Matthew 5:21

King James Version with Strong's Numbers

Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

¶Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, Οὐ φονεύσεις· ὃς δʼ ἂν φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει:

Transliteration

Ēkousate that errethē to-the archaiois, Not phoneuseis; who d' an phoneusē enochos estai to-the krisei:

Grammar Details

• *Ēkousate*: aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you heard
• *errethē*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it was said
• *archaiois*: dative masculine plural - to ancients/ancestors
• *phoneuseis*: future active indicative, 2nd person singular - you will murder
• *d'*: postpositive conjunction (contracted) - but/and
• *an*: modal particle with subjunctive - ever/possibly
• *phoneusē*: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might murder
• *enochos*: nominative masculine singular - liable/guilty
• *estai*: future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be
• *krisei*: dative feminine singular - to judgment

Word Meanings

• *Ēkousate*: heard/understood/learned
• *errethē*: was said/was spoken
• *archaiois*: ancients/ancestors/those of old
• *phoneuseis*: will murder/kill
• *phoneusē*: might murder/kill
• *enochos*: liable/guilty/answerable
• *krisei*: judgment/tribunal/court

Referenced Verses

• Deut 5:17 : 17 Thou shalt not kill.
• Exod 20:13 : 13 Thou shalt not kill.
• Matt 5:27 : 27 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery:
• Matt 5:33 : 33 Again, ye have heard that it hath been said by them of old time, Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths:
• Matt 5:43 : 43 Ye have heard that it hath been said, Thou shalt love thy neighbour, and hate thine enemy.
• Num 35:30-34 : 30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. 31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death. 32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. 33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. 34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the children of Israel.
• Gen 9:5-6 : 5 And surely your blood of your lives will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man's brother will I require the life of man. 6 Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
• Exod 21:12-14 : 12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death. 13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee. 14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.
• Num 35:12 : 12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment.
• Num 35:16-21 : 16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him. 20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die; 21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him.
• Matt 5:38 : 38 Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:
• Deut 21:7-9 : 7 And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it. 8 Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. 9 So shalt thou put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when thou shalt do that which is right in the sight of the LORD.
• 1 Kgs 2:5-6 : 5 Moreover thou knowest also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, unto Abner the son of Ner, and unto Amasa the son of Jether, whom he slew, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war upon his girdle that was about his loins, and in his shoes that were on his feet. 6 Do therefore according to thy wisdom, and let not his hoar head go down to the grave in peace.
• 1 Kgs 2:31-32 : 31 And the king said unto him, Do as he hath said, and fall upon him, and bury him; that thou mayest take away the innocent blood, which Joab shed, from me, and from the house of my father. 32 And the LORD shall return his blood upon his own head, who fell upon two men more righteous and better than he, and slew them with the sword, my father David not knowing thereof, to wit, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the host of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the host of Judah.
• Job 8:8-9 : 8 For enquire, I pray thee, of the former age, and prepare thyself to the search of their fathers: 9 (For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days upon earth are a shadow:) 10 Shall not they teach thee, and tell thee, and utter words out of their heart?
• 2 Sam 20:18 : 18 Then she spake, saying, They were wont to speak in old time, saying, They shall surely ask counsel at Abel: and so they ended the matter.
• Deut 16:18 : 18 Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment.