Midyān* and-*ʿĂmālēq* and-all-*bənê-qedem* *nōfəlîm* in-*bāʿēmeq* like-*ʾarbeh* for-abundance and-to-camels-their *ʾên* number like-*ḥôl* that-on-shore-of *hayyām* for-abundance.", "grammar": { "*Midyān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Midian", "*ʿĂmālēq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Amalek", "*bənê-qedem*": "construct phrase - sons of the east", "*nōfəlîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - falling/lying", "*bāʿēmeq*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the valley", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun, masculine singular - locust", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ḥôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sand", "*hayyām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*nōfəlîm*": "falling/lying/camping/spreading out", "*bāʿēmeq*": "in the valley/in the plain/in the lowland", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/locust swarm", "*ḥôl*": "sand/dust" } } 13 { "verseID": "Judges.7.13", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א גִדְע֔וֹן וְהִ֨נֵּה־אִ֔ישׁ מְסַפֵּ֥ר לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ חֲל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֵּ֧ה חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֗מְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה *צלול **צְלִ֜יל לֶ֤חֶם שְׂעֹרִים֙ מִתְהַפֵּךְ֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־הָ֠אֹהֶל וַיַּכֵּ֧הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֛ל וַיַּהַפְכֵ֥הוּ לְמַ֖עְלָה וְנָפַ֥ל הָאֹֽהֶל׃", "text": "And-*wayyābōʾ* *Gidʿôn* and-behold-*ʾîš* *məsappēr* to-friend-his *hălôm* and-*wayyōʾmer* behold *hălôm* *ḥālamtî* and-behold *ṣəlîl* *leḥem śəʿōrîm* *mitəhappēk* in-*maḥănēh Midyān* and-*wayyābōʾ* to-*hāʾōhel* and-*wayyakkēhû* and-*wayyippōl* and-*wayyahafəkēhû* upward and-*wənāfal* *hāʾōhel*.", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*məsappēr*": "piel participle masculine singular - telling/recounting", "*hălôm*": "noun, masculine singular - dream", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ḥālamtî*": "qal perfect 1st common singular - I dreamed", "*ṣəlîl*": "noun, masculine singular - cake/round loaf", "*leḥem śəʿōrîm*": "construct phrase - bread of barley", "*mitəhappēk*": "hitpael participle masculine singular - tumbling/rolling itself", "*maḥănēh Midyān*": "construct phrase - camp of Midian", "*hāʾōhel*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the tent", "*wayyakkēhû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it struck it", "*wayyippōl*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it fell", "*wayyahafəkēhû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and it overturned it", "*wənāfal*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and fell", "*hāʾōhel*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the tent" }, "variants": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*məsappēr*": "telling/recounting/narrating", "*hălôm*": "dream/vision during sleep", "*ṣəlîl*": "cake/round loaf/disk", "*mitəhappēk*": "tumbling/rolling itself/turning over", "*wayyakkēhû*": "struck it/hit it/smote it", "*wayyippōl*": "fell/collapsed", "*wayyahafəkēhû*": "overturned it/turned it upside down", "*wənāfal*": "fell/collapsed/came down" } } 14 { "verseID": "Judges.7.14", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַן רֵעֵ֤הוּ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֵ֣ין זֹ֔את בִּלְתִּ֗י אִם־חֶ֛רֶב גִּדְע֥וֹן בֶּן־יוֹאָ֖שׁ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נָתַ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ אֶת־מִדְיָ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿan* friend-his and-*wayyōʾmer* *ʾên* this except if-*ḥereb* *Gidʿôn* son-of-*Yôʾāš* *ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl* *nātan* *hāʾĕlōhîm* in-hand-his *ʾet-Midyān* and-*ʾet*-all-*hammaḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he answered", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no/nothing", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*Yôʾāš*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joash", "*ʾîš Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - man of Israel", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has given", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural (but singular meaning) - God", "*ʾet-Midyān*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Midian", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿan*": "answered/responded/replied", "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ʾên*": "nothing/there is no/none", "*ḥereb*": "sword/weapon", "*nātan*": "has given/delivered/handed over", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "God/the deity", "*hammaḥăneh*": "the camp/the army/the host" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.7.15", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ גִּדְע֜וֹן אֶת־מִסְפַּ֧ר הַחֲל֛וֹם וְאֶת־שִׁבְר֖וֹ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ק֔וּמוּ כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה בְּיֶדְכֶ֖ם אֶת־מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִדְיָֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayəhî* when-hearing *Gidʿôn* *ʾet*-telling-of *haḥălôm* and-*ʾet*-interpretation-its and-*wayyištāḥû* and-*wayyāšāb* to-*maḥănēh Yiśrāʾēl* and-*wayyōʾmer* *qûmû* for-*nātan* *YHWH* in-hand-your *ʾet-maḥănēh Midyān*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*haḥălôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the dream", "*wayyištāḥû*": "waw consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*wayyāšāb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*maḥănēh Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - camp of Israel", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*qûmû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - arise/get up", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - has given", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*maḥănēh Midyān*": "construct phrase - camp of Midian" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*wayyištāḥû*": "he bowed down/he worshipped/he prostrated himself", "*wayyāšāb*": "he returned/he went back", "*qûmû*": "arise/get up/stand", "*nātan*": "has given/delivered/handed over" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.7.16", "source": "וַיַּ֛חַץ אֶת־שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת הָאִ֖ישׁ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה רָאשִׁ֑ים וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שׁוֹפָר֤וֹת בְּיַד־כֻּלָּם֙ וְכַדִּ֣ים רֵקִ֔ים וְלַפִּדִ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הַכַּדִּֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyaḥaṣ* *ʾet*-three-hundred *hāʾîš* three *rāʾšîm* and-*wayyittēn* *šôfārôt* in-hand-all-them and-*kaddîm* empty and-*lappîdîm* in-midst-of *hakkaddîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥaṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he divided", "*hāʾîš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the man/men", "*rāʾšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heads/divisions/companies", "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave/put", "*šôfārôt*": "noun, masculine plural - trumpets/rams' horns", "*kaddîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jars/pitchers", "*lappîdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - torches/fiery torches", "*hakkaddîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the jars/pitchers" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥaṣ*": "divided/split/separated", "*rāʾšîm*": "heads/divisions/companies", "*wayyittēn*": "gave/put/placed", "*šôfārôt*": "trumpets/rams' horns/shofars", "*kaddîm*": "jars/pitchers/containers", "*lappîdîm*": "torches/firebrands/flames" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.7.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִמֶּ֥נִּי תִרְא֖וּ וְכֵ֣ן תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֥י בָא֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה כַאֲשֶׁר־אֶעֱשֶׂ֖ה כֵּ֥ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּן׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* to-them from-me *tirʾû* and-so *taʿăśû* and-behold I *bāʾ* at-edge-of *hammaḥăneh* and-*wəhāyâ* as-that-*ʾeʿĕśeh* so *taʿăśûn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*tirʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will look/see", "*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will do", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - coming/entering", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp", "*wəhāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will do", "*taʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you shall do" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*tirʾû*": "look/see/observe/watch", "*taʿăśû*": "do/act/perform", "*bāʾ*": "coming/entering/arriving", "*wəhāyâ*": "and it will be/and it shall come to pass", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/I will act/I will perform", "*taʿăśûn*": "you shall do/you must do" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.7.18", "source": "וְתָקַעְתִּי֙ בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר אָנֹכִ֖י וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתִּ֑י וּתְקַעְתֶּ֨ם בַּשּׁוֹפָר֜וֹת גַּם־אַתֶּ֗ם סְבִיבוֹת֙ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wətāqaʿtî* with-*haššôfār* I and-all-who with-me and-*ûtəqaʿtem* with-*haššôfārôt* also-you around all-*hammaḥăneh* and-*waʾămartem* for-*YHWH* and-for-*Gidʿôn*.", "grammar": { "*wətāqaʿtî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 1st common singular - and I will blow", "*haššôfār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the trumpet/ram's horn", "*ûtəqaʿtem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will blow", "*haššôfārôt*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the trumpets/rams' horns", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp", "*waʾămartem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will say", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon" }, "variants": { "*wətāqaʿtî*": "I will blow/I shall sound/I will trumpet", "*haššôfār*": "the trumpet/the ram's horn/the shofar", "*ûtəqaʿtem*": "you will blow/you shall sound/you will trumpet", "*haššôfārôt*": "the trumpets/the rams' horns/the shofars", "*waʾămartem*": "you will say/you shall cry out" } } 19 { "verseID": "Judges.7.19", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א גִ֠דְעוֹן וּמֵאָה־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֜וֹ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה רֹ֚אשׁ הָאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַתִּֽיכוֹנָ֔ה