1 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֣חַ אַל־תַּ֭שְׁחֵת לְדָוִ֣ד מִכְתָּ֑ם בְּבָרְח֥וֹ מִפְּנֵי־שָׁ֝א֗וּל בַּמְּעָרֽ͏ָה", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* upon *ʾal-tašḥēt*, to *dāwid* *miktām*, in his *bārḥō* from *pənê-šāʾûl* in the *məʿārâ*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "noun with preposition lamed, masculine singular - to the choirmaster/director/chief musician", "*ʾal-tašḥēt*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect 2ms - 'do not destroy'", "*dāwid*": "proper noun with preposition lamed - to/for/of David", "*miktām*": "noun, masculine singular - possibly a musical or literary term; unclear meaning", "*bārḥō*": "infinitive construct with preposition bet and 3ms suffix - in his fleeing", "*pənê-šāʾûl*": "construct noun + proper noun with preposition min - from the face/presence of Saul", "*məʿārâ*": "noun with preposition bet, feminine singular - in the cave" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "chief musician/choirmaster/director of music", "*ʾal-tašḥēt*": "Do not destroy (possibly name of melody or tune)", "*miktām*": "golden psalm/inscription/poem (meaning uncertain, possibly a musical or literary designation)", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before" } }

2 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.2", "source": "חָנֵּ֤נִי אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ חָנֵּ֗נִי כִּ֥י בְךָ֮ חָסָ֢יָה נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י וּבְצֵֽל־כְּנָפֶ֥יךָ אֶחְסֶ֑ה עַ֝֗ד יַעֲבֹ֥ר הַוּֽוֹת", "text": "*ḥānnēnî* *ʾělōhîm* *ḥānnēnî* *kî* in you *ḥāsāyâ* *napšî* and-in-*ṣēl*-*kənāpeykā* *ʾeḥsê* until *yaʿăbōr* *hawwôt*", "grammar": { "*ḥānnēnî*": "verb, Qal imperative with 1cs suffix - be gracious to me", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (divine plural) - God", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥāsāyâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 3fs - she takes refuge", "*napšî*": "noun with 1cs possessive suffix - my soul", "*ṣēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shadow/shelter", "*kənāpeykā*": "noun with 2ms possessive suffix - your wings", "*ʾeḥsê*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1cs - I will take refuge", "*yaʿăbōr*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3ms - it passes/passes over", "*hawwôt*": "noun, feminine plural - calamities/destructions/disasters" }, "variants": { "*ḥānan*": "be gracious/show mercy/be compassionate", "*ḥāsâ*": "seek refuge/seek shelter/trust", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/inner being/self", "*ṣēl*": "shadow/shelter/protection", "*kānāp*": "wing/extremity/edge", "*hawwâ*": "calamity/destruction/disaster" } }

3 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.3", "source": "אֶ֭קְרָא לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן לָ֝אֵ֗ל גֹּמֵ֥ר עָלָֽי", "text": "*ʾeqrāʾ* to-*ʾělōhîm* *ʿelyôn* to-*ʾēl* *gōmēr* *ʿālāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1cs - I will call", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition lamed - to God", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition lamed - to God", "*gōmēr*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - completing/fulfilling/performing", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - upon me/concerning me" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "call/cry out/summon", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/highest", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity", "*gāmar*": "complete/fulfill/perform/accomplish", "*ʿālāy*": "for me/on my behalf/concerning me" } }

4 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.4", "source": "יִשְׁלַ֤ח מִשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וְֽיוֹשִׁיעֵ֗נִי חֵרֵ֣ף שֹׁאֲפִ֣י סֶ֑לָה יִשְׁלַ֥ח אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים חַסְדּ֥וֹ וַאֲמִתּֽוֹ", "text": "*yišlaḥ* from-*šāmayim* and-*yôšîʿēnî* *ḥērēp* *šōʾăpî* *selâ* *yišlaḥ* *ʾělōhîm* *ḥasdô* and-*ʾămittô*", "grammar": { "*yišlaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3ms - he will send", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual with preposition min - from heaven", "*yôšîʿēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 3ms with 1cs suffix - he will save me", "*ḥērēp*": "verb, Piel perfect 3ms - he reproached/taunted", "*šōʾăpî*": "verb, Qal participle masculine plural construct with 1cs suffix - those who pant after me", "*selâ*": "musical notation - possibly pause/interlude", "*ḥasdô*": "noun with 3ms suffix - his lovingkindness", "*ʾămittô*": "noun with 3ms suffix - his truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "send/stretch out", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*yāšaʿ*": "save/deliver/rescue", "*ḥārēp*": "reproach/taunt/defy", "*šāʾap*": "pant after/snatch at/crush/trample", "*selâ*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (meaning uncertain)", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/loyalty", "*ʾěmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability" } }

