Deuteronomy 6:19

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.6.19", "source": "לַהֲדֹ֥ף אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "To-*lahadōp* *ʾet*-all-*ʾōyĕbêka* from-*mippānêka* as which *dibber* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*la-hadōp*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to thrust out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʾōyĕbêka*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*mi-ppānêka*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from before you", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*hadōp*": "thrust out/drive away/repel", "*ʾōyĕbîm*": "enemies/foes/adversaries", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/before", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/promised" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לַהֲדֹ֥ף אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה

Transliteration

To-lahadōp ʾet-all-ʾōyĕbêka from-mippānêka as which dibber YHWH

Grammar Details

• *la-hadōp*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to thrust out
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *kol*: noun, construct - all of
• *ʾōyĕbêka*: masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies
• *mi-ppānêka*: preposition + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from before you
• *ka-ʾăšer*: preposition + relative pronoun - as
• *dibber*: Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - spoke
• *YHWH*: proper noun - LORD/Yahweh

Word Meanings

• *hadōp*: thrust out/drive away/repel
• *ʾōyĕbîm*: enemies/foes/adversaries
• *pānîm*: face/presence/before
• *dibber*: spoke/said/promised

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He will drive out all your enemies before you, as the LORD has promised.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  To cast out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath spoken.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  To cast out all your enemies from before you, as the LORD has spoken.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  To cast out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath spoken.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  to thrust out{H1920} all thine enemies{H341} from before{H6440} thee, as Jehovah{H3068} hath spoken.{H1696}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  To cast out{H1920}{(H8800)} all thine enemies{H341}{(H8802)} from before{H6440} thee, as the LORD{H3068} hath spoken{H1696}{(H8765)}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and that the Lorde maye cast out all thine enemies before the as he hath sayed.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  that he maye chace out all thine enemies before the, as the LORDE hath sayde.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  To cast out all thine enemies before thee, as the Lord hath sayd.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  To cast out all thine enemies before thee, as the Lorde hath sayde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  To cast out all thine enemies from before thee, as the LORD hath spoken.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  to thrust out all your enemies from before you, as Yahweh has spoken.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  to drive away all thine enemies from thy presence, as Jehovah hath spoken.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  to thrust out all thine enemies from before thee, as Jehovah hath spoken.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  to thrust out all thine enemies from before thee, as Jehovah hath spoken.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  To send out from before you all those who are against you.

• World English Bible (2000)

  to thrust out all your enemies from before you, as Yahweh has spoken.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  and that you may drive out all your enemies just as the LORD said.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 23:28-30 : 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.28", "source": "וְשָׁלַחְתִּ֥י אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֖ה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְגֵרְשָׁ֗ה אֶת־הַחִוִּ֧י אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֖י מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And-*šālaḥtî* *ʾet*-the-*ṣirʿāh* before-you and-*gērĕšāh* *ʾet*-the-*ḥiwwî* *ʾet*-the-*kĕnaʿănî* and-*ʾet*-the-*ḥittî* from-before-you", "grammar": { "*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - I will send", "*ṣirʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - hornet/wasp", "*gērĕšāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - it will drive out", "*ḥiwwî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hivite", "*kĕnaʿănî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Canaanite", "*ḥittî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hittite" }, "variants": { "*ṣirʿāh*": "hornet/wasp/terror (possibly metaphorical)", "*gērĕšāh*": "it will drive out/expel/cast out" } } 29 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.29", "source": "לֹ֧א אֲגָרְשֶׁ֛נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ בְּשָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת פֶּן־תִּהְיֶ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְרַבָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "Not *ʾăgārĕšennû* from-before-you in-*šānāh* one lest-*tihyeh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *šĕmāmāh* and-*rabbāh* upon-you *ḥayyat* the-*śādeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾăgārĕšennû*": "piel imperfect 1st person common singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will drive them out", "*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will become", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land/earth", "*šĕmāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*rabbāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - will multiply", "*ḥayyat*": "noun feminine singular construct - beast/animal of", "*śādeh*": "noun masculine singular - field/open country" }, "variants": { "*ʾăgārĕšennû*": "I will drive them out/expel them/cast them out", "*šĕmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*rabbāh*": "will multiply/increase/become many", "*ḥayyat ha-śādeh*": "beast of the field/wild animal" } } 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.30", "source": "מְעַ֥ט מְעַ֛ט אֲגָרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּפְרֶ֔ה וְנָחַלְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Mĕʿaṭ mĕʿaṭ* *ʾăgārĕšennû* from-before-you until which *tipreh* and-*nāḥaltā* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*mĕʿaṭ mĕʿaṭ*": "adjective masculine singular (repeated) - little by little", "*ʾăgārĕšennû*": "piel imperfect 1st person common singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will drive them out", "*tipreh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will be fruitful/increase", "*nāḥaltā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - you will possess/inherit", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*mĕʿaṭ mĕʿaṭ*": "little by little/gradually/bit by bit", "*tipreh*": "you will be fruitful/increase/multiply", "*nāḥaltā*": "you will possess/inherit/take possession of" } }
• Num 33:52-53 : 52 { "verseID": "Numbers.33.52", "source": "וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֨בַּדְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־צַלְמֵ֤י מַסֵּֽכֹתָם֙ תְּאַבֵּ֔דוּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־בָּמֹתָ֖ם תַּשְׁמִֽידוּ׃", "text": "And *wə-hôrašttem* *ʾet-kol-yōšəbê hā-ʾāreṣ* from before you, and *wə-ʾibbadtem* *ʾēt kol-maśkiyyōtām* and *ʾēt kol-ṣalmê massēkōtām* *təʾabbēdû* and *ʾēt kol-bāmōtām* *tašmîdû*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hôrašttem*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall dispossess", "*ʾet-kol-yōšəbê hā-ʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + construct form with definite article - all inhabitants of the land", "*mippənêkem*": "preposition *min* + construct form with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you", "*wə-ʾibbadtem*": "waw consecutive + piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall destroy", "*ʾēt kol-maśkiyyōtām*": "direct object marker + construct form with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all their stone images", "*ʾēt kol-ṣalmê massēkōtām*": "direct object marker + double construct chain with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all images of their molten idols", "*təʾabbēdû*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall destroy", "*ʾēt kol-bāmōtām*": "direct object marker + construct form with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all their high places", "*tašmîdû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall destroy" }, "variants": { "*hôrašttem*": "dispossess/drive out/take possession", "*yōšəbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*ʾibbadtem*": "destroy/exterminate/demolish", "*maśkiyyōtām*": "their stone images/carved figures/stone idols", "*ṣalmê*": "images/likenesses/figures", "*massēkōtām*": "their molten idols/metal images/cast figures", "*təʾabbēdû*": "destroy/exterminate/demolish", "*bāmōtām*": "their