אַ֛ךְ הָקֵ֥ם הֵקִ֖ימוּ אֶת־הַשֹּֽׁמְרִ֑ים וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשּׁ֣וֹפָר֔וֹת וְנָפ֥וֹץ הַכַּדִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיָדָֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyābōʾ* *Gidʿôn* and-hundred-*ʾîš* who-with-him at-edge-of *hammaḥăneh* head *hāʾašmōret hattîkônâ* only *hāqēm hēqîmû* *ʾet*-*haššōmərîm* and-*wayyitqəʿû* with-*haššôfārôt* and-breaking *hakkaddîm* which in-hand-their.", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp", "*hāʾašmōret hattîkônâ*": "construct phrase - the middle watch", "*hāqēm hēqîmû*": "infinitive absolute + hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they had just set up", "*haššōmərîm*": "definite participle, qal masculine plural - the guards/watchmen", "*wayyitqəʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they blew", "*haššôfārôt*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the trumpets/rams' horns", "*hakkaddîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the jars/pitchers" }, "variants": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each", "*hāʾašmōret hattîkônâ*": "the middle watch/middle period of the night", "*hāqēm hēqîmû*": "they had just set up/they had newly positioned", "*haššōmərîm*": "the guards/the watchmen/the sentries", "*wayyitqəʿû*": "they blew/they sounded/they trumpeted", "*haššôfārôt*": "the trumpets/the rams' horns/the shofars", "*hakkaddîm*": "the jars/the pitchers/the containers" } } 20 { "verseID": "Judges.7.20", "source": "וַֽ֠יִּתְקְעוּ שְׁלֹ֨שֶׁת הָרָאשִׁ֥ים בַּשּֽׁוֹפָרוֹת֮ וַיִּשְׁבְּר֣וּ הַכַּדִּים֒ וַיַּחֲזִ֤יקוּ בְיַד־שְׂמאֹולָם֙ בַּלַּפִּדִ֔ים וּבְיַ֨ד־יְמִינָ֔ם הַשּׁוֹפָר֖וֹת לִתְק֑וֹעַ וַֽיִּקְרְא֔וּ חֶ֥רֶב לַֽיהוָ֖ה וּלְגִדְעֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*wayyitqəʿû* three *hārāʾšîm* with-*baššôfārôt* and-*wayyišbərû* *hakkaddîm* and-*wayyaḥăzîqû* in-hand-left-their with-*ballappîdîm* and-in-hand-right-their *haššôfārôt* to-*litqôaʿ* and-*wayyiqrəʾû* sword for-*YHWH* and-for-*Gidʿôn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyitqəʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they blew", "*hārāʾšîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the companies/divisions", "*baššôfārôt*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - with the trumpets", "*wayyišbərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they broke", "*hakkaddîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the jars/pitchers", "*wayyaḥăzîqû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they grasped", "*ballappîdîm*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - with the torches", "*haššôfārôt*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the trumpets/rams' horns", "*litqôaʿ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to blow", "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they called out", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon" }, "variants": { "*wayyitqəʿû*": "they blew/they sounded/they trumpeted", "*hārāʾšîm*": "the companies/the divisions/the groups", "*wayyišbərû*": "they broke/they smashed/they shattered", "*wayyaḥăzîqû*": "they grasped/they held/they seized", "*litqôaʿ*": "to blow/to sound/to trumpet", "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "they called out/they shouted/they cried" } } 21 { "verseID": "Judges.7.21", "source": "וַיַּֽעַמְדוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ תַּחְתָּ֔יו סָבִ֖יב לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֧רָץ כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה וַיָּרִ֖יעוּ וַיָּנֽוּסוּ׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿamdû* *ʾîš* under-him around to-*lammaḥăneh* and-*wayyāroṣ* all-*hammaḥăneh* and-*wayyārîʿû* and-*wayyānûsû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿamdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stood", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person/each", "*lammaḥăneh*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - to the camp", "*wayyāroṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and ran", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp", "*wayyārîʿû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they shouted", "*wayyānûsû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they fled" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿamdû*": "they stood/they remained/they stationed themselves", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each one", "*wayyāroṣ*": "ran/rushed/hurried", "*wayyārîʿû*": "they shouted/they sounded alarm/they cried out", "*wayyānûsû*": "they fled/they ran away/they escaped" } } 22 { "verseID": "Judges.7.22", "source": "וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֮ שְׁלֹשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפָרוֹת֒ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣ת חֶ֥רֶב אִ֛ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ וּבְכָל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיָּ֨נָס הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜ה עַד־בֵּ֤ית הַשִּׁטָּה֙ צְֽרֵרָ֔תָה עַ֛ד שְׂפַת־אָבֵ֥ל מְחוֹלָ֖ה עַל־טַבָּֽת׃", "text": "And-*wayyitqəʿû* three-hundred *haššôfārôt* and-*wayyāśem* *YHWH* *ʾēt* sword *ʾîš* against-friend-his and-against-all-*hammaḥăneh* and-*wayyānos* *hammaḥăneh* until-*bêt haššiṭṭâ* *ṣərērātâ* until border-of-*ʾābēl