5 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.5", "source": "נַפְשִׁ֤י ׀ בְּת֥וֹךְ לְבָאִם֮ אֶשְׁכְּבָ֢ה לֹ֫הֲטִ֥ים בְּֽנֵי־אָדָ֗ם שִׁ֭נֵּיהֶם חֲנִ֣ית וְחִצִּ֑ים וּ֝לְשׁוֹנָ֗ם חֶ֣רֶב חַדָּֽה", "text": "*napšî* in-midst *ləbāʾim* *ʾeškəbâ* *lōhăṭîm* *bənê-ʾādām* *šinnêhem* *ḥănît* and-*ḥiṣṣîm* and-*ləšônām* *ḥereb* *ḥaddâ*", "grammar": { "*napšî*": "noun with 1cs suffix - my soul", "*ləbāʾim*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition bet - among lions", "*ʾeškəbâ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1cs cohortative - let me lie down", "*lōhăṭîm*": "verb, Qal participle masculine plural - flaming/burning ones", "*bənê-ʾādām*": "construct noun + noun - sons of man/mankind", "*šinnêhem*": "noun with 3mp suffix - their teeth", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - arrows", "*ləšônām*": "noun with 3mp suffix - their tongue", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥaddâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - sharp" }, "variants": { "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self", "*lābîʾ*": "lion", "*šākab*": "lie down/rest", "*lāhaṭ*": "flame/burn/devour", "*bənê-ʾādām*": "sons of man/humanity/people", "*šēn*": "tooth", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin", "*ḥēṣ*": "arrow", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife", "*ḥad*": "sharp/keen" } }

6 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.6", "source": "ר֣וּמָה עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים עַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ", "text": "*rûmâ* upon-the-*šāmayim* *ʾělōhîm* upon *kol*-the-*ʾāreṣ* *kəbôdekā*", "grammar": { "*rûmâ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular with cohortative he - be exalted", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual with definite article and preposition al - above the heavens", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (divine plural) - God", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth", "*kəbôdekā*": "noun with 2ms suffix - your glory" }, "variants": { "*rûm*": "rise/be exalted/be lifted up", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*kol*": "all/every/whole", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/dignity" } }

7 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.7", "source": "רֶ֤שֶׁת ׀ הֵכִ֣ינוּ לִפְעָמַי֮ כָּפַ֢ף נַ֫פְשִׁ֥י כָּר֣וּ לְפָנַ֣י שִׁיחָ֑ה נָפְל֖וּ בְתוֹכָ֣הּ סֶֽלָה", "text": "*rešet* *hēkînû* for-*pəʿāmay* *kāpap* *napšî* *kārû* before-me *šîḥâ* *nāplû* in-*tôkāh* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*rešet*": "noun, feminine singular - net/trap", "*hēkînû*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 3cp - they prepared", "*pəʿāmay*": "noun with 1cs suffix and preposition lamed - for my steps", "*kāpap*": "verb, Qal perfect 3ms - he bowed down", "*napšî*": "noun with 1cs suffix - my soul", "*kārû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3cp - they dug", "*šîḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - pit", "*nāplû*": "verb, Qal perfect 3cp - they fell", "*tôkāh*": "noun with 3fs suffix and preposition bet - into the midst of it", "*selâ*": "musical notation - possibly pause/interlude" }, "variants": { "*rešet*": "net/trap/snare", "*kûn*": "establish/prepare/fix/set up", "*paʿam*": "step/footstep/time", "*kāpap*": "bow down/bend/humble", "*kārâ*": "dig/excavate", "*šîaḥ*": "pit/trap", "*nāpal*": "fall/lie", "*tāwek*": "midst/middle", "*selâ*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (meaning uncertain)" } }

