Joel 3:19

Geneva Bible (1560)

Egypt shalbe waste, and Edom shall be a desolate wildernesse, for the iniuries of the childre of Iudah, because they haue shed innocent blood in their land.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וֶאֱד֕וֹם לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֑ה מֵֽחֲמַס֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפְכ֥וּ דָם־נָקִ֖יא בְּאַרְצָֽם

Transliteration

Miṣrayim to-šəmāmāh ṯihyeh and-ʾĕḏôm to-miḏbar šəmāmāh tihyeh from-ḥămas bənê yəhûḏāh which-šāp̄əḵû dām-nāqî in-ʾarṣām

Grammar Details

• *miṣrayim*: proper noun - Egypt
• *lišəmāmāh*: preposition + feminine singular noun - to a desolation
• *ṯihyeh*: qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be
• *weʾĕḏôm*: conjunction + proper noun - and Edom
• *ləmiḏbar*: preposition + masculine singular construct - to a wilderness of
• *šəmāmāh*: feminine singular noun - desolation
• *tihyeh*: qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be
• *mēḥămas*: preposition + masculine singular construct - because of the violence of
• *bənê*: masculine plural construct - sons/children of
• *yəhûḏāh*: proper noun - Judah
• *ʾăšer*: relative particle - who/which
• *šāp̄əḵû*: qal perfect 3rd person plural - they shed
• *dām-nāqî*: masculine singular noun + adjective masculine singular - innocent blood
• *bəʾarṣām*: preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their land

Word Meanings

• *šəmāmāh*: desolation/waste/desert
• *miḏbar šəmāmāh*: desolate wilderness/desert wasteland
• *ḥămas*: violence/wrong
• *šāp̄əḵû*: shed/poured out
• *dām-nāqî*: innocent blood/blood of the innocent

