Ephesians 4:31

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

You must put away all bitterness, anger, wrath, quarreling, and slanderous talk– indeed all malice.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Πᾶσα πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ, καὶ κραυγὴ, καὶ βλασφημία, ἀρθήτω ἀφʼ ὑμῶν, σὺν πάσῃ κακίᾳ:

Transliteration

All pikria, and thymos, and orgē, and kraugē, and blasphēmia, let be arthētō from you, with all kakia:

Grammar Details

• *pikria*: nominative feminine singular - bitterness
• *thymos*: nominative masculine singular - wrath/rage
• *orgē*: nominative feminine singular - anger
• *kraugē*: nominative feminine singular - clamor/outcry
• *blasphēmia*: nominative feminine singular - slander/evil speaking
• *arthētō*: aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular - let be taken away
• *kakia*: dative feminine singular - with malice/evil

Word Meanings

• *pikria*: bitterness/harshness
• *thymos*: wrath/rage/passionate anger
• *orgē*: anger/indignation
• *kraugē*: clamor/outcry/shouting
• *blasphēmia*: slander/evil speaking/abusive speech
• *arthētō*: be taken away/removed
• *kakia*: malice/evil/wickedness

Referenced Verses

• Col 3:8 : 8 But now, put off all such things as anger, rage, malice, slander, abusive language from your mouth.
• Eccl 7:9 : 9 Do not let yourself be quickly provoked, for anger resides in the lap of fools.
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 So get rid of all evil and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy and all slander.
• Eph 4:26 : 26 Be angry and do not sin; do not let the sun go down on the cause of your anger.
• Titus 3:2-3 : 2 They must not slander anyone, but be peaceable, gentle, showing complete courtesy to all people. 3 For we too were once foolish, disobedient, misled, enslaved to various passions and desires, spending our lives in evil and envy, hateful and hating one another.
• Jas 1:19 : 19 Living Out the Message Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters! Let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, slow to anger.
• Col 3:19 : 19 Husbands, love your wives and do not be embittered against them.
• Prov 26:20 : 20 Where there is no wood, a fire goes out, and where there is no gossip, contention ceases.
• Jas 3:14-4:2 : 14 But if you have bitter jealousy and selfishness in your hearts, do not boast and tell lies against the truth. 15 Such wisdom does not come from above but is earthly, natural, demonic. 16 For where there is jealousy and selfishness, there is disorder and every evil practice. 17 But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, accommodating, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, and not hypocritical. 18 And the fruit that consists of righteousness is planted in peace among those who make peace. 1 Passions and Pride Where do the conflicts and where do the quarrels among you come from? Is it not from this, from your passions that battle inside you? 2 You desire and you do not have; you murder and envy and you cannot obtain; you quarrel and fight. You do not have because you do not ask;
• Jas 4:11 : 11 Do not speak against one another, brothers and sisters. He who speaks against a fellow believer or judges a fellow believer speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but its judge.
• 1 Cor 14:20 : 20 Brothers and sisters, do not be children in your thinking. Instead, be infants in evil, but in your thinking be mature.
• 2 Cor 12:20 : 20 For I am afraid that somehow when I come I will not find you what I wish, and you will find me not what you wish. I am afraid that somehow there may be quarreling, jealousy, intense anger, selfish ambition, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder.
• Gal 5:20 : 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions, factions,
• 1 Tim 6:4-5 : 4 he is conceited and understands nothing, but has an unhealthy interest in controversies and verbal disputes. This gives rise to envy, dissension, slanders, evil suspicions, 5 and constant bickering by people corrupted in their minds and deprived of the truth, who suppose that godliness is a way of making a profit.
• Prov 26:24-25 : 24 The one who hates others disguises it with his lips, but he stores up deceit within him. 25 When he speaks graciously, do not believe him, for there are seven abominations within him.
• Prov 29:9 : 9 When a wise person goes to court with a foolish person, there is no peace whether he is angry or laughs.
• Prov 29:22 : 22 An angry person stirs up dissension, and a wrathful person is abounding in transgression.
• 1 Tim 3:3 : 3 not a drunkard, not violent, but gentle, not contentious, free from the love of money.
• 1 Tim 3:11 : 11 Likewise also their wives must be dignified, not slanderous, temperate, faithful in every respect.
• Jer 6:28 : 28 I reported,“All of them are the most stubborn of rebels! They are as hard as bronze or iron. They go about telling lies. They all deal corruptly.
• Jer 9:4 : 4 Everyone must be on his guard around his friends. He must not even trust any of his relatives. For every one of them will find some way to cheat him. And all of his friends will tell lies about him.
• Acts 19:28-29 : 28 When they heard this they became enraged and began to shout,“Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” 29 The city was filled with the uproar, and the crowd rushed to the theater together, dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions.
• Acts 21:30 : 30 The whole city was stirred up, and the people rushed together. They seized Paul and dragged him out of the temple courts, and immediately the doors were shut.
• Acts 22:22-23 : 22 The Roman Commander Questions Paul The crowd was listening to him until he said this. Then they raised their voices and shouted,“Away with this man from the earth! For he should not be allowed to live!” 23 While they were screaming and throwing off their cloaks and tossing dust in the air,
