Isaiah 23:17

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

At the end of seventy years the LORD will revive Tyre. She will start making money again by selling her services to all the earth’s kingdoms.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהָיָ֞ה מִקֵּ֣ץ ׀ שִׁבְעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה יִפְקֹ֤ד יְהוָה֙ אֶת־צֹ֔ר וְשָׁבָ֖ה לְאֶתְנַנָּ֑ה וְזָֽנְתָ֛ה אֶת־כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָ֖רֶץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

Transliteration

And-wĕhāyāh from-miqqēṣ šibʿîm šānāh yipqōd YHWH ʾet-Ṣōr and-wĕšābāh to-ʾetnannāh and-wĕzāntāh ʾet-all-mamlĕkôt hāʾāreṣ on-pĕnê hāʾădāmāh

Grammar Details

• *wĕhāyāh*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/happen
• *miqqēṣ*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the end of
• *šibʿîm*: cardinal number - seventy
• *šānāh*: noun, feminine singular - year
• *yipqōd*: qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will visit
• *YHWH*: proper noun - divine name
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *Ṣōr*: proper noun - Tyre
• *wĕšābāh*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will return
• *ʾetnannāh*: noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hire
• *wĕzāntāh*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will commit prostitution
• *mamlĕkôt*: noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of
• *hāʾāreṣ*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land
• *pĕnê*: noun, masculine plural construct - face of
• *hāʾădāmāh*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - the ground

Word Meanings

• *yipqōd*: visit/attend to/take notice of
• *wĕšābāh* *lĕʾetnannāh*: return to her hire/go back to her wages/resume her trade
• *wĕzāntāh*: commit prostitution/play the harlot/have commercial relations
• *pĕnê* *hāʾădāmāh*: face of the ground/surface of the earth

Referenced Verses

• Nah 3:4 : 4 Taunt against the Harlot City“Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute– a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery–
• Ezek 27:6-9 : 6 They made your oars from oaks of Bashan; they made your deck with cypress wood from the coasts of Cyprus. 7 Fine linen from Egypt, woven with patterns, was used for your sail to serve as your banner; blue and purple from the coastlands of Elishah was used for your deck’s awning. 8 The leaders of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers; your skilled men, O Tyre, were your captains. 9 The elders of Gebal and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise. 10 Men of Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, men of war. They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor. 11 The Arvadites joined your army on your walls all around, and the Gammadites were in your towers. They hung their quivers on your walls all around; they perfected your beauty. 12 “‘Tarshish was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise. 14 Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, and mules for your products. 15 The Dedanites were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony. 16 Edom was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products. 17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise. 18 Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar, 19 and casks of wine from Izal they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise. 20 Dedan was your client in saddlecloths for riding. 21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you. 22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products. 23 Haran, Kanneh, Eden, merchants from Sheba, Asshur, and Kilmad were your clients. 24 They traded with you choice garments, purple clothes and embroidered work, and multicolored carpets, bound and reinforced with cords; these were among your merchandise. 25 The ships of Tarshish were the transports for your merchandise.“‘So you were filled and weighed down in the heart of the seas. 26 Your rowers have brought you into surging waters. The east wind has wrecked you in the heart of the seas. 27 Your wealth, products, and merchandise, your sailors and captains, your ship’s carpenters, your merchants, and all your fighting men within you, along with all your crew who are in you, will fall into the heart of the seas on the day of your downfall. 28 At the sound of your captains’ cry the waves will surge; 29 They will descend from their ships– all who handle the oar, the sailors and all the sea captains– they will stand on the land. 30 They will lament loudly over you and cry bitterly. They will throw dust on their heads and roll in the ashes; 31 they will tear out their hair because of you and put on sackcloth, and they will weep bitterly over you with intense mourning. 32 As they wail they will lament over you, chanting:“Who was like Tyre, like a tower in the midst of the sea?” 33 When your products went out from the seas, you satisfied many peoples; with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise you enriched the kings of the earth. 34 Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters; your merchandise and all your company have sunk along with you. 35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you, and their kings are horribly afraid– their faces are troubled. 36 The traders among the peoples hiss at you; you have become a horror, and will be no more.’”
• Hos 12:7-8 : 7 The Lord Refutes Israel’s False Claim of Innocence The businessmen love to cheat; they use dishonest scales. 8 Ephraim boasts,“I am very rich! I have become wealthy! In all that I have done to gain my wealth, no one can accuse me of any offense that is actually sinful.”
• Mic 1:7 : 7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.”
• Mic 3:11 : 11 Her leaders take bribes when they decide legal cases, her priests proclaim rulings for profit, and her prophets read omens for pay. Yet they claim to trust the LORD and say,“The LORD is among us. Disaster will not overtake us!”
• Deut 23:18 : 18 You must never bring the pay of a female prostitute or the wage of a male prostitute into the temple of the LORD your God in fulfillment of any vow, for both of these are abhorrent to the LORD your God.
• Jer 29:10 : 10 “For the LORD says,‘Only when the seventy years of Babylonian rule are over will I again take up consideration for you. Then I will fulfill my gracious promise to you and restore you to your homeland.
• Ezek 16:26 : 26 You engaged in prostitution with the Egyptians, your lustful neighbors, multiplying your promiscuity and provoking me to anger.
• Ezek 16:31 : 31 When you built your chamber at the head of every street and put up your pavilion in every public square, you were not like a prostitute, because you scoffed at payment.
• Ezek 22:13 : 13 “‘See, I strike my hands together at the dishonest profit you have made, and at the bloodshed they have done among you.
• Zeph 2:7 : 7 Those who are left from the kingdom of Judah will take possession of it. By the sea they will graze, in the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down in the evening, for the LORD their God will intervene for them and restore their prosperity.
• Acts 15:14 : 14 Simeon has explained how God first concerned himself to select from among the Gentiles a people for his name.
• 1 Tim 3:3 : 3 not a drunkard, not violent, but gentle, not contentious, free from the love of money.
• 1 Tim 3:8 : 8 Deacons likewise must be dignified, not two-faced, not given to excessive drinking, not greedy for gain,
• 1 Pet 5:2 : 2 Give a shepherd’s care to God’s flock among you, exercising oversight not merely as a duty but willingly under God’s direction, not for shameful profit but eagerly.
• Rev 17:1-5 : 1 The Great Prostitute and the Beast Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me.“Come,” he said,“I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. 5 On her forehead was written a name, a mystery:“Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.”
• Rev 18:9-9 : 9 Then the kings of the earth who committed immoral acts with her and lived in sensual luxury with her will weep and wail for her when they see the smoke from the fire that burns her up. 10 They will stand a long way off because they are afraid of her torment, and will say,“Woe, woe, O great city, Babylon the powerful city! For in a single hour your doom has come!” 11 Then the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn for her because no one buys their cargo any longer– 12 cargo such as gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple cloth, silk, scarlet cloth, all sorts of things made of citron wood, all sorts of objects made of ivory, all sorts of things made of expensive wood, bronze, iron and marble, 13 cinnamon, spice, incense, perfumed ointment, frankincense, wine, olive oil and costly flour, wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and four-wheeled carriages, slaves and human lives. 14 (The ripe fruit you greatly desired has gone from you, and all your luxury and splendor have gone from you– they will never ever be found again!)
• Rev 19:2 : 2 because his judgments are true and just. For he has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her sexual immorality, and has avenged the blood of his servants poured out by her own hands!”