high places/shrines/cultic platforms", "*tašmîdû*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate" } } 53 { "verseID": "Numbers.33.53", "source": "וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-hôraštem* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* *wî-yšabtem*-*bāh* *kî* to-you *nātattî* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* *lārešet* *ʾōtāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-hôraštem*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall possess/dispossess", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wî-yšabtem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall dwell/settle", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have given", "*lārešet*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to possess", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it" }, "variants": { "*wə-hôraštem*": "you shall take possession of/you shall dispossess/you shall drive out", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the territory", "*wî-yšabtem*": "you shall dwell/settle/inhabit", "*lārešet*": "to possess/to inherit/to occupy" } }
• Judg 2:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.2.1", "source": "וַיַּ֧עַל מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֛ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל אֶל־הַבֹּכִ֑ים פ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אַעֲלֶ֨ה אֶתְכֶ֜ם מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וָאָבִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ לַאֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וָאֹמַ֕ר לֹֽא־אָפֵ֧ר בְּרִיתִ֛י אִתְּכֶ֖ם לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿal* *malʾaḵ*-*YHWH* from-the-*Gilgal* to-the-*Boḵim* and *wayyomer* I-will-bring-up *ʾet*-you from-*Miṣrayim* and-I-brought *ʾet*-you to-the-*ʾereṣ* which *nišbaʿtî* to-*ʾaḇôtêḵem* and-I-said not-I-will-break *bərîtî* with-you for-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*malʾaḵ*-*YHWH*": "construct state - messenger/angel of YHWH", "*Gilgal*": "proper noun with definite article", "*Boḵim*": "proper noun with definite article - 'weepers'", "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine noun with definite article - land/earth", "*nišbaʿtî*": "niphal perfect, 1st singular - I swore", "*ʾaḇôtêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*bərîtî*": "feminine noun with 1st singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*malʾaḵ*": "messenger/angel/representative", "*YHWH*": "proper name of Israel's God", "*wayyaʿal*": "went up/ascended/came up", "*Boḵim*": "place name meaning 'weepers'", "*ʾaʿăleh*": "I will bring up/cause to ascend", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*ʾaḇôtêḵem*": "your forefathers/ancestors", "*ʾāpēr*": "break/violate/nullify", "*bərît*": "covenant/treaty/agreement", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/long duration" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.2.2", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֗ם לֹֽא־תִכְרְת֤וּ בְרִית֙ לְיֽוֹשְׁבֵי֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם תִּתֹּצ֑וּן וְלֹֽא־שְׁמַעְתֶּ֥ם בְּקֹלִ֖י מַה־זֹּ֥את עֲשִׂיתֶֽם׃", "text": "And-you not-*tiḵrətû* *bərît* with-*yôšəḇê* the-*ʾereṣ* this *mizḇəḥôtêhem* *tittōṣûn* and-not-*šəmaʿtem* in-*qôlî* what-this *ʿăśîtem*", "grammar": { "*tiḵrətû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall cut/make", "*bərît*": "feminine noun - covenant", "*yôšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine noun with definite article - land", "*mizḇəḥôtêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their altars", "*tittōṣûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you shall break down", "*šəmaʿtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have heard/listened/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "masculine noun with 1st singular suffix - my voice", "*ʿăśîtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have done" }, "variants": { "*tiḵrətû*": "you shall cut/make/establish", "*bərît*": "covenant/treaty/agreement", "*yôšəḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/earth", "*mizḇəḥôtêhem*": "their altars/places of sacrifice", "*tittōṣûn*": "you shall break down/tear down/demolish", "*šəmaʿtem*": "you listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/sound/command", "*ʿăśîtem*": "you have done/made/accomplished" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.2.3", "source": "וְגַ֣ם אָמַ֔רְתִּי לֹֽא־אֲגָרֵ֥שׁ אוֹתָ֖ם מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָי֤וּ לָכֶם֙ לְצִדִּ֔ים וֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And-also *ʾāmartî* not-*ʾăḡārēš* them from-before-you and-they-shall-be to-you for-*ṣiddîm* and-*ʾĕlōhêhem* they-shall-be to-you for-*môqēš*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I said", "*ʾăḡārēš*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will drive out", "*ṣiddîm*": "masculine plural noun - sides/adversaries", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*môqēš*": "masculine singular noun - snare/trap" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/spoke/declared", "*ʾăḡārēš*": "I will drive out/expel/cast out", "*ṣiddîm*": "sides/adversaries/thorns in your sides", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their gods/deities", "*môqēš*": "snare/trap/stumbling block" } }