Referenced Verses

• Isa 19:1-9 : 1 The burden of Egypt. Beholde, the Lord rideth vpon a swift cloude, and shall come into Egypt, and the idoles of Egypt shall be moued at his presence, and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the middes of her. 2 And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: so euery one shall fight against his brother, and euery one against his neighbour, citie against citie, and kingdome against kingdome. 3 And the spirite of Egypt shall faile in the middes of her, and I will destroy their counsell, and they shall seeke at the idoles, and at the sorcerers, and at them that haue spirits of diuination, and at the southsayers. 4 And I will deliuer the Egyptians into the hand of the cruell Lordes, & a mightie King shall rule ouer them, sayth the Lord God of hostes. 5 Then the waters of the sea shall faile, and the riuers shall be dryed vp, and wasted. 6 And the riuers shall goe farre away: the riuers of defence shalbe emptied and dryed vp: the reedes and flagges shall be cut downe. 7 The grasse in the riuer, and at the head of the riuers, and all that groweth by the riuer, shall wither, and be driuen away, and be no more. 8 The fishers also shall mourne, and all they that cast angle into the riuer, shall lament, and they that spread their nette vpon the waters, shall be weakened. 9 Moreouer, they that worke in flaxe of diuers sortes, shall be confounded, and they that weaue nettes. 10 For their nettes shalbe broken, and all they, that make pondes, shalbe heauie in heart. 11 Surely the princes of Zoan are fooles: the counsell of the wise counselers of Pharaoh is become foolish: how say ye vnto Pharaoh, I am the sonne of the wise? I am the sonne of the ancient Kings? 12 Where are nowe thy wise men, that they may tell thee, or may knowe what the Lorde of hostes hath determined against Egypt? 13 The princes of Zoan are become fooles: the princes of Noph are deceiued, they haue deceiued Egypt, euen the corners of the tribes thereof. 14 The Lorde hath mingled among them the spirite of errours: and they haue caused Egypt to erre in euery worke thereof, as a drunken man erreth in his vomite. 15 Neither shall there be any worke in Egypt, which the head may doe, nor the tayle, ye branch nor the rush.
• Isa 34:1-9 : 1 Come neere, ye nations and heare, and hearken, ye people: let the earth heare and all that is therein, the world & al that proceedeth thereof. 2 For the indignation of the Lord is vpon all nations, and his wrath vpon all their armies: hee hath destroyed them and deliuered them to the slaughter. 3 And their slaine shalbe cast out, and their stincke shall come vp out of their bodies, and the mountaines shalbe melted with their blood. 4 And all the hoste of heauen shalbe dissolued, and the heauens shall be folden like a booke: and all their hostes shall fall as the leafe falleth from the vine, and as it falleth from the figtree. 5 For my sword shalbe drunken in the heauen: beholde, it shall come downe vpon Edom, euen vpo the people of my curse to iudgement. 6 The sword of the Lord is filled with blood: it is made fat with the fat & with the blood of the lambes & the goates, with the fat of the kidneis of the rams: for the Lord hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Edom. 7 And the vnicorne shall come downe with them and the heiffers with the bulles, and their lande shalbe drunken with blood, and their dust made fat with fatnesse. 8 For it is the day of the Lordes vengeance, and the yeere of recompence for the iudgement of Zion. 9 And the riuers thereof shall be turned into pitche, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shalbe burning pitch. 10 It shal not be quenched night nor day: the smoke thereof shall goe vp euermore: it shall be desolate from generation to generation: none shall passe through it for euer. 11 But the pelicane and the hedgehog shall possesse it, and the great owle, and the rauen shall dwel in it, and he shall stretch out vpon it the line of vanitie, and the stones of emptinesse. 12 The nobles thereof shal call to the kingdome, and there shalbe none, and all the princes thereof shalbe as nothing. 13 And it shall bring foorth thornes in the palaces thereof, nettles and thistles in the strong holdes thereof, and it shall be an habitation for dragons, and a court for ostriches. 14 There shall meete also Ziim and Iim, and the Satyre shall cry to his fellow, and the shricheowle shall rest there, and shall finde for her selfe a quiet dwelling. 15 There shall the owle make her nest, and laye, and hatche, and gather them vnder her shadowe: there shall the vultures also bee gathered, euery one with her make. 16 Seeke in the booke of the Lord, and reade: none of these shall fayle, none shall want her make: for his mouth hath commaunded, and his very Spirit hath gathered them. 17 And he hath cast the lot for them, and his hand hath deuided it vnto them by line: they shal possesse it for euer: from generation to generation shall they dwell in it.
• Isa 63:1-6 : 1 Who is this that commeth from Edom, with red garments from Bozrah? hee is glorious in his apparel and walketh in his great strength: I speake in righteousnesse, and am mightie to saue. 2 Wherefore is thine apparel red, and thy garments like him that treadeth in ye wine presse? 3 I haue troden the wine presse alone, and of all people there was none with mee: for I will treade them in mine anger, and tread them vnder foote in my wrath, and their blood shalbe sprinkled vpon my garments, and I will staine all my raiment. 4 For the day of vengeance is in mine heart, and the yeere of my redeemed is come. 5 And I looked, and there was none to helpe, and I wondered that there was none to vpholde: therefore mine owne arme helped me, and my wrath it selfe sustained me. 6 Therefore I wil tread downe the people in my wrath, and make them drunken in mine indignation, and wil bring downe their strength to the earth.
• Jer 49:17 : 17 Also Edom shall be desolate: euery one that goeth by it, shall be astonished, and shal hisse at all the plagues thereof,
• Jer 51:35 : 35 The spoyle of me, and that which was left of me, is brought vnto Babel, shall the inhabitant of Zion say: and my blood vnto the inhabitantes of Caldea, shal Ierusalem say.
• Lam 4:21 : 21 Reioyce and be glad, O daughter Edom, that dwellest in the lande of Vz, the cuppe also shal passe through vnto thee: thou shalt be drunken and vomit.
• Ezek 25:1-9 : 1 The worde of the Lord came againe vnto me, saying, 2 Sonne of man, set thy face against the Ammonites, and prophecie against them, 3 And say vnto the Ammonites, Heare the word of the Lord God, Thus saith the Lord God, Because thou saydest, Ha, ha, against my Sanctuarie, when it was polluted, and against the land of Israel, when it was desolate, and against the house of Iudah, when they went into captiuitie, 4 Beholde, therefore I will deliuer thee to the men of the East for a possession, and they shall set their palaces in thee, & make their dwellings in thee: they shall eate thy fruite, and they shall drinke thy milke. 5 And I will make Rabbah a dwelling place for camels, and the Ammonites a sheepecote, and ye shall knowe that I am the Lord. 6 For thus saith the Lord God, Because thou hast clapped the hands, and stamped with the feete, and reioyced in heart with all thy despite against the land of Israel, 7 Beholde, therefore I will stretche out mine hand vpon thee, and will deliuer thee to be spoyled of the heathen, and I will roote thee out from the people, and I will cause thee to be destroyed out of the countreys, and I will destroy thee, and thou shalt know that I am the Lord. 8 Thus saith the Lord God, Because that Moab and Seir doe say, Beholde, the house of Iudah is like vnto all the heathen, 9 Therefore, beholde, I will open the side of Moab, euen of the cities of his cities, I say, in his frontiers with the pleasant countrey, Beth-ieshimoth, Baal-meon, and Karia-thaim. 10 I will call the men of the East against the Ammonites, and will giue them in possession, so that the Ammonites shal no more be remembred among the nations, 11 And I will execute iudgements vpon Moab, and they shall knowe that I am the Lord. 12 Thus sayth the Lorde God, Because that Edom hath done euill by taking vengeance vpon the house of Iudah, and hath committed great offence, and reuenged himselfe vpon them, 13 Therefore thus saith the Lorde God, I will also stretch out mine hand vpon Edom, and destroy man and beast out of it, and I will make it desolate from Teman, and they of Dedan shall fall by the sworde. 14 And I will execute my vengeance vpon Edom by the hand of my people Israel, and they shall doe in Edom according to mine anger, and according to mine indignation, & they shall know my vengeance, sayth the Lord God. 15 Thus sayth the Lord God, Because the Philistims haue executed vengeance, and reuenged themselues with a despitefull heart, to destroy it for the olde hatred, 16 Therefore thus sayth the Lorde God, Behold, I will stretche out mine hand vpon the Philistims, and I will cut off the Cherethims, and destroy the remnant of the sea coast. 17 And I will execute great vengeance vpon them with rebukes of mine indignation, and they shall knowe that I am the Lorde, when I shall lay my vengeance vpon them.
• Ezek 35:1-9 : 1 Moreouer the worde of the Lorde came vnto me, saying, 2 Sonne of man, Set thy face against mount Seir, and prophesie against it, 3 And say vnto it, Thus sayth the Lord God, Behold, O mount Seir, I come against thee, and I wil stretch out mine hand against thee, and I will make thee desolate and waste. 4 I wil lay thy cities waste, and thou shalt be desolate, & thou shalt knowe that I am the Lord. 5 Because thou hast had a perpetuall hatred and hast put the children of Israel to flight by the force of the sword in the time of their calamitie, when their iniquitie had an ende, 6 Therefore as I liue, sayth the Lorde God, I wil prepare thee vnto blood, and blood shal pursue thee: except thou hate blood, euen blood shal pursue thee. 7 Thus will I make mount Seir desolate and waste, and cut off from it him that passeth out & him that returneth. 8 And I will fill his mountaines with his slayne men: in thine hilles, and in thy valleys and in all thy riuers shal they fall, that are slayne with the sworde. 9 I wil make thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not returne, and ye shall knowe that I am the Lord. 10 Because thou hast said, These two nations, and these two countreys shalbe mine, and we wil possesse them (seeing the Lord was there) 11 Therefore as I liue, sayth the Lorde God, I wil euen do according to thy wrath, and according to thine indignation which thou hast vsed in thine hatred against them: & I wil make my selfe knowen among them whe I haue iudged thee. 12 And thou shalt know, that I the Lord haue heard all thy blasphemies which thou hast spoken against the mountaines of Israel, saying, They lye waste, they are giuen vs to be deuoured. 13 Thus with your mouthes ye haue boasted against me, & haue multiplied your words against me: I haue heard them. 14 Thus sayth the Lorde God, So shall all the world reioyce when I shal make thee desolate. 15 As thou diddest reioyce at the inheritance of the house of Israel, because it was desolate, so will I doe vnto thee: thou shalt be desolate, O mount Seir, and all Idumea wholly, & they shall know, that I am the Lord.
• Amos 1:11-12 : 11 Thus sayeth the Lord, For three transgressions of Edom, and for foure, I will not turne to it, because hee did pursue his brother with the sworde, and did cast off all pitie, and his anger spoyled him euermore, and his wrath watched him alway. 12 Therefore will I send a fire vpon Teman, and it shall deuoure the palaces of Bozrah.
• Obad 1:1 : 1 The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lorde God against Edom, We haue heard a rumor fro the Lorde, and an ambassadour is sent among the heathen: arise, & let vs rise vp against her to battel.
• Obad 1:10-16 : 10 For thy crueltie against thy brother Iaakob, shame shal couer thee, and thou shalt be cut off for euer. 11 When thou stoodest on the other side, in the day that the strangers caried away his substance, and straungers entred into his gates, and cast lots vpon Ierusalem, euen thou wast as one of them. 12 But thou shouldest not haue beholden the day of thy brother, in the day that hee was made a stranger, neither shouldest thou haue reioyced ouer the children of Iudah, in the day of their destruction: thou shouldest not haue spoken proudly in the day of affliction. 13 Thou shouldest not haue entred into the gate of my people, in the day of their destruction, neither shouldest thou haue once looked on their affliction in the day of their destruction, nor haue layde hands on their substance in the day of their destruction. 14 Neyther shouldest thou haue stande in the crosse wayes to cut off them, that shoulde escape, neither shouldest thou haue shut vp the remnant thereof in the day of affliction. 15 For the day of the Lorde is neere, vpon all the heathen: as thou hast done, it shall bee done to thee: thy reward shall returne vpon thine head. 16 For as yee haue drunke vpon mine holy Mountaine, so shall all the heathen drinke continually: yea, they shall drinke and swallow vp, and they shalbe as though they had not bene.
• Zech 10:10 : 10 I will bring them againe also out of the land of Egypt, and gather them out of Asshur: and I will bring them into the land of Gilead, and Lebanon, and place shall not be found for them.
• Zech 14:18-19 : 18 And if the familie of Egypt goe not vp, and come not, it shall not raine vpon them. This shall be the plague wherewith the Lord will smite all the heathen, that come not vp to keepe the feast of Tabernacles. 19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all the nations that come not vp to keepe the feast of Tabernacles.
• Mal 1:3-4 : 3 And I hated Esau, and made his mountaines wast, & his heritage a wildernes for dragons. 4 Though Edom say, wee are impouerished, but we will returne and build the desolate places, yet sayeth the Lorde of hostes, they shall builde, but I will destroy it, and they shall call them, The border of wickednes, and the people, with whome the Lord is angrie for euer.
• 2 Thess 1:6 : 6 For it is a righteous thing with God, to recompense tribulation to them that trouble you,
• Ps 137:7 : 7 Remember the children of Edom, O Lord, in the day of Ierusalem, which saide, Rase it, rase it to the foundation thereof.
• Isa 11:15 : 15 The Lorde also shall vtterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptians sea, and with his mightie winde shall lift vp his hand ouer the riuer, and shall smite him in his seuen streames, and cause men to walke therein with shooes.