Amos 1:9

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

This is what the LORD says:“Because Tyre has committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They sold a whole community to Edom; they failed to observe a treaty of brotherhood.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵי־צֹ֔ר וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־הַסְגִּירָ֞ם גָּל֤וּת שְׁלֵמָה֙ לֶאֱד֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א זָכְר֖וּ בְּרִ֥ית אַחִֽים׃

Transliteration

Thus ʾāmar YHWH for-šəlōšāh pišʿê-ṣōr and-for-ʾarbāʿāh not ʾăšîbenû for-hasgîrām gālût šəlēmāh to-ʾĕdôm and-not zākrû bərît ʾaḥîm

Grammar Details

• *ʾāmar*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said
• *YHWH*: proper name - LORD/Yahweh
• *šəlōšāh*: cardinal number, masculine - three
• *pišʿê*: construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of
• *ṣōr*: proper name - Tyre
• *ʾarbāʿāh*: cardinal number, masculine - four
• *ʾăšîbenû*: imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it
• *hasgîrām*: infinitive construct, hiphil with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their delivering
• *gālût*: feminine singular construct - exile/captivity
• *šəlēmāh*: feminine singular adjective - complete/entire
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper name - Edom
• *zākrû*: perfect, 3rd plural - they remembered
• *bərît*: feminine singular construct - covenant of
• *ʾaḥîm*: masculine plural noun - brothers

Word Meanings

• *pišʿê*: transgressions/rebellions/crimes
• *ʾăšîbenû*: I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment
• *hasgîrām*: their delivering up/handing over/surrendering
• *gālût* *šəlēmāh*: entire population/whole community/complete exile
• *bərît* *ʾaḥîm*: covenant of brothers/brotherly covenant/treaty of brotherhood

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 9:11-14 : 11 King Solomon gave King Hiram of Tyre twenty cities in the region of Galilee, because Hiram had supplied Solomon with cedars, evergreens, and all the gold he wanted. 12 When Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the cities Solomon had given him, he was not pleased with them. 13 Hiram asked,“Why did you give me these cities, my friend?” He called that area the region of Cabul, a name which it has retained to this day. 14 Hiram had sent to the king 120 talents of gold.
• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 The Lord Will Judge Tyre This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships, for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them. 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters! Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations. 4 Be ashamed, O Sidon, for the sea says this, O fortress of the sea:“I have not gone into labor or given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up young women.” 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will be shaken by what has happened to Tyre. 6 Travel to Tarshish! Wail, you residents of the coast! 7 Is this really your boisterous city whose origins are in the distant past, and whose feet led her to a distant land to reside? 8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the dignitaries of the earth? 9 The LORD of Heaven’s Armies planned it– to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth. 10 Daughter Tarshish, travel back to your land, as one crosses the Nile; there is no longer any marketplace in Tyre. 11 The LORD stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook kingdoms; he gave the order to destroy Canaan’s fortresses. 12 He said,“You will no longer celebrate, oppressed virgin daughter Sidon! Get up, travel to Cyprus, but you will find no relief there.” 13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans, these people who have lost their identity! The Assyrians have made it a home for wild animals. They erected their siege towers, demolished its fortresses, and turned it into a heap of ruins. 14 Wail, you large ships, for your fortress is destroyed! 15 At that time Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, the typical life span of a king. At the end of seventy years Tyre will try to attract attention again, like the prostitute in the popular song: 16 “Take the harp, go through the city, forgotten prostitute! Play it well, play lots of songs, so you’ll be noticed!” 17 At the end of seventy years the LORD will revive Tyre. She will start making money again by selling her services to all the earth’s kingdoms. 18 Her profits and earnings will be set apart for the LORD. They will not be stored up or accumulated, for her profits will be given to those who live in the LORD’s presence and will be used to purchase large quantities of food and beautiful clothes.
• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 Why are you doing these things to me, Tyre and Sidon? Are you trying to get even with me, land of Philistia? If you are, I will very quickly repay you for what you have done! 5 For you took my silver and my gold and brought my precious valuables to your own palaces. 6 You sold Judeans and Jerusalemites to the Greeks, removing them far from their own country. 7 Look! I am rousing them from that place to which you sold them. I will repay you for what you have done! 8 I will sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah. They will sell them to the Sabeans, a nation far away. Indeed, the LORD has spoken!
• Zech 9:2-4 : 2 as are those of Hamath also, which adjoins Damascus, and Tyre and Sidon, though they consider themselves to be very wise. 3 Tyre built herself a fortification and piled up silver like dust and gold like the mud of the streets! 4 Nevertheless the Lord will evict her and shove her fortifications into the sea– she will be consumed by fire.
• Ezek 26:1-9 : 1 A Prophecy Against Tyre In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, because Tyre has said about Jerusalem,‘Aha, the gateway of the peoples is broken; it has swung open to me. I will become rich, now that she has been destroyed,’ 3 therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Look, I am against you, O Tyre! I will bring up many nations against you, as the sea brings up its waves. 4 They will destroy the walls of Tyre and break down her towers. I will scrape her soil from her and make her a bare rock. 5 She will be a place where fishing nets are spread, surrounded by the sea. For I have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD. She will become plunder for the nations, 6 and her daughters who are in the field will be slaughtered by the sword. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 7 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Take note that I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people. 8 He will kill your daughters in the field with the sword. He will build a siege wall against you, erect a siege ramp against you, and raise a great shield against you. 9 He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls and tear down your towers with his weapons. 10 He will cover you with the dust kicked up by his many horses. Your walls will shake from the noise of the horsemen, wheels, and chariots when he enters your gates like those who invade through a city’s broken walls. 11 With his horses’ hoofs he will trample all your streets. He will kill your people with the sword, and your strong pillars will tumble down to the ground. 12 They will steal your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will tear down your walls and destroy your luxurious homes. Your stones, your trees, and your soil he will throw into the water. 13 I will silence the noise of your songs; the sound of your harps will be heard no more. 14 I will make you a bare rock; you will be a place where fishing nets are spread. You will never be built again, for I, the LORD, have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD. 15 “This is what the Sovereign LORD says to Tyre: Oh, how the coastlands will shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded groan, at the massive slaughter in your midst! 16 All the princes of the sea will vacate their thrones. They will remove their robes and strip off their embroidered clothes; they will clothe themselves with trembling. They will sit on the ground; they will tremble continually and be shocked at what has happened to you. 17 They will sing this lament over you:“‘How you have perished– you have vanished from the seas, O renowned city, once mighty in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror! 18 Now the coastlands will tremble on the day of your fall; the coastlands by the sea will be terrified by your passing.’ 19 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: When I make you desolate like the uninhabited cities, when I bring up the deep over you and the surging waters overwhelm you, 20 then I will bring you down to bygone people, to be with those who descend to the Pit. I will make you live in the lower parts of the earth, among the primeval ruins, with those who descend to the Pit, so that you will not be inhabited or stand in the land of the living. 21 I will bring terrors on you, and you will be no more! Though you are sought after, you will never be found again, declares the Sovereign LORD.”
• 2 Chr 2:8-9 : 8 Send me cedars, evergreens, and algum trees from Lebanon, for I know your servants are adept at cutting down trees in Lebanon. My servants will work with your servants 9 to supply me with large quantities of timber, for I am building a great, magnificent temple. 10 Look, I will pay your servants who cut the timber 20,000 cors of ground wheat, 20,000 cors of barley, 120,000 gallons of wine, and 120,000 gallons of olive oil.” 11 King Huram of Tyre sent this letter to Solomon:“Because the LORD loves his people, he has made you their king.” 12 Huram also said,“Worthy of praise is the LORD God of Israel, who made the sky and the earth! He has given King David a wise son who has discernment and insight and will build a temple for the LORD, as well as a royal palace for himself. 13 Now I am sending you Huram Abi, a skilled and capable man, 14 whose mother is a Danite and whose father is a Tyrian. He knows how to work with gold, silver, bronze, iron, stones, and wood, as well as purple, blue, white, and crimson fabrics. He knows how to do all kinds of engraving and understands any design given to him. He will work with your skilled craftsmen and the skilled craftsmen of my lord David your father. 15 Now let my lord send to his servants the wheat, barley, olive oil, and wine he has promised; 16 we will get all the timber you need from Lebanon and bring it in raft-like bundles by sea to Joppa. You can then haul it on up to Jerusalem.”
• 2 Sam 5:11 : 11 King Hiram of Tyre sent messengers to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons. They built a palace for David.
• 1 Kgs 5:1-9 : 1 Solomon Gathers Building Materials for the Temple(5:15) King Hiram of Tyre sent messengers to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father’s place.(Hiram had always been an ally of David.) 2 Solomon then sent this message to Hiram: 3 “You know that my father David was unable to build a temple to honor the LORD his God, for he was busy fighting battles on all fronts while the LORD subdued his enemies. 4 But now the LORD my God has made me secure on all fronts; there is no adversary or dangerous threat. 5 So I have decided to build a temple to honor the LORD my God, as the LORD instructed my father David,‘Your son, whom I will put on your throne in your place, is the one who will build a temple to honor me.’ 6 So now order some cedars of Lebanon to be cut for me. My servants will work with your servants. I will pay your servants whatever you say is appropriate, for you know that we have no one among us who knows how to cut down trees like the Sidonians.” 7 When Hiram heard Solomon’s message, he was very happy. He said,“The LORD is worthy of praise today because he has given David a wise son to rule over this great nation.” 8 Hiram then sent this message to Solomon:“I received the message you sent to me. I will give you all the cedars and evergreens you need. 9 My servants will bring the timber down from Lebanon to the sea. I will send it by sea in raft-like bundles to the place you designate. There I will separate the logs and you can carry them away. In exchange you will supply the food I need for my royal court.” 10 So Hiram supplied the cedars and evergreens Solomon needed, 11 and Solomon supplied Hiram annually with 20,000 cors of wheat as provision for his royal court, as well as 120,000 gallons of pure olive oil.
• Amos 1:6 : 6 This is what the LORD says:“Because Gaza has committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They deported a whole community and sold them to Edom.
• Amos 1:11 : 11 This is what the LORD says:“Because Edom has committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. He chased his brother with a sword; he wiped out his allies. In his anger he tore them apart without stopping to rest; in his fury he relentlessly attacked them.
• Jer 25:22 : 22 all the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon; all the kings of the coastlands along the sea;
• Jer 47:4 : 4 For the time has come to destroy all the Philistines. The time has come to destroy all the help that remains for Tyre and Sidon. For I, the LORD, will destroy the Philistines, that remnant that came from the island of Crete.
• Matt 11:21 : 21 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! If the miracles done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.