3{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.3",
"source": "אָרְחִ֣י וְרִבְעִ֣י זֵרִ֑יתָ וְֽכָל־דְּרָכַ֥י הִסְכַּֽנְתָּה׃",
"text": "*ʾārḥî* and-*ribʿî zērîtā* and-all-*dərākay hiskantâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾārḥî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my path",
"*ribʿî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my lying down",
"*zērîtā*": "verb, Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you winnow/examine",
"*dərākay*": "noun plural + 1st person singular suffix - my ways",
"*hiskantâ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you are familiar with"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾārḥî*": "my path/my way/my journey",
"*ribʿî*": "my lying down/my resting place",
"*zērîtā*": "winnow/examine thoroughly/sift",
"*dərākay*": "my ways/my paths/my habits",
"*hiskantâ*": "are familiar with/are acquainted with/know well"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.4",
"source": "כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין מִ֭לָּה בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑י הֵ֥ן יְ֝הוָ֗ה יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ׃",
"text": "For *ʾēyn millâ* in-*ləšônî*; behold, *YHWH yādaʿtâ kullâh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*millâ*": "noun, feminine singular - word",
"*ləšônî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix + preposition beth - in my tongue",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yādaʿtâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you know",
"*kullâh*": "noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - all of it"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾēyn*": "there is not/there exists not",
"*millâ*": "word/speech/utterance",
"*ləšônî*": "my tongue/my language/my speech",
"*yādaʿtâ*": "know/understand/perceive",
"*kullâh*": "all of it/entirety of it/the whole of it"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.5",
"source": "אָח֣וֹר וָקֶ֣דֶם צַרְתָּ֑נִי וַתָּ֖שֶׁת עָלַ֣י כַּפֶּֽכָה׃",
"text": "*ʾāḥôr wāqedem ṣartānî* and-*tāšet* upon-me *kappekâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb/noun - behind/backward",
"*wāqedem*": "conjunction + noun - and before/in front",
"*ṣartānî*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you hem in me/you surround me",
"*tāšet*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + waw consecutive - and you place/put",
"*kappekâ*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your palm/hand"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāḥôr*": "behind/backward/from behind",
"*qedem*": "before/in front/from the east",
"*ṣartānî*": "hem in me/surround me/besiege me/form me",
"*tāšet*": "place/put/lay",
"*kappekâ*": "your palm/your hand"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.6",
"source": "*פלאיה **פְּלִ֣יאָֽה דַ֣עַת מִמֶּ֑נִּי נִ֝שְׂגְּבָ֗ה לֹא־א֥וּכַֽל לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*pəlîʾâ daʿat* from-me; *niśgəbâ* not-*ʾûkal* to-it",
"grammar": {
"*pəlîʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - wonderful/marvelous/extraordinary",
"*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge",
"*niśgəbâ*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it is too high/lofty",
"*ʾûkal*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I am able"
},
"variants": {
"*pəlîʾâ*": "wonderful/marvelous/extraordinary/difficult",
"*daʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/insight",
"*niśgəbâ*": "too high/too lofty/inaccessible/beyond reach",
"*ʾûkal*": "am able/can attain/have power"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.7",
"source": "אָ֭נָ֥ה אֵלֵ֣ךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ וְ֝אָ֗נָה מִפָּנֶ֥יךָ אֶבְרָֽח׃",
"text": "*ʾānâ ʾēlēk* from-*rûḥekā* and-*ʾānâ* from-*pānêkā ʾebrāḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾānâ*": "interrogative adverb - where",
"*ʾēlēk*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I go",
"*rûḥekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition min - from your spirit",
"*pānêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix + preposition min - from your face/presence",
"*ʾebrāḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I flee"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾānâ*": "where/where to",
"*ʾēlēk*": "go/walk/proceed",
"*rûḥekā*": "your spirit/your breath/your wind",
"*pānêkā*": "your face/your presence",
"*ʾebrāḥ*": "flee/run away/escape"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.8",
"source": "אִם־אֶסַּ֣ק שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑תָּה וְאַצִּ֖יעָה שְּׁא֣וֹל הִנֶּֽךָּ׃",
"text": "If-*ʾessaq šāmayim* there *ʾāttâ*; and-*ʾaṣṣîʿâ šəʾôl hinnekā*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾessaq*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I ascend",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*ʾāttâ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you",
"*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I make my bed",
"*šəʾôl*": "noun, proper name - Sheol/underworld",
"*hinnekā*": "demonstrative particle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - behold you/there you are"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾessaq*": "ascend/go up/climb",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʾaṣṣîʿâ*": "make my bed/spread out my couch/lie down",
"*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/underworld/place of the dead",
"*hinnekā*": "behold you/there you are/you are present"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.9",
"source": "אֶשָּׂ֥א כַנְפֵי־שָׁ֑חַר אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗ה בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית יָֽם׃",
"text": "*ʾeśśāʾ kanpê-šāḥar*, *ʾeškənâ* in-*ʾaḥărît yām*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I take/lift",
"*kanpê-šāḥar*": "noun, feminine dual construct + noun - wings of dawn",
"*ʾeškənâ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I dwell",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end/extremity of",
"*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeśśāʾ*": "take/lift/carry",
"*kanpê-šāḥar*": "wings of dawn/wings of morning",
"*ʾeškənâ*": "dwell/settle/reside",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "end/extremity/farthest part",
"*yām*": "sea/ocean/west"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.10",
"source": "גַּם־שָׁ֭ם יָדְךָ֣ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "Even-there *yādəkā tanḥēnî* and-*tōʾaḥăzēnî yəmînekā*",
"grammar": {
"*yādəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*tanḥēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it leads me",
"*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it takes hold of me",
"*yəmînekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right hand"
},
"variants": {
"*yādəkā*": "your hand",
"*tanḥēnî*": "lead me/guide me/direct me",
"*tōʾaḥăzēnî*": "take hold of me/grasp me/seize me",
"*yəmînekā*": "your right hand/your right side"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.11",
"source": "וָ֭אֹמַר אַךְ־חֹ֣שֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה א֣וֹר בַּעֲדֵֽנִי׃",
"text": "And-*ʾōmar* surely-*ḥōšek yəšûpēnî*; and-*laylâ ʾôr baʿădēnî*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾōmar*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular + waw consecutive - and I say",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*yəšûpēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - it overwhelms me",
"*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light",
"*baʿădēnî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - around me/about me"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾōmar*": "say/speak/think",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*yəšûpēnî*": "overwhelm me/cover me/crush me/bruise me",
"*laylâ*": "night/nighttime",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight",
"*baʿădēnî*": "around me/about me/surrounding me"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.12",
"source": "גַּם־חֹשֶׁךְ֮ לֹֽא־יַחְשִׁ֢יךְ מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָ וְ֭לַיְלָה כַּיּ֣וֹם יָאִ֑יר כַּ֝חֲשֵׁיכָ֗ה כָּאוֹרָֽה׃",
"text": "Even-*ḥōšek* not-*yaḥšîk* from-you, and-*laylâ kayyôm yāʾîr*; *kaḥăšêkâ kāʾôrâ*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*yaḥšîk*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it darkens/hides",
"*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the day",
"*yāʾîr*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it shines/gives light",
"*kaḥăšêkâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - as the darkness",
"*kāʾôrâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - as the light"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥšîk*": "darkens/hides/conceals",
"*yāʾîr*": "shines/gives light/illuminates",
"*kaḥăšêkâ*": "as the darkness/like the darkness",
"*kāʾôrâ*": "as the light/like the light"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.13",
"source": "כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה קָנִ֣יתָ כִלְיֹתָ֑י תְּ֝סֻכֵּ֗נִי בְּבֶ֣טֶן אִמִּֽי׃",
"text": "For-*ʾattâ qānîtā* my-*kilyōtāy*; *təsukkēnî* in-*beṭen ʾimmî*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattâ*": "independent personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you",
"*qānîtā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you created/formed/possessed",
"*kilyōtāy*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my kidneys/inward parts",
"*təsukkēnî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - you knit me together",
"*beṭen*": "noun, feminine singular construct - womb of",
"*ʾimmî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my mother"
},
"variants": {
"*qānîtā*": "created/formed/possessed/acquired",
"*kilyōtāy*": "my kidneys/my inward parts/my innermost being",
"*təsukkēnî*": "knit me together/weave me/cover me/protect me",
"*beṭen*": "womb/belly/body"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.14",
"source": "אֽוֹדְךָ֗ עַ֤ל כִּ֥י נוֹרָא֗וֹת נִ֫פְלֵ֥יתִי נִפְלָאִ֥ים מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יֹדַ֥עַת מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "*ʾôdəkā* on that *nôrāʾôt niplêtî*; *niplāʾîm maʿăśekā*, and-*napšî yōdaʿat* exceedingly",
"grammar": {
"*ʾôdəkā*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I praise you",
"*nôrāʾôt*": "verb, Niphal participle feminine plural - fearfully/awesomely",
"*niplêtî*": "verb, Niphal perfect 1st person singular - I am wonderfully made",
