Isaiah 9:6

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called: Amazing Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

*לם‪[c]‬*רבה **לְמַרְבֵּ֨ה הַמִּשְׂרָ֜ה וּלְשָׁל֣וֹם אֵֽין־קֵ֗ץ עַל־כִּסֵּ֤א דָוִד֙ וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ לְהָכִ֤ין אֹתָהּ֙ וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּ בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה מֵעַתָּה֙ וְעַד־עוֹלָ֔ם קִנְאַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה־זֹּֽאת׃ ס

Transliteration

[Textual note: לם‪[c]‬רבה] For marbēh the miśrāh and for šālôm ʾên-qēṣ upon-kissēʾ dāwiḏ and upon-his mamlaḵtô to hāḵîn her and to saʿădāh in mišpāṭ and in ṣəḏāqāh from ʿattāh and until-ʿôlām qinʾat YHWH ṣəḇāʾôt taʿăśeh-this.

Grammar Details

• *marbēh*: noun, Hiphil, infinitive, absolute - increasing/abundance
• *miśrāh*: noun, feminine, singular, absolute - rule/dominion/government
• *šālôm*: noun, masculine, singular, absolute - peace
• *ʾên*: particle of negation - there is no
• *qēṣ*: noun, masculine, singular, absolute - end
• *kissēʾ*: noun, masculine, singular, construct - throne of
• *dāwiḏ*: proper noun - David
• *mamlaḵtô*: noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his kingdom
• *hāḵîn*: verb, Hiphil, infinitive, construct - to establish
• *saʿădāh*: verb, Qal, infinitive, construct with 3rd person, feminine, singular suffix - to uphold her
• *mišpāṭ*: noun, masculine, singular, absolute - justice/judgment
• *ṣəḏāqāh*: noun, feminine, singular, absolute - righteousness
• *ʿattāh*: adverb - now
• *ʿôlām*: noun, masculine, singular, absolute - forever/eternity
• *qinʾat*: noun, feminine, singular, construct - zeal of
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD
• *ṣəḇāʾôt*: noun, feminine, plural, absolute - hosts/armies
• *taʿăśeh*: verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - will do/perform

Word Meanings

• *marbēh*: increase/abundance/greatness
• *miśrāh*: rule/dominion/government/authority
• *šālôm*: peace/completeness/welfare/safety
• *qēṣ*: end/boundary/limit
• *hāḵîn*: to establish/to set up/to prepare
• *saʿădāh*: to uphold/to support/to sustain
• *mišpāṭ*: justice/judgment/ordinance/decision
• *ṣəḏāqāh*: righteousness/justice/rightness
• *ʿôlām*: forever/eternity/perpetuity
• *qinʾat*: zeal/jealousy/ardor
• *ṣəḇāʾôt*: hosts/armies/military forces