məḥôlâ* at-*ṭabbāt*.", "grammar": { "*wayyitqəʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they blew", "*haššôfārôt*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the trumpets/rams' horns", "*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he set", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person/each", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the camp", "*wayyānos*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and fled", "*bêt haššiṭṭâ*": "construct phrase - house of Shittah", "*ṣərērātâ*": "proper noun with directional he - to Zererah", "*ʾābēl məḥôlâ*": "proper noun - Abel Meholah", "*ṭabbāt*": "proper noun - Tabbath" }, "variants": { "*wayyitqəʿû*": "they blew/they sounded/they trumpeted", "*wayyāśem*": "he set/he placed/he turned", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each one", "*wayyānos*": "fled/ran away/escaped" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.7.23", "source": "וַיִּצָּעֵ֧ק אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִנַּפְתָּלִ֥י וּמִן־אָשֵׁ֖ר וּמִן־כָּל־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י מִדְיָֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayyiṣṣāʿēq* *ʾîš-Yiśrāʾēl* from-*Naftālî* and-from-*ʾĀšēr* and-from-all-*Mənaššeh* and-*wayyirdəpû* after *Midyān*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiṣṣāʿēq*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and was called out/summoned", "*ʾîš-Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - man of Israel", "*Naftālî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Naphtali", "*ʾĀšēr*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Asher", "*Mənaššeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Manasseh", "*wayyirdəpû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*Midyān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Midian" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṣṣāʿēq*": "was called out/was summoned/was mustered", "*ʾîš-Yiśrāʾēl*": "man of Israel/men of Israel/Israelites", "*wayyirdəpû*": "they pursued/they chased/they followed after" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.7.24", "source": "וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃", "text": "And-*malʾākîm* *šālaḥ* *Gidʿôn* in-all-mountain-of *ʾEfrayim* saying *rədû* to-meet *Midyān* and-*likədû* for-them *ʾet-hammayim* until *bêt bārâ* and-*ʾet-haYardēn* and-*wayyiṣṣāʿēq* all-*ʾîš* *ʾEfrayim* and-*wayyilkədû* *ʾet-hammayim* until *bêt bārâ* and-*ʾet-haYardēn*.", "grammar": { "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*ʾEfrayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim", "*rədû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - go down", "*Midyān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Midian", "*likədû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - capture/seize", "*hammayim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*bêt bārâ*": "proper noun - Beth Barah", "*haYardēn*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the Jordan", "*wayyiṣṣāʿēq*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and was called out", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*wayyilkədû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they captured" }, "variants": { "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/envoys/angels", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*rədû*": "go down/descend/come down", "*likədû*": "capture/seize/take possession of", "*hammayim*": "the waters/the water crossings/the fords", "*wayyiṣṣāʿēq*": "was called out/was summoned/was mustered", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual/each", "*wayyilkədû*": "they captured/they seized/they took possession of" } } 25 { "verseID": "Judges.7.25", "source": "וַֽיִּלְכְּד֡וּ שְׁנֵֽי־שָׂרֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן אֶת־עֹרֵ֣ב וְאֶת־זְאֵ֗ב וַיַּהַרְג֨וּ אֶת־עוֹרֵ֤ב בְּצוּר־עוֹרֵב֙ וְאֶת־זְאֵב֙ הָרְג֣וּ בְיֶֽקֶב־זְאֵ֔ב וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אֶל־מִדְיָ֑ן וְרֹאשׁ־עֹרֵ֣ב וּזְאֵ֔ב הֵבִ֙יאוּ֙ אֶל־גִּדְע֔וֹן מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayyilkədû* two-*śārê* *Midyān* *ʾet-ʿŌrēb* and-*ʾet-Zəʾēb* and-*wayyahargû* *ʾet-ʿôrēb* at-*ṣûr-ʿôrēb* and-*ʾet-zəʾēb* *hārgû* at-*yeqeb-zəʾēb* and-*wayyirdəpû* to-*Midyān* and-head-of-*ʿŌrēb* and-*Zəʾēb* *hēbîʾû* to-*Gidʿôn* from-across to-*haYardēn*.", "grammar": { "*wayyilkədû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they captured", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*Midyān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Midian", "*ʿŌrēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Oreb", "*Zəʾēb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Zeeb", "*wayyahargû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they killed", "*ṣûr-ʿôrēb*": "construct phrase - rock of Oreb", "*hārgû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they killed", "*yeqeb-zəʾēb*": "construct phrase - wine press of Zeeb", "*wayyirdəpû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*hēbîʾû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - they brought", "*Gidʿôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gideon", "*haYardēn*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the Jordan" }, "variants": { "*wayyilkədû*": "they captured/they seized/they took", "*śārê*": "princes/officials/leaders/commanders", "*wayyahargû*": "they killed/they slew/they executed", "*hārgû*": "they killed/they slew/they executed", "*wayyirdəpû*": "they pursued/they chased/they followed after", "*hēbîʾû*": "they brought/they carried/they delivered" } }
