Deuteronomy 28:48

KJV1611 – Modern English

Therefore you shall serve your enemies which the LORD shall send against you, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon your neck, until he has destroyed you.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְעָבַדְתָּ֣ אֶת־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְשַׁלְּחֶ֤נּוּ יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔ךְ בְּרָעָ֧ב וּבְצָמָ֛א וּבְעֵירֹ֖ם וּבְחֹ֣סֶר כֹּ֑ל וְנָתַ֞ן עֹ֤ל בַּרְזֶל֙ עַל־צַוָּארֶ֔ךָ עַ֥ד הִשְׁמִיד֖וֹ אֹתָֽךְ׃

Transliteration

Wə-ʿābadtā ʾet-ʾōyəbeykā which yəšalləḥennû YHWH in-bāk in-rāʿāb û-in-ṣāmāʾ û-in-ʿêrōm û-in-ḥōser all wə-nātan ʿōl barzel on-ṣawwārekā until hišmîdô ʾōtāk.

Grammar Details

• *Wə*: conjunction - 'and'
• *ʿābadtā*: perfect Qal 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'you will serve'
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *ʾōyəbeykā*: masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your enemies'
• *yəšalləḥennû*: imperfect Piel 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'he will send him'
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name - subject
• *bāk*: preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'
• *rāʿāb*: masculine singular noun - 'hunger'
• *û*: conjunction - 'and'
• *ṣāmāʾ*: masculine singular noun - 'thirst'
• *ʿêrōm*: masculine singular noun - 'nakedness'
• *ḥōser*: masculine singular construct - 'lack of'
• *kōl*: masculine singular noun - 'all/everything'
• *nātan*: perfect Qal 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as future) - 'he will put'
• *ʿōl*: masculine singular construct - 'yoke of'
• *barzel*: masculine singular noun - 'iron'
• *ṣawwārekā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your neck'
• *hišmîdô*: Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his destroying'
• *ʾōtāk*: direct object marker with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'you'

Word Meanings

• *ʿābadtā*: serve/be enslaved to/work for
• *ʾōyəbeykā*: your enemies/your foes
• *yəšalləḥennû*: he will send/dispatch/let loose
• *rāʿāb*: hunger/famine
• *ṣāmāʾ*: thirst
• *ʿêrōm*: nakedness/being without clothing
• *ḥōser kōl*: lack of everything/want of all things
• *ʿōl barzel*: yoke of iron/iron collar
• *hišmîdô*: his destroying/his annihilating

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You will serve your enemies whom the LORD will send against you, in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and total destitution. He will put an iron yoke on your neck until He has destroyed you.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have stroyed thee.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies that Jehovah shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  therfore thou shalt serue thyne enemye whiche the Lorde shall sende vppon the: in hunger and thrust, in nakednesse and in nede off all thynge: and he shall put a yocke off yerne vppon thyne necke, vntyll he haue broughte the to noughte.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And therfore shalt thou serue thine enemye, which the LORDE shal sende vpon the, in hunger and thyrst, in nakednesse, and neade of all thinge: & he shal put a yocke of yron vpon thy necke, vntyll he haue broughte the to naughte.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Therefore thou shalt serue thine enemies which the Lord shal send vpon thee, in hunger & in thirst, and in nakednesse, and in neede of all things? And he shall put a yoke of yron vpon thy necke vntill he haue destroyed thee.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Therfore shalt thou serue thyne enemie whiche the Lorde shall sende vpon thee, in hunger, and thirst, in nakednes, and in neede of all thyng: and he shall put a yoke of iron vpon thy necke, vntyll he haue brought thee to naught.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all [things]: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  therefore shall you serve your enemies whom Yahweh shall send against you, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron on your neck, until he have destroyed you.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  thou hast served thine enemies, whom Jehovah sendeth against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in lack of all things; and he hath put a yoke of iron on thy neck, till He hath destroyed thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies that Jehovah shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies that Jehovah shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For this cause you will become servants to those whom the Lord your God will send against you, without food and drink and clothing, and in need of all things: and he will put a yoke of iron on your neck till he has put an end to you.