8 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.8", "source": "נָ֘כ֤וֹן לִבִּ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים נָכ֣וֹן לִבִּ֑י אָ֝שִׁ֗ירָה וַאֲזַמֵּֽרָה", "text": "*nākôn* *libbî* *ʾělōhîm* *nākôn* *libbî* *ʾāšîrâ* and-*ʾăzammērâ*", "grammar": { "*nākôn*": "verb, Niphal participle masculine singular - established/steadfast/fixed", "*libbî*": "noun with 1cs suffix - my heart", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (divine plural) - God", "*ʾāšîrâ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 1cs cohortative - let me sing", "*ʾăzammērâ*": "verb, Piel imperfect 1cs cohortative with vav consecutive - and let me make music" }, "variants": { "*kûn*": "establish/be firm/be stable/be ready", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*šîr*": "sing/chant", "*zāmar*": "make music/sing praises/play instrument" } }

9 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.9", "source": "ע֤וּרָה כְבוֹדִ֗י ע֭וּרָ֥ה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר", "text": "*ʿûrâ* *kəbôdî* *ʿûrâ* the-*nēbel* and-*kinnôr* *ʾāʿîrâ* *šāḥar*", "grammar": { "*ʿûrâ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular with cohortative he - awake", "*kəbôdî*": "noun with 1cs suffix - my glory", "*nēbel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the harp/lute", "*kinnôr*": "noun, masculine singular with conjunction vav - and lyre", "*ʾāʿîrâ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1cs cohortative - I will awaken", "*šāḥar*": "noun, masculine singular - dawn" }, "variants": { "*ʿûr*": "awake/rouse oneself", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/my soul (poetic usage)", "*nēbel*": "harp/lute/string instrument", "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*ʿûr*": "awaken/rouse/stir up", "*šāḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning" } }

10 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.10", "source": "אוֹדְךָ֖ בָעַמִּ֥ים ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י אֲ֝זַמֶּרְךָ֗ בַּל־אֻמִּֽים", "text": "*ʾôdəkā* among-the-*ʿammîm* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾăzammerkā* among-*bal*-*ʾummîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾôdəkā*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect 1cs with 2ms suffix - I will praise you", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition bet and definite article - among the peoples", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1cs suffix - my Lord (divine title)", "*ʾăzammerkā*": "verb, Piel imperfect 1cs with 2ms suffix - I will sing praises to you", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾummîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition bet - among nations" }, "variants": { "*yādâ*": "praise/thank/confess", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord/Lord (divine title)", "*zāmar*": "make music/sing praise", "*bal*": "particle of negation (used here as emphatic, not negative)", "*ʾummâ*": "people/nation/tribe" } }

11 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.11", "source": "כִּֽי־גָדֹ֣ל עַד־שָׁמַ֣יִם חַסְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽעַד־שְׁחָקִ֥ים אֲמִתֶּֽךָ", "text": "*kî*-*gādōl* unto-*šāmayim* *ḥasdekā* and-unto-*šəḥāqîm* *ʾămittekā*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gādōl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual with preposition ad - unto the heavens", "*ḥasdekā*": "noun with 2ms suffix - your lovingkindness", "*šəḥāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition ad - unto the clouds/skies", "*ʾămittekā*": "noun with 2ms suffix - your truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*gādōl*": "great/large/important", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/loyalty", "*šəḥāqîm*": "clouds/skies/heavens", "*ʾěmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability" } }

12 { "verseID": "Psalms.57.12", "source": "ר֣וּמָה עַל־שָׁמַ֣יִם אֱלֹהִ֑ים עַ֖ל כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ", "text": "*rûmâ* upon-*šāmayim* *ʾělōhîm* upon *kol*-the-*ʾāreṣ* *kəbôdekā*", "grammar": { "*rûmâ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular with cohortative he - be exalted", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual with preposition al - above the heavens", "*ʾělōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (divine plural) - God", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth", "*kəbôdekā*": "noun with 2ms suffix - your glory" }, "variants": { "*rûm*": "rise/be exalted/be lifted up", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*kol*": "all/every/whole", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/dignity" } }