• Num 31:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Numbers.31.7", "source": "וַֽיִּצְבְּאוּ֙ עַל־מִדְיָ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיַּֽהַרְג֖וּ כָּל־זָכָֽר׃", "text": "*way-yiṣbəʾû* *ʿal-miḏyān* *ka-ʾăšer* *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ-mōšeh* *way-yahargû* *kol-zāḵār*", "grammar": { "*way-yiṣbəʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they waged war", "*ʿal-miḏyān*": "preposition + proper noun - against Midian", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - according to what/as", "*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾeṯ-mōšeh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Moses", "*way-yahargû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they killed", "*kol-zāḵār*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - every male" }, "variants": { "*way-yiṣbəʾû*": "and they waged war/fought against/went out to battle", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*way-yahargû*": "and they killed/slew/put to death" } } 8 { "verseID": "Numbers.31.8", "source": "וְאֶת־מַלְכֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן הָרְג֣וּ עַל־חַלְלֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת־רֶ֙קֶם֙ וְאֶת־צ֤וּר וְאֶת־חוּר֙ וְאֶת־רֶ֔בַע חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת מַלְכֵ֣י מִדְיָ֑ן וְאֵת֙ בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֔וֹר הָרְג֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*wə-ʾeṯ-malḵê* *miḏyān* *hārgû* *ʿal-ḥalləêhem* *ʾeṯ-ʾĕwî* *wə-ʾeṯ-reqem* *wə-ʾeṯ-ṣûr* *wə-ʾeṯ-ḥûr* *wə-ʾeṯ-reḇaʿ* *ḥămēšeṯ* *malḵê* *miḏyān* *wə-ʾēṯ* *bilʿām* *ben-bəʿôr* *hārgû* *beḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾeṯ-malḵê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - and the kings of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*hārgû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they killed", "*ʿal-ḥalləêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - besides their slain", "*ʾeṯ-ʾĕwî*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Evi", "*wə-ʾeṯ-reqem*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Rekem", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ṣûr*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Zur", "*wə-ʾeṯ-ḥûr*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Hur", "*wə-ʾeṯ-reḇaʿ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Reba", "*ḥămēšeṯ*": "cardinal number, feminine singular construct - five of", "*malḵê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - kings of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*wə-ʾēṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*bilʿām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*ben-bəʿôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - son of Beor", "*hārgû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they killed", "*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the sword" }, "variants": { "*ʿal-ḥalləêhem*": "besides their slain/among their slain/in addition to those who fell", "*hārgû*": "they killed/slew/put to death" } }
• Judg 4:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Judges.4.7", "source": "וּמָשַׁכְתִּ֨י אֵלֶ֜יךָ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִישׁ֗וֹן אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יָבִ֔ין וְאֶת־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְאֶת־הֲמוֹנ֑וֹ וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And I will *māšaktî ʾēlêkā* to *naḥal qîšôn ʾet-sîsərāʾ śar-ṣəbāʾ yābîn wə-ʾet-rikbô wə-ʾet-hămônô û-nətattîhû* in *yādekā*", "grammar": { "*û-māšaktî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will draw/entice", "*ʾēlêkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾel-naḥal*": "preposition + construct noun - to the brook/wadi of", "*qîšôn*": "proper noun - Kishon", "*ʾet-sîsərāʾ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sisera", "*śar-ṣəbāʾ*": "construct noun + noun - commander of the army of", "*yābîn*": "proper noun - Jabin", "*wə-ʾet-rikbô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his chariots", "*wə-ʾet-hămônô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his multitude", "*û-nətattîhû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I will give him", "*bəyādekā*": "preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - into your hand" }, "variants": { "*māšaktî*": "I will draw/I will entice/I will bring", "*naḥal*": "brook/wadi/torrent valley", "*rikbô*": "his chariots/his chariot forces", "*hămônô*": "his multitude/his troops/his horde", "*nətattîhû*": "I will give him/I will deliver him", "*yādekā*": "your hand/your power" } }
• Judg 4:15-24 : 15 { "verseID": "Judges.4.15", "source": "וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yāhom Yahweh ʾet-sîsərāʾ wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh ləpî-ḥereb lipnê bārāq wa-yēred sîsərāʾ mēʿal hammerkābâ wa-yānos bəraglāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he confused/routed", "*Yahweh*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾet-sîsərāʾ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sisera", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the chariots", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the camp/army", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "preposition + construct noun + noun - by edge of sword", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct noun - before/in front of", "*bārāq*": "proper noun - Barak", "*wa-yēred*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he got down", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hammerkābâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the chariot", "*wa-yānos*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he fled", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāhom*": "confused/routed/threw into panic", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "by edge of sword/with the sword/to the mouth of the sword", "*wa-yēred*": "got down/descended/alighted", "*wa-yānos*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*bəraglāyw*": "on foot/on his feet" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.4.16", "source": "וּבָרָ֗ק רָדַ֞ף אַחֲרֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה עַ֖ד חֲרֹ֣שֶׁת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַיִּפֹּ֞ל כָּל־מַחֲנֵ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א נִשְׁאַ֖ר עַד־אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "And *bārāq rādap ʾaḥărê hārekeb wə-ʾaḥărê hammaḥăneh ʿad ḥărōšet haggôyim wa-yippōl kol-maḥănēh sîsərāʾ ləpî-ḥereb lōʾ nišʾar ʿad-ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*û-bārāq*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Barak", "*rādap*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - pursued", "*ʾaḥărê hārekeb*": "preposition + definite article + noun - after the chariots", "*wə-ʾaḥărê hammaḥăneh*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun - and after the camp/army", "*ʿad ḥărōšet haggôyim*": "preposition + proper noun - as far as Harosheth-hagoyim", "*wa-yippōl*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and fell", "*kol-maḥănēh sîsərāʾ*": "noun + construct noun + proper noun - all the camp/army of Sisera", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "preposition + construct noun + noun - by edge of sword", "*lōʾ nišʾar*": "negative particle + Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was not left/remained", "*ʿad-ʾeḥād*": "preposition + numeral - even one" }, "variants": { "*rādap*": "pursued/chased/followed", "*wa-yippōl*": "fell/was struck down", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "by edge of sword/by the sword/to the mouth of the sword", "*nišʾar*": "was left/remained/survived" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.4.17", "source": "וְסִֽיסְרָא֙ נָ֣ס בְּרַגְלָ֔יו אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל יָעֵ֔ל אֵ֖שֶּׁת חֶ֣בֶר הַקֵּינִ֑י כִּ֣י שָׁל֗וֹם בֵּ֚ין יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־חָצ֔וֹר וּבֵ֕ין בֵּ֖ית חֶ֥בֶר הַקֵּינִֽי׃", "text": "And *sîsərāʾ nās bəraglāyw ʾel-ʾōhel yāʿēl ʾēšet ḥeber haqqênî kî šālôm bên yābîn melek-ḥāṣôr û-bên bêt ḥeber haqqênî*", "grammar": { "*wə-sîsərāʾ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Sisera", "*nās*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - fled", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet", "*ʾel-ʾōhel*": "preposition + noun - to the tent of", "*yāʿēl*": "proper noun - Jael", "*ʾēšet*": "construct noun - wife of", "*ḥeber*": "proper noun - Heber", "*haqqênî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Kenite", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*šālôm*": "noun - peace/friendly relations", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*yābîn*": "proper noun - Jabin", "*melek-ḥāṣôr*": "construct noun + proper noun - king of Hazor", "*û-bên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between", "*bêt*": "construct noun - house of", "*ḥeber*": "proper noun - Heber", "*haqqênî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Kenite" }, "variants": { "*nās*": "fled/escaped/ran away", "*bəraglāyw*": "on foot/on his feet", "*šālôm*": "peace/friendly relations/alliance", "*bêt*": "house/household/family" } } 18 { "verseID": "Judges.4.18", "source": "וַתֵּצֵ֣א יָעֵל֮ לִקְרַ֣את סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו סוּרָ֧ה אֲדֹנִ֛י סוּרָ֥ה אֵלַ֖י אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיָּ֤סַר אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָאֹ֔הֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּ֖הוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-tēṣēʾ yāʿēl liqraʾt sîsərāʾ wa-tōʾmer ʾēlāyw sûrâ ʾădōnî sûrâ ʾēlay ʾal-tîrāʾ wa-yāsar ʾēlêhā hāʾōhĕlâ wa-təkassēhû baśśəmîkâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-tēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she came out", "*yāʿēl*": "proper noun - Jael", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she said", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*sûrâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + paragogic heh - turn aside", "*ʾădōnî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*sûrâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular + paragogic heh - turn aside", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾal-tîrāʾ*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - do not fear", "*wa-yāsar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he turned aside", "*ʾēlêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to her", "*hāʾōhĕlâ*": "definite article + noun + directional heh - into the tent", "*wa-təkassēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and she covered him", "*baśśəmîkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - with the blanket/coverlet" }, "variants": { "*wa-tēṣēʾ*": "came out/went out", "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*sûrâ*": "turn aside/turn in", "*ʾal-tîrāʾ*": "do not fear/do not be afraid", "*wa-yāsar*": "he turned aside/he turned in", "*wa-təkassēhû*": "she covered him/she concealed him", "*baśśəmîkâ*": "with the blanket/with the rug/with the coverlet" } } 19 { "verseID": "Judges.4.