• World English Bible (2000)

  therefore you shall serve your enemies whom Yahweh shall send against you, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron on your neck, until he has destroyed you.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty you will serve your enemies whom the LORD will send against you. They will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 28:13-14 : 13 Go and tell Hananiah, saying, Thus says the LORD; You have broken the yokes of wood; but you shall make for them yokes of iron. 14 For thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; I have put a yoke of iron upon the neck of all these nations, that they may serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and they shall serve him: and I have given him the beasts of the field also.
• Jer 44:17-18 : 17 But we will certainly do whatever thing proceeds out of our own mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings, and our princes, in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem: for then we had plenty of food, and were well, and saw no evil. 18 But since we stopped burning incense to the queen of heaven, and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have lacked all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.
• Jer 44:22 : 22 So that the LORD could no longer bear it, because of the evil of your doings, and because of the abominations which you have committed; therefore your land is a desolation, and an astonishment, and a curse, without an inhabitant, as at this day.
• Jer 44:27 : 27 Behold, I will watch over them for evil, and not for good: and all the men of Judah that are in the land of Egypt shall be consumed by the sword and by the famine, until they are ended.
• Lam 5:2-6 : 2 Our inheritance is given to strangers, our houses to foreigners. 3 We are orphans and fatherless; our mothers are like widows. 4 We have drunk our own water for money; our wood is sold to us. 5 Our necks are under persecution; we labor and have no rest. 6 We have given our hand to the Egyptians and to the Assyrians to be satisfied with bread.
• Ezek 4:16-17 : 16 Moreover he said to me, Son of man, behold, I will break the staff of bread in Jerusalem, and they shall eat bread by weight, and with care; and they shall drink water by measure, and with astonishment: 17 That they may lack bread and water, and be dismayed one with another, and waste away for their iniquity.
• Ezek 17:3 : 3 And say, Thus says the Lord GOD; A great eagle with great wings, long-winged, full of feathers of various colors, came to Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:
• Ezek 17:7 : 7 There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine bent her roots toward him and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.
• Ezek 17:12 : 12 Say now to the rebellious house, Do you not know what these things mean? Tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon has come to Jerusalem and has taken its king and its princes and led them with him to Babylon;
• Matt 11:29 : 29 Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and you shall find rest for your souls.
• 2 Chr 12:8 : 8 Nevertheless they shall be his servants, that they may know my service and the service of the kingdoms of the countries.
• Neh 9:35-37 : 35 For they have not served You in their kingdom, or in the vast and fertile land that You gave them, nor did they turn from their wicked works. 36 Here we are, servants today! And the land that You gave to our forefathers to eat its fruit and its bounty, here we are, servants in it. 37 And it yields much increase to the kings You have set over us because of our sins; also, they have dominion over our bodies and our cattle at their pleasure, and we are in great distress.
• Isa 47:6 : 6 I was angry with My people, I have defiled My inheritance and given them into your hand. You showed them no mercy; upon the elderly you have laid your yoke very heavily.
• Jer 5:19 : 19 And it shall come to pass, when you shall say, Why does the LORD our God do all these things to us? then you shall answer them, Just as you have forsaken me, and served strange gods in your land, so shall you serve strangers in a land that is not yours.
• Jer 17:4 : 4 And you, even yourself, shall discontinue from your heritage that I gave you; and I will cause you to serve your enemies in the land which you do not know: for you have kindled a fire in my anger, which shall burn forever.
• Jer 27:12-13 : 12 I spoke also to Zedekiah, king of Judah, according to all these words, saying, Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon, and serve him and his people, and live. 13 Why will you die, you and your people, by the sword, by famine, and by pestilence, as the LORD has spoken against the nation that will not serve the king of Babylon?