Isaiah 1:4

King James Version with Strong's Numbers

Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

ה֣וֹי ׀ גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר׃

Transliteration

hôy gôy ḥōṭēʾ 'am kebed 'āwōn zera' mᵉrē'îm bānîm mašḥîtîm 'āzᵊbû ʾet-YHWH niʾăṣû ʾet-qᵉdôš yiśrāʾēl nāzōrû ʾāḥôr

Grammar Details

• *hôy*: interjection - woe/alas
• *gôy*: noun, masculine singular - nation
• *ḥōṭēʾ*: participle, qal active, masculine singular - sinning
• *'am*: noun, masculine singular - people
• *kebed*: adjective, masculine singular construct - heavy with/laden with
• *'āwōn*: noun, masculine singular - iniquity
• *zera'*: noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of
• *mᵉrē'îm*: participle, hifil active, masculine plural - evildoers
• *bānîm*: noun, masculine plural - children/sons
• *mašḥîtîm*: participle, hifil active, masculine plural - corrupting/destroying
• *'āzᵊbû*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have forsaken
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *YHWH*: proper noun - LORD/Yahweh
• *niʾăṣû*: verb, piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have spurned/despised
• *qᵉdôš*: adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of
• *yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *nāzōrû*: verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have turned away
• *ʾāḥôr*: adverb - backward

Word Meanings

• *hôy*: woe/alas/ah
• *ḥōṭēʾ*: sinning/sinful/offending
• *kebed*: heavy with/laden with/weighed down by
• *mᵉrē'îm*: evildoers/those who do evil/wicked ones
• *mašḥîtîm*: corrupting/destroying/acting corruptly
• *'āzᵊbû*: forsaken/abandoned/left
• *niʾăṣû*: spurned/despised/rejected/blasphemed
• *nāzōrû*: turned away/estranged/alienated

Referenced Verses

• Isa 5:24 : 24 Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.
• Jer 2:13 : 13 For my people have committed two evils; they have forsaken me the fountain of living waters, and hewed them out cisterns, broken cisterns, that can hold no water.
• Jer 2:17 : 17 Hast thou not procured this unto thyself, in that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, when he led thee by the way?
• Jer 7:19 : 19 Do they provoke me to anger? saith the LORD: do they not provoke themselves to the confusion of their own faces?
• Matt 3:7 : 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?
• Isa 5:19 : 19 That say, Let him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it!
• Matt 11:28 : 28 Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
• Matt 23:33 : 33 Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?
• Acts 7:51-52 : 51 Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye. 52 Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:
• Rom 8:7 : 7 Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.
• 1 Cor 10:22 : 22 Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
• Col 1:24 : 24 Who now rejoice in my sufferings for you, and fill up that which is behind of the afflictions of Christ in my flesh for his body's sake, which is the church:
• Jer 7:26 : 26 Yet they hearkened not unto me, nor inclined their ear, but hardened their neck: they did worse than their fathers.
• Jer 16:11-12 : 11 Then shalt thou say unto them, Because your fathers have forsaken me, saith the LORD, and have walked after other gods, and have served them, and have worshipped them, and have forsaken me, and have not kept my law; 12 And ye have done worse than your fathers; for, behold, ye walk every one after the imagination of his evil heart, that they may not hearken unto me:
• Jer 50:29 : 29 Call together the archers against Babylon: all ye that bend the bow, camp against it round about; let none thereof escape: recompense her according to her work; according to all that she hath done, do unto her: for she hath been proud against the LORD, against the Holy One of Israel.
• Jer 51:5 : 5 For Israel hath not been forsaken, nor Judah of his God, of the LORD of hosts; though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.
• Ezek 16:33 : 33 They give gifts to all whores: but thou givest thy gifts to all thy lovers, and hirest them, that they may come unto thee on every side for thy whoredom.
• Jer 2:19 : 19 Thine own wickedness shall correct thee, and thy backslidings shall reprove thee: know therefore and see that it is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast forsaken the LORD thy God, and that my fear is not in thee, saith the Lord GOD of hosts.
• Jer 2:31 : 31 O generation, see ye the word of the LORD. Have I been a wilderness unto Israel? a land of darkness? wherefore say my people, We are lords; we will come no more unto thee?
• Jer 2:33 : 33 Why trimmest thou thy way to seek love? therefore hast thou also taught the wicked ones thy ways.
• Isa 10:6 : 6 I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.
• Isa 12:6 : 6 Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion: for great is the Holy One of Israel in the midst of thee.
• Isa 14:20 : 20 Thou shalt not be joined with them in burial, because thou hast destroyed thy land, and slain thy people: the seed of evildoers shall never be renowned.
• Isa 29:19 : 19 The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
• Isa 30:9 : 9 That this is a rebellious people, lying children, children that will not hear the law of the LORD:
• Isa 30:11-12 : 11 Get you out of the way, turn aside out of the path, cause the Holy One of Israel to cease from before us. 12 Wherefore thus saith the Holy One of Israel, Because ye despise this word, and trust in oppression and perverseness, and stay thereon:
• Isa 30:15 : 15 For thus saith the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel; In returning and rest shall ye be saved; in quietness and in confidence shall be your strength: and ye would not.
• Isa 37:23 : 23 Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel.
• Isa 41:14 : 14 Fear not, thou worm Jacob, and ye men of Israel; I will help thee, saith the LORD, and thy redeemer, the Holy One of Israel.
• Isa 41:16 : 16 Thou shalt fan them, and the wind shall carry them away, and the whirlwind shall scatter them: and thou shalt rejoice in the LORD, and shalt glory in the Holy One of Israel.
• Isa 41:20 : 20 That they may see, and know, and consider, and understand together, that the hand of the LORD hath done this, and the Holy One of Israel hath created it.
• Isa 57:3-4 : 3 But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore. 4 Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood,
• Isa 65:3 : 3 A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick;
• Jer 2:5 : 5 Thus saith the LORD, What iniquity have your fathers found in me, that they are gone far from me, and have walked after vanity, and are become vain?
• Gen 13:13 : 13 But the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners before the LORD exceedingly.
• Num 32:14 : 14 And, behold, ye are risen up in your fathers' stead, an increase of sinful men, to augment yet the fierce anger of the LORD toward Israel.
• Deut 29:25 : 25 Then men shall say, Because they have forsaken the covenant of the LORD God of their fathers, which he made with them when he brought them forth out of the land of Egypt:
• Deut 31:16 : 16 And the LORD said unto Moses, Behold, thou shalt sleep with thy fathers; and this people will rise up, and go a whoring after the gods of the strangers of the land, whither they go to be among them, and will forsake me, and break my covenant which I have made with them.
• Deut 32:19 : 19 And when the LORD saw it, he abhorred them, because of the provoking of his sons, and of his daughters.
• Judg 10:10 : 10 And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, saying, We have sinned against thee, both because we have forsaken our God, and also served Baalim.
• Ps 58:3 : 3 The wicked are estranged{H8804)} from the womb: they go astray{H8804)} as soon as they be born, speaking{H8802)} lies.
• Ps 78:8 : 8 And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn{H8802)} and rebellious{H8802)} generation; a generation that set not their heart aright{H8689)}, and whose spirit was not stedfast{H8738)} with God.
• Ps 78:40 : 40 How oft did they provoke{H8686)} him in the wilderness, and grieve{H8686)} him in the desert!
• Ps 89:18 : 18 For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our king.
• Isa 1:23 : 23 Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.
• Isa 3:8 : 8 For Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah is fallen: because their tongue and their doings are against the LORD, to provoke the eyes of his glory.
• Rev 18:5 : 5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.