• Judg 3:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.3.1", "source": "וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃", "text": "And *ʾēlleh* the *gôyim* which *hinnîaḥ* *YHWH* to *nassôt* with-them *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt* all-which not-*yādĕʿû* *ʾēt* all-*milḥămôt* *kĕnāʿan*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and, connecting to previous narrative", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the nations/gentiles", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom/that", "*hinnîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - caused to rest/leave/remain", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*lĕnassôt*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to test/try", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with/by them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker, emphatic particle", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of/every", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yādĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they knew", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of/every", "*milḥămôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wars of", "*kĕnāʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan" }, "variants": { "*hinnîaḥ*": "left/allowed to remain/let stay", "*nassôt*": "test/try/prove", "*yādĕʿû*": "knew/experienced/were familiar with" } } 2 { "verseID": "Judges.3.2", "source": "רַ֗ק לְמַ֙עַן֙ דַּ֚עַת דֹּר֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְלַמְּדָ֖ם מִלְחָמָ֑ה רַ֥ק אֲשֶׁר־לְפָנִ֖ים לֹ֥א יְדָעֽוּם׃", "text": "Only for *lĕmaʿan* *daʿat* *dôrôt* *bĕnê*-*yiśrāʾēl*, to *lĕlammĕdām* *milḥāmāh*; only *ʾăšer*-before not *yĕdāʿûm*.", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only/just/surely", "*lĕmaʿan*": "preposition + noun - for the sake of/so that", "*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - knowing/knowledge of", "*dôrôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - generations of", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lĕlammĕdām*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to teach them", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*raq*": "adverb - only/just", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*lĕpānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - before/formerly", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕdāʿûm*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they knew them" }, "variants": { "*lĕmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/in order that", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/knowing/experience", "*lĕlammĕdām*": "to teach them/to train them", "*lĕpānîm*": "before/previously/formerly" } } 3 { "verseID": "Judges.3.3", "source": "חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְכָל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַצִּ֣ידֹנִ֔י וְהַ֣חִוִּ֔י יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַ֣ר הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן מֵהַר֙ בַּ֣עַל חֶרְמ֔וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת׃", "text": "Five *sarnê* *pĕlištîm* and all-the-*kĕnaʿănî* and-the-*ṣîdōnî* and-the-*ḥiwwî* *yōšēb* *har* the-*lĕbānôn* from-*har* *baʿal* *ḥermôn* until *lĕbôʾ* *ḥămāt*.", "grammar": { "*ḥămēšet*": "numeral, feminine construct - five of", "*sarnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lords/rulers of", "*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*ha-kĕnaʿănî*": "definite noun, gentilic singular - the Canaanite", "*wĕ-ha-ṣîdōnî*": "conjunction + definite noun, gentilic singular - and the Sidonian", "*wĕ-ha-ḥiwwî*": "conjunction + definite noun, gentilic singular - and the Hivite", "*yōšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling/inhabiting", "*har*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mountain of", "*ha-lĕbānôn*": "definite proper noun - the Lebanon", "*mē-har*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from mountain of", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal", "*ḥermôn*": "proper noun - Hermon", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*lĕbôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to coming/entrance of", "*ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath" }, "variants": { "*sarnê*": "lords/rulers/tyrants", "*yōšēb*": "dwelling/inhabiting/sitting", "*har*": "mountain/hill country", "*lĕbôʾ*": "entrance/coming/approach" } } 4 { "verseID": "Judges.3.4", "source": "וַֽיִּהְי֕וּ לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לָדַ֗עַת הֲיִשְׁמְעוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֖ם בְּיַד־מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "text": "And-*wayyihyû* to-*nassôt* with-them *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*, to-*lādaʿat* whether-*yišmĕʿû* *ʾet*-*miṣwōt* *YHWH* which-*ṣiwwāh* *ʾet*-*ʾăbôtām* by-hand-of-*mōšeh*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were/became", "*lĕnassôt*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to test/try", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with/by them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*hă*": "interrogative particle - whether", "*yišmĕʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would hear/obey", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbôtām*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*bĕyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by hand of/through", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses" }, "variants": { "*wayyihyû*": "and they were/became/existed", "*nassôt*": "test/try/prove", "*yišmĕʿû*": "hear/listen to/obey", "*bĕyad*": "by means of/through/by agency of" } }