"*niplāʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wonderful/marvelous",
"*maʿăśekā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your works",
"*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my soul",
"*yōdaʿat*": "verb, Qal participle feminine singular - knowing"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôdəkā*": "praise you/thank you/acknowledge you",
"*nôrāʾôt*": "fearfully/awesomely/wonderfully",
"*niplêtî*": "wonderfully made/set apart/distinguished",
"*niplāʾîm*": "wonderful/marvelous/extraordinary",
"*maʿăśekā*": "your works/your deeds/your actions",
"*napšî*": "my soul/my self/my being/my life",
"*yōdaʿat*": "knowing/aware/conscious"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.15",
"source": "לֹא־נִכְחַ֥ד עָצְמִ֗י מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָּ אֲשֶׁר־עֻשֵּׂ֥יתִי בַסֵּ֑תֶר רֻ֝קַּ֗מְתִּי בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹת אָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "Not-*nikḥad ʿāṣmî* from-you when-*ʿuśśêtî bassēter*; *ruqqamtî* in-*taḥtiyyôt ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*nikḥad*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it was hidden",
"*ʿāṣmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my bone/frame/substance",
"*ʿuśśêtî*": "verb, Pual perfect 1st person singular - I was made",
"*bassēter*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the secret place",
"*ruqqamtî*": "verb, Pual perfect 1st person singular - I was skillfully wrought/embroidered",
"*taḥtiyyôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - depths of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth"
},
"variants": {
"*nikḥad*": "hidden/concealed/kept secret",
"*ʿāṣmî*": "my bone/my frame/my substance/my strength",
"*ʿuśśêtî*": "made/formed/created",
"*bassēter*": "in secret/in the hidden place/in privacy",
"*ruqqamtî*": "skillfully wrought/embroidered/woven together",
"*taḥtiyyôt*": "depths/lowest parts",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.16",
"source": "גָּלְמִ֤י ׀ רָ֘א֤וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְעַֽל־סִפְרְךָ֮ כֻּלָּ֢ם יִכָּ֫תֵ֥בוּ יָמִ֥ים יֻצָּ֑רוּ *ולא **וְל֖וֹ אֶחָ֣ד בָּהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*gālmî rāʾû ʿênêkā* and-upon-*siprəkā kullām yikkātēbû yāmîm yuṣṣārû* and-not/and-to-him *ʾeḥād bāhem*",
"grammar": {
"*gālmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my unformed substance/embryo",
"*rāʾû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they saw",
"*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes",
"*siprəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your book",
"*kullām*": "noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - all of them",
"*yikkātēbû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they were written",
"*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days",
"*yuṣṣārû*": "verb, Pual perfect 3rd person common plural - they were formed",
"*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in/among them"
},
"variants": {
"*gālmî*": "my unformed substance/my embryo/my developing body",
"*rāʾû*": "saw/perceived/observed",
"*siprəkā*": "your book/your scroll/your record",
"*yikkātēbû*": "were written/were recorded",
"*yāmîm*": "days/time",
"*yuṣṣārû*": "were formed/were fashioned/were ordained",
"*ʾeḥād*": "one/single/first",
"*wəlōʾ*": "and not/though not",
"*wəlô*": "and to him/yet for him"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.17",
"source": "וְלִ֗י מַה־יָּקְר֣וּ רֵעֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑ל מֶ֥ה עָ֝צְמוּ רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And-to-me how-*yāqrû rēʿêkā ʾēl*; how *ʿāṣmû rāʾšêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*yāqrû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are precious",
"*rēʿêkā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your thoughts",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God",
"*ʿāṣmû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they are numerous",
"*rāʾšêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sum"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqrû*": "precious/valuable/weighty",
"*rēʿêkā*": "your thoughts/your companions/your friends",
"*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one",
"*ʿāṣmû*": "numerous/mighty/vast",
"*rāʾšêhem*": "their sum/their total/their chief parts"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Psalms.139.18",
"source": "אֶ֭סְפְּרֵם מֵח֣וֹל יִרְבּ֑וּן הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִי וְעוֹדִ֥י עִמָּֽךְ׃",
"text": "*ʾesppərēm* from-*ḥôl yirbûn*; *hĕqîṣōtî* and-*ʿôdî ʿimmāk*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾesppərēm*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I count them",
"*ḥôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sand",
"*yirbûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they are more numerous",
"*hĕqîṣōtî*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - I awake",
"*ʿôdî*": "adverb + 1st person singular suffix - still I",
"*ʿimmāk*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾesppərēm*": "count them/enumerate them/recount them",
"*ḥôl*": "sand/seashore",
"*yirbûn*": "more numerous/multiply/increase",
"*hĕqîṣōtî*": "awake/wake up/arise",
"*ʿôdî*": "still I/yet I/continuously I"
}
}