• Rom 1:29-30 : 29 They are filled with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents,
• Rom 3:14 : 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”
• 1 Cor 5:8 : 8 So then, let us celebrate the festival, not with the old yeast, the yeast of vice and evil, but with the bread without yeast, the bread of sincerity and truth.
• Gen 4:8 : 8 Cain said to his brother Abel,“Let’s go out to the field.” While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
• Gen 27:41 : 41 So Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing his father had given to his brother. Esau said privately,“The time of mourning for my father is near; then I will kill my brother Jacob!”
• Gen 37:4 : 4 When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father loved him more than any of them, they hated Joseph and were not able to speak to him kindly.
• Gen 37:21 : 21 When Reuben heard this, he rescued Joseph from their hands, saying,“Let’s not take his life!”
• Lev 19:16-18 : 16 You must not go about as a slanderer among your people. You must not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is at stake. I am the LORD. 17 You must not hate your brother in your heart. You must surely reprove your fellow citizen so that you do not incur sin on account of him. 18 You must not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the children of your people, but you must love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.
• 2 Sam 13:22 : 22 But Absalom said nothing to Amnon, either bad or good, yet Absalom hated Amnon because he had humiliated his sister Tamar.
• 2 Sam 19:27 : 27 But my servant has slandered me to my lord the king. But my lord the king is like an angel of God. Do whatever seems appropriate to you.
• 2 Sam 19:43-20:2 : 43 The men of Israel replied to the men of Judah,“We have ten shares in the king, and we have a greater claim on David than you do! Why do you want to curse us? Weren’t we the first to suggest bringing back our king?” But the comments of the men of Judah were more severe than those of the men of Israel. 1 Sheba’s Rebellion Now a wicked man named Sheba son of Bicri, a Benjaminite, happened to be there. He blew the trumpet and said,“We have no share in David; we have no inheritance in this son of Jesse! Every man go home, O Israel!” 2 So all the men of Israel deserted David and followed Sheba son of Bicri. But the men of Judah stuck by their king all the way from the Jordan River to Jerusalem.
• Ps 15:3 : 3 He does not slander, or do harm to others, or insult his neighbor.
• Ps 50:20 : 20 You plot against your brother; you slander your own brother.
• Ps 64:3 : 3 They sharpen their tongues like a sword; they aim their arrow, a slanderous charge,
• Ps 101:5 : 5 I will destroy anyone who slanders his neighbor in secret. I will not tolerate anyone who has a haughty demeanor and an arrogant attitude.
• Ps 140:11 : 11 A slanderer will not endure on the earth; calamity will hunt down a violent man and strike him down.
• Prov 6:19 : 19 a false witness who pours out lies, and a person who spreads discord among family members.
• Prov 10:12 : 12 Hatred stirs up dissension, but love covers all transgressions.
• Prov 10:18 : 18 The one who conceals hatred utters lies, and the one who spreads slander is certainly a fool.
• Prov 14:17 : 17 A person who has a quick temper will do foolish things, and a person with crafty schemes will be hated.
• Prov 18:8 : 8 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels; and they have gone down into the person’s innermost being.
• Prov 19:12 : 12 A king’s wrath is like the roar of a lion, but his favor is like dew on the grass.
• Prov 25:23 : 23 The north wind brings forth rain, and a gossiping tongue brings forth an angry look.
• 1 Tim 5:13 : 13 And besides that, going around from house to house they learn to be lazy, and they are not only lazy, but also gossips and busybodies, talking about things they should not.
• 2 Tim 2:23 : 23 But reject foolish and ignorant controversies, because you know they breed infighting.
• 2 Tim 3:3 : 3 unloving, irreconcilable, slanderers, without self-control, savage, opposed to what is good,
• Titus 1:7 : 7 For the overseer must be blameless as one entrusted with God’s work, not arrogant, not prone to anger, not a drunkard, not violent, not greedy for gain.
• Titus 2:3 : 3 Older women likewise are to exhibit behavior fitting for those who are holy, not slandering, not slaves to excessive drinking, but teaching what is good.
• 2 Pet 2:10-11 : 10 especially those who indulge their fleshly desires and who despise authority. Brazen and insolent, they are not afraid to insult the glorious ones, 11 yet even angels, who are much more powerful, do not bring a slanderous judgment against them before the Lord.
• 1 John 3:12 : 12 not like Cain who was of the evil one and brutally murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his deeds were evil, but his brother’s were righteous.
• 1 John 3:15 : 15 Everyone who hates his fellow Christian is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life residing in him.
• Jude 1:8-9 : 8 Yet these men, as a result of their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and insult the glorious ones. 9 But even when Michael the archangel was arguing with the devil and debating with him concerning Moses’ body, he did not dare to bring a slanderous judgment, but said,“May the Lord rebuke you!” 10 But these men do not understand the things they slander, and they are being destroyed by the very things that, like irrational animals, they instinctively comprehend.
• Rev 12:10 : 10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,“The salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the ruling authority of his Christ, have now come, because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, the one who accuses them day and night before our God, has been thrown down.