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ הַשְׁקִינִי־נָ֥א מְעַט־מַ֖יִם כִּ֣י צָמֵ֑אתִי וַתִּפְתַּ֞ח אֶת־נֹ֧אוד הֶחָלָ֛ב וַתַּשְׁקֵ֖הוּ וַתְּכַסֵּֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer ʾēlêhā hašqînî-nāʾ məʿaṭ-mayim kî ṣāmēʾtî wa-tiptaḥ ʾet-nōʾwd heḥālāb wa-tašqēhû wa-təkassēhû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to her", "*hašqînî*": "Hiphil imperative feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - give me to drink", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*məʿaṭ-mayim*": "construct adjective + noun - a little water", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ṣāmēʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I am thirsty", "*wa-tiptaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she opened", "*ʾet-nōʾwd*": "direct object marker + noun - the skin/bottle of", "*heḥālāb*": "definite article + noun - the milk", "*wa-tašqēhû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and she gave him drink", "*wa-təkassēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and she covered him" }, "variants": { "*hašqînî*": "give me to drink/let me drink", "*məʿaṭ*": "little/small amount", "*ṣāmēʾtî*": "I am thirsty/I thirst", "*nōʾwd*": "skin/bottle/container", "*ḥālāb*": "milk/curds", "*wa-tašqēhû*": "she gave him drink/she allowed him to drink" } } 20 { "verseID": "Judges.4.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ עֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וְהָיָה֩ אִם־אִ֨ישׁ יָב֜וֹא וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וְאָמַ֛ר הֲיֵֽשׁ־פֹּ֥ה אִ֖ישׁ וְאָמַ֥רְתְּ אָֽיִן׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer ʾēlêhā ʿămōd petaḥ hāʾōhel wə-hāyâ ʾim-ʾîš yābôʾ û-šəʾēlēk wə-ʾāmar hăyēš-pōh ʾîš wə-ʾāmart ʾāyin*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēlêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to her", "*ʿămōd*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - stand", "*petaḥ*": "construct noun - entrance of", "*hāʾōhel*": "definite article + noun - the tent", "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*ʾim-ʾîš*": "conditional particle + noun - if anyone/if a man", "*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - comes", "*û-šəʾēlēk*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - and asks you", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and says", "*hăyēš-pōh*": "interrogative particle + existential particle + adverb - is there here", "*ʾîš*": "noun - a man/anyone", "*wə-ʾāmart*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular - and you shall say", "*ʾāyin*": "negative adverb - no/there is not" }, "variants": { "*ʿămōd*": "stand/position yourself", "*petaḥ*": "entrance/doorway/opening", "*wə-hāyâ*": "and it will be/and it shall happen", "*yābôʾ*": "comes/arrives", "*û-šəʾēlēk*": "asks you/inquires of you", "*hăyēš*": "is there/exists there", "*ʾāyin*": "no/none/there is not" } } 21 { "verseID": "Judges.4.21", "source": "וַתִּקַּ֣ח יָעֵ֣ל אֵֽשֶׁת־חֶ֠בֶר אֶת־יְתַ֨ד הָאֹ֜הֶל וַתָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַמַּקֶּ֣בֶת בְּיָדָ֗הּ וַתָּב֤וֹא אֵלָיו֙ בַּלָּ֔אט וַתִּתְקַ֤ע אֶת־הַיָּתֵד֙ בְּרַקָּת֔וֹ וַתִּצְנַ֖ח בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֽוּא־נִרְדָּ֥ם וַיָּ֖עַף וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "*wa-tiqqaḥ yāʿēl ʾēšet-ḥeber ʾet-yətad hāʾōhel wa-tāśem ʾet-hammaqqebet bəyādāh wa-tābôʾ ʾēlāyw ballāʾṭ wa-titqaʿ ʾet-hayyātēd bəraqqātô wa-tiṣnaḥ bāʾāreṣ wə-hûʾ-nirdām wa-yāʿap wa-yāmōt*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she took", "*yāʿēl*": "proper noun - Jael", "*ʾēšet-ḥeber*": "construct noun + proper noun - wife of Heber", "*ʾet-yətad*": "direct object marker + noun - the tent peg", "*hāʾōhel*": "definite article + noun - the tent", "*wa-tāśem*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she put/placed", "*ʾet-hammaqqebet*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the hammer", "*bəyādāh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her hand", "*wa-tābôʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she came", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ballāʾṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - quietly/secretly", "*wa-titqaʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she drove", "*ʾet-hayyātēd*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the peg", "*bəraqqātô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his temple", "*wa-tiṣnaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and it went down", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - into the ground", "*wə-hûʾ-nirdām*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun + Niphal participle masculine singular - and he was in deep sleep", "*wa-yāʿap*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he was exhausted", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he died" }, "variants": { "*wa-tiqqaḥ*": "she took/she seized", "*yətad*": "tent peg/pin", "*maqqebet*": "hammer/mallet", "*ballāʾṭ*": "quietly/secretly/stealthily", "*wa-titqaʿ*": "she drove/she hammered/she thrust", "*raqqâ*": "temple (of head)", "*wa-tiṣnaḥ*": "it went down/it penetrated", "*nirdām*": "in deep sleep/fast asleep", "*wa-yāʿap*": "was exhausted/was weary/was faint", "*wa-yāmōt*": "he died/he perished" } } 22 { "verseID": "Judges.4.22", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה בָרָק֮ רֹדֵ֣ף אֶת־סִֽיסְרָא֒ וַתֵּצֵ֤א יָעֵל֙ לִקְרָאת֔וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֣ךְ וְאַרְאֶ֔ךָּ אֶת־הָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֣ה מְבַקֵּ֑שׁ וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלֶ֔יהָ וְהִנֵּ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ נֹפֵ֣ל מֵ֔ת וְהַיָּתֵ֖ד בְּרַקָּתֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *hinnēh bārāq rōdēp ʾet-sîsərāʾ wa-tēṣēʾ yāʿēl liqrāʾtô wa-tōʾmer lô lēk wə-ʾarʾekkā ʾet-hāʾîš ʾăšer-ʾattâ məbaqqēš wa-yābōʾ ʾēlêhā wə-hinnēh sîsərāʾ nōpēl mēt wə-hayyātēd bəraqqātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*bārāq*": "proper noun - Barak", "*rōdēp*": "Qal participle masculine singular - pursuing", "*ʾet-sîsərāʾ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sisera", "*wa-tēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she went out", "*yāʿēl*": "proper noun - Jael", "*liqrāʾtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to meet him", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she said", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lēk*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go/come", "*wə-ʾarʾekkā*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and I will show you", "*ʾet-hāʾîš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the man", "*ʾăšer-ʾattâ*": "relative pronoun + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - whom you", "*məbaqqēš*": "Piel participle masculine singular - seeking", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he came", "*ʾēlêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to her", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*nōpēl*": "Qal participle masculine singular - lying", "*mēt*": "Qal participle masculine singular - dead", "*wə-hayyātēd*": "conjunction + definite article + noun - and the peg", "*bəraqqātô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his temple" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing", "*liqrāʾtô*": "to meet him/to encounter him", "*lēk*": "go/come", "*wə-ʾarʾekkā*": "I will show you/I will let you see", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/looking for", "*nōpēl*": "lying/fallen", "*mēt*": "dead/having died" } } 23 { "verseID": "Judges.4.23", "source": "וַיַּכְנַ֤ע אֱלֹהִים֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֵ֖ת יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yaknaʿ ʾĕlōhîm bayyôm hahûʾ ʾēt yābîn melek-kənaʿan lipnê bənê yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yaknaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he subdued", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun - God", "*bayyôm hahûʾ*": "preposition + definite article + noun + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - on that day", "*ʾēt yābîn*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Jabin", "*melek-kənaʿan*": "construct noun + proper noun - king of Canaan", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct noun - before", "*bənê yiśrāʾēl*": "construct plural noun + proper noun - children of Israel" }, "variants": { "*wa-yaknaʿ*": "subdued/humbled/brought down", "*bayyôm hahûʾ*": "on that day/at that time", "*lipnê*": "before/in the presence of" } } 24 { "verseID": "Judges.4.24", "source": "וַתֵּ֜לֶךְ יַ֤ד בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָל֣וֹךְ וְקָשָׁ֔ה עַ֖ל יָבִ֣ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָ֑עַן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְרִ֔יתוּ אֵ֖ת יָבִ֥ין מֶֽלֶךְ־כְּנָֽעַן׃ פ", "text": "*wa-tēlek yad bənê-yiśrāʾēl hālôk wə-qāšâ ʿal yābîn melek-kənaʿan ʿad ʾăšer hikrîtû ʾēt yābîn melek-kənaʿan*", "grammar": { "*wa-tēlek*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and went", "*yad*": "construct noun - hand of", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct plural noun + proper noun - children of Israel", "*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going", "*wə-qāšâ*": "conjunction + adjective feminine singular - and hard/severe", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*yābîn*": "proper noun - Jabin", "*melek-kənaʿan*": "construct noun + proper noun - king of Canaan", "*ʿad ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - until", "*hikrîtû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they destroyed", "*ʾēt yābîn*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Jabin", "*melek-kənaʿan*": "construct noun + proper noun - king of Canaan" }, "variants": { "*wa-tēlek*": "went/proceeded", "*yad*": "hand/power", "*hālôk wə-qāšâ*": "increasingly hard/growing more severe/continued to be harsh", "*hikrîtû*": "they destroyed/they cut off/they eliminated" } }