2{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.2",
"source": "מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי",
"text": "*mah*-*bĕrî* *ûmah*-*bar*-*biṭnî* *ûmeh* *bar*-*nĕdārāy*",
"grammar": {
"*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*bĕrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my son",
"*ûmah*": "conjunction *wə* + interrogative pronoun - and what",
"*bar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*biṭnî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my womb",
"*ûmeh*": "conjunction *wə* + interrogative - and what",
"*bar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*nĕdārāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my vows"
},
"variants": {
"*bĕrî*": "my son/offspring",
"*bar*": "son/child",
"*biṭnî*": "my womb/body/inner being",
"*nĕdārāy*": "my vows/pledges/promises"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.3",
"source": "אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַנָּשִׁ֣ים חֵילֶ֑ךָ וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ לַֽמְח֥וֹת מְלָכִֽין",
"text": "*ʾal*-*tittēn* *lannāšîm* *ḥêlekā* *ûdĕrākêkā* *lamḥôt* *mĕlākîn*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tittēn*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you give",
"*lannāšîm*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + noun, feminine plural - to the women",
"*ḥêlekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your strength/wealth",
"*ûdĕrākêkā*": "conjunction *wə* + noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your ways",
"*lamḥôt*": "preposition *lə* + Qal infinitive construct - for destroying/wiping out",
"*mĕlākîn*": "noun, masculine plural - kings"
},
"variants": {
"*tittēn*": "give/hand over/deliver",
"*ḥêlekā*": "your strength/vigor/wealth/ability/power",
"*dĕrākêkā*": "your ways/paths/conduct/manner",
"*lamḥôt*": "for destroying/wiping out/erasing",
"*mĕlākîn*": "kings/rulers (Aramaic form)"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.4",
"source": "אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים ׀ לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים *או **אֵ֣י שֵׁכָֽר",
"text": "*ʾal* *lamlākîm* *Lĕmôʾēl* *ʾal* *lamlākîm* *šĕtô*-*yāyin* *ûlĕrôzĕnîm* *ʾê* *šēkār*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not",
"*lamlākîm*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - for the kings",
"*Lĕmôʾēl*": "proper name, masculine singular",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not",
"*lamlākîm*": "preposition *lə* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - for the kings",
"*šĕtô*": "Qal infinitive construct - to drink",
"*yāyin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine",
"*ûlĕrôzĕnîm*": "conjunction *wə* + preposition *lə* + noun, masculine plural - and for rulers",
"*ʾê*": "interrogative/exclamation particle - where/not",
"*šēkār*": "noun, masculine singular - strong drink/intoxicating drink"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾal*": "not/do not (prohibitive)",
"*Lĕmôʾēl*": "personal name meaning 'belonging to God'",
"*šĕtô*": "to drink/drinking of",
"*yāyin*": "wine/fermented grape drink",
"*rôzĕnîm*": "rulers/potentates/dignitaries",
"*ʾê*": "where is?/not (alternative reading *או* as 'or')",
"*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage/liquor"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Proverbs.31.5",
"source": "פֶּן־יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח מְחֻקָּ֑ק וִֽ֝ישַׁנֶּה דִּ֣ין כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֹֽנִי",
"text": "*pen*-*yišteh* *wĕyiškaḥ* *mĕḥuqqāq* *wîšanneh* *dîn* *kol*-*bĕnê*-*ʿōnî*",
"grammar": {
"*pen*": "conjunction - lest/so that not",
"*yišteh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he drinks",
"*wĕyiškaḥ*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and forgets",
"*mĕḥuqqāq*": "Pual participle masculine singular - what is decreed/statute/law",
"*wîšanneh*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and perverts/changes",
"*dîn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/cause of",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʿōnî*": "noun, masculine singular - affliction/poverty"
},
"variants": {
"*pen*": "lest/otherwise/so that not",
"*yišteh*": "he drinks/will drink",
"*yiškaḥ*": "he forgets/will forget",
"*mĕḥuqqāq*": "what is decreed/statute/law/ordinance",
"*yĕšanneh*": "he changes/perverts/alters",
"*dîn*": "judgment/legal claim/cause/rights",
"*bĕnê*-*ʿōnî*": "children of affliction/sons of poverty/the oppressed"
}
}