Referenced Verses

• Luke 2:11 : 11 Today your Savior is born in the city of David. He is Christ the Lord.
• Matt 28:18 : 18 Then Jesus came up and said to them,“All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
• Isa 7:14 : 14 For this reason the Lord himself will give you a confirming sign. Look, this young woman is about to conceive and will give birth to a son. You, young woman, will name him Immanuel.
• Jer 23:5-6 : 5 “I, the LORD, promise that a new time will certainly come when I will raise up for them a righteous branch, a descendant of David. He will rule over them with wisdom and understanding and will do what is just and right in the land. 6 Under his rule Judah will enjoy safety and Israel will live in security. This is the name he will go by:‘The LORD has provided us with justice.’
• Rev 19:16 : 16 He has a name written on his clothing and on his thigh:“King of kings and Lord of lords.”
• Heb 2:13-14 : 13 Again he says,“I will be confident in him,” and again,“Here I am, with the children God has given me.” 14 Therefore, since the children share in flesh and blood, he likewise shared in their humanity, so that through death he could destroy the one who holds the power of death(that is, the devil),
• Isa 28:29 : 29 This also comes from the LORD of Heaven’s Armies, who gives supernatural guidance and imparts great wisdom.
• Matt 1:23 : 23 “Look! The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will name him Emmanuel,” which means“God with us.”
• 1 John 5:20 : 20 And we know that the Son of God has come and has given us insight to know him who is true, and we are in him who is true, in his Son Jesus Christ. This one is the true God and eternal life.
• John 1:1-2 : 1 ¶ The Prologue to the Gospel In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was fully God. 2 The Word was with God in the beginning.
• 1 Cor 15:25 : 25 For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet.
• Isa 53:5 : 5 He was wounded because of our rebellious deeds, crushed because of our sins; he endured punishment that made us well; because of his wounds we have been healed.
• Ps 45:6 : 6 Your throne, O God, is permanent. The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of justice.
• Isa 10:21 : 21 A remnant will come back, a remnant of Jacob, to the mighty God.
• Prov 8:23 : 23 From eternity I have been fashioned, from the beginning, from before the world existed.
• Judg 13:18 : 18 The LORD’s angel said to him,“You should not ask me my name, because you cannot comprehend it.”
• Ps 72:7 : 7 During his days the godly will flourish; peace will prevail as long as the moon remains in the sky.
• Acts 10:36 : 36 You know the message he sent to the people of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ(he is Lord of all)–
• Rom 8:32 : 32 Indeed, he who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all– how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things?
• Rom 9:5 : 5 To them belong the patriarchs, and from them, by human descent, came the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever! Amen.
• 1 Cor 1:30 : 30 He is the reason you have a relationship with Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification and redemption,
• 1 Tim 3:16 : 16 And we all agree, our religion contains amazing revelation: He was revealed in the flesh, vindicated by the Spirit, seen by angels, proclaimed among Gentiles, believed on in the world, taken up in glory.
• Titus 2:13 : 13 as we wait for the happy fulfillment of our hope in the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ.
• Heb 1:8 : 8 but of the Son he says,“Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, and a righteous scepter is the scepter of your kingdom.
• Acts 20:28 : 28 Watch out for yourselves and for all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God that he obtained with the blood of his own Son.
• Zech 9:9-9 : 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Look! Your king is coming to you: he is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey– on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey. 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.
• John 14:27 : 27 “Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you; I do not give it to you as the world does. Do not let your hearts be distressed or lacking in courage.
• 2 Cor 5:19 : 19 In other words, in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting people’s trespasses against them, and he has given us the message of reconciliation.
• Eph 1:21-22 : 21 far above every rule and authority and power and dominion and every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. 22 And God put all things under Christ’s feet, and gave him to the church as head over all things.
• Eph 2:14-18 : 14 For he is our peace, the one who made both groups into one and who destroyed the middle wall of partition, the hostility, 15 when he nullified in his flesh the law of commandments in decrees. He did this to create in himself one new man out of two, thus making peace, 16 and to reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by which the hostility has been killed. 17 And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near, 18 so that through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.
• Col 1:20-21 : 20 and through him to reconcile all things to himself by making peace through the blood of his cross– through him, whether things on earth or things in heaven. 21 Paul’s Goal in Ministry And you were at one time strangers and enemies in your minds as expressed through your evil deeds,
• John 1:14 : 14 Now the Word became flesh and took up residence among us. We saw his glory– the glory of the one and only, full of grace and truth, who came from the Father.
• John 1:16 : 16 For we have all received from his fullness one gracious gift after another.
• Luke 1:35 : 35 The angel replied,“The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore the child to be born will be holy; he will be called the Son of God.
• Ps 2:6-9 : 6 “I myself have installed my king on Zion, my holy hill.” 7 The king says,“I will announce the LORD’s decree. He said to me:‘You are my son! This very day I have become your father! 8 Ask me, and I will give you the nations as your inheritance, the ends of the earth as your personal property. 9 You will break them with an iron scepter; you will smash them like a potter’s jar!’” 10 So now, you kings, do what is wise; you rulers of the earth, submit to correction! 11 Serve the LORD in fear! Repent in terror! 12 Give sincere homage! Otherwise he will be angry, and you will die because of your behavior, when his anger quickly ignites. How blessed are all who take shelter in him!
• Deut 10:17 : 17 For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe,
• Isa 11:1-2 : 1 An Ideal King Establishes a Kingdom of Peace A shoot will grow out of Jesse’s root stock, a bud will sprout from his roots. 2 The LORD’s Spirit will rest on him– a Spirit that gives extraordinary wisdom, a Spirit that provides the ability to execute plans, a Spirit that produces absolute loyalty to the LORD.
• Isa 11:6-9 : 6 A wolf will reside with a lamb, and a leopard will lie down with a young goat; an ox and a young lion will graze together, as a small child leads them along. 7 A cow and a bear will graze together, their young will lie down together. A lion, like an ox, will eat straw. 8 A baby will play over the hole of a snake; over the nest of a serpent an infant will put his hand. 9 They will no longer injure or destroy on my entire royal mountain. For there will be universal submission to the LORD’s sovereignty, just as the waters completely cover the sea.
• Isa 22:21-22 : 21 I will put your robe on him, tie your belt around him, and transfer your authority to him. He will become a protector of the residents of Jerusalem and of the people of Judah. 22 I will place the key to the house of David on his shoulder. When he opens the door, no one can close it; when he closes the door, no one can open it.
• Isa 53:10 : 10 Though the LORD desired to crush him and make him ill, once restitution is made, he will see descendants and enjoy long life, and the LORD’s purpose will be accomplished through him.
• Isa 63:16 : 16 For you are our father, though Abraham does not know us and Israel does not recognize us. You, LORD, are our father; you have been called our protector from ancient times.
• Matt 11:27 : 27 All things have been handed over to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son decides to reveal him.
• Isa 53:2 : 2 He sprouted up like a twig before God, like a root out of parched soil; he had no stately form or majesty that might catch our attention, no special appearance that we should want to follow him.
• Jer 31:22 : 22 How long will you vacillate, you who were once like an unfaithful daughter? For I, the LORD, promise to bring about something new on the earth, something as unique as a woman protecting a man!’”
• Dan 9:24-25 : 24 “Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a most holy place. 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times.
• Zech 6:12-13 : 12 Then say to him,‘The LORD of Heaven’s Armies says,“Look– here is the man whose name is Branch, who will sprout up from his place and build the temple of the LORD. 13 Indeed, he will build the temple of the LORD, and he will be clothed in splendor, sitting as king on his throne. Moreover, there will be a priest with him on his throne and they will see eye to eye on everything.
• Ps 45:3 : 3 Strap your sword to your thigh, O warrior! Appear in your majestic splendor!
• Luke 2:14 : 14 “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people with whom he is pleased!”
• Luke 21:15 : 15 For I will give you the words along with the wisdom that none of your adversaries will be able to withstand or contradict.
• John 3:16-17 : 16 For this is the way God loved the world: He gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life. 17 For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world should be saved through him.
• Col 2:3 : 3 in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
• Rom 5:1-9 : 1 The Expectation of Justification Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we have also obtained access by faith into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of God’s glory. 3 Not only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us. 6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.) 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous by his blood, we will be saved through him from God’s wrath. 10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life?
• Heb 7:2-3 : 2 To him also Abraham apportioned a tithe of everything. His name first means king of righteousness, then king of Salem, that is, king of peace. 3 Without father, without mother, without genealogy, he has neither beginning of days nor end of life but is like the son of God, and he remains a priest for all time.
• Heb 13:20 : 20 Benediction and Conclusion Now may the God of peace who by the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus,
• 1 John 4:10-14 : 10 In this is love: not that we have loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the atoning sacrifice for our sins. 11 Dear friends, if God so loved us, then we