14 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.14",
"source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃",
"text": "And he *wayyanḥēm* in *beʿānān* by *yômām* and all-*wᵉḵāl*-the *hallaylâ* in light of *bᵉʾôr* *ʾēš*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyanḥēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he led them",
"*beʿānān*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with/by a cloud",
"*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daily",
"*wᵉḵāl*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct - and all of",
"*hallaylâ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night",
"*bᵉʾôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in/with light of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyanḥēm*": "and he led them/guided them",
"*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass",
"*yômām*": "by day/daily/daytime",
"*ʾôr*": "light/illumination/brightness",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.15",
"source": "יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃",
"text": "He *yᵉḇaqqaʿ* *ṣûrîm* in the *bammiḏbār* and he *wayyašq* like *kitᵉhōmôt* *rabbâ*",
"grammar": {
"*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he split/broke open",
"*ṣûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rocks",
"*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert",
"*wayyašq*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave drink",
"*kitᵉhōmôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - like depths/deep places",
"*rabbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/many/abundant"
},
"variants": {
"*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "split/broke open/cleaved/divided",
"*ṣûrîm*": "rocks/cliffs/rocky places",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*wayyašq*": "and he gave drink/caused to drink/watered",
"*tᵉhōmôt*": "depths/deep places/abysses/oceans",
"*rabbâ*": "great/many/abundant/plentiful"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.16",
"source": "וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And he *wayyôṣiʾ* *nôzᵉlîm* from *missālaʿ* and he caused to run down *wayyôreḏ* like the *kannᵉhārôt* *māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyôṣiʾ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out",
"*nôzᵉlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - flowing streams",
"*missālaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from rock/cliff",
"*wayyôreḏ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to run down",
"*kannᵉhārôt*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - like the rivers",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyôṣiʾ*": "and he brought out/caused to come forth/produced",
"*nôzᵉlîm*": "flowing streams/flowing things/floods",
"*sālaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag",
"*wayyôreḏ*": "and he caused to run down/sent down/made flow",
"*nᵉhārôt*": "rivers/streams/flowing waters"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.17",
"source": "וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֖[d]וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃",
"text": "And they *wayyôsîp̄û* *ʿôḏ* to sin against-*laḥăṭōʾ*-him to rebel against *lamrôt* *ʿelyôn* in the *baṣṣiyyâ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyôsîp̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they continued/added",
"*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet/again",
"*laḥăṭōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sin against",
"*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him",
"*lamrôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to rebel against/provoke",
"*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High",
"*baṣṣiyyâ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the dry/parched region"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyôsîp̄û*": "and they continued/added/increased/did more",
"*laḥăṭōʾ*": "to sin against/offend/miss the mark",
"*lamrôt*": "to rebel against/provoke/be contentious with",
"*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "dry region/parched land/desert"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.18",
"source": "וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃",
"text": "And they *wayᵉnassû*-*ʾēl* in their *bilḇāḇām* to ask-*lišʾāl*-*ʾōḵel* for their *lᵉnap̄šām*",
"grammar": {
"*wayᵉnassû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they tested/tried",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God",
"*bilḇāḇām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their heart",
"*lišʾāl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ask/request",
"*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food",
"*lᵉnap̄šām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for their appetite/desire"
},
"variants": {
"*wayᵉnassû*": "and they tested/tried/put to the test",
"*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power",
"*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person",
"*lišʾāl*": "to ask/request/demand",
"*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/provisions",
"*nep̄eš*": "appetite/desire/life/self/person"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.19",
"source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "And they *wayᵉḏabbᵉrû* against *bēʾlōhîm* they *ʾāmᵉrû* is *hăyûḵal* *ʾēl* to prepare *laʿărōḵ* *šulḥān* in the *bammiḏbār*",
"grammar": {
"*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they spoke",
"*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - against God",
"*ʾāmᵉrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they said",
"*hăyûḵal*": "interrogative + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is able",
"*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God",
"*laʿărōḵ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to prepare/arrange",
"*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular - table",
"*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert"
},
"variants": {
"*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "and they spoke/talked/said",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges",
"*hăyûḵal*": "is able/can/is capable",
"*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power",
"*laʿărōḵ*": "to prepare/arrange/set in order",
"*šulḥān*": "table/meal/feast",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Psalms.78.20",
"source": "הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֢ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Behold *hēn* he struck-*hikkâ*-*ṣûr* and *wayyāzûḇû* *mayim* and *ûnᵉḥālîm* *yišṭōp̄û* is also-*hăḡam*-*leḥem* he *yûḵal* *tēt* if-*ʾim*-he can prepare *yāḵîn* *šᵉʾēr* for his *lᵉʿammô*",
"grammar": {
"*hēn*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he struck",
"*ṣûr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock",
"*wayyāzûḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they gushed out",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters",
"*ûnᵉḥālîm*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine plural - and streams/wadis",
"*yišṭōp̄û*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they overflow/flood",
"*hăḡam*": "interrogative + adverb - is also/even",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food",
"*yûḵal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able",
"*tēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*yāḵîn*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he can prepare",
"*šᵉʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular - meat/flesh/food",
"*lᵉʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his people"
},
"variants": {
"*hikkâ*": "struck/smote/hit",
"*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/crag",
"*wayyāzûḇû*": "and they gushed out/flowed freely",
"*nᵉḥālîm*": "streams/wadis/torrents",
"*yišṭōp̄û*": "they overflow/flood/rush",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain",
"*yûḵal*": "he is able/can/is capable",
"*tēt*": "to give/grant/place",
"*yāḵîn*": "he can prepare/provide/make ready",
"*šᵉʾēr*": "meat/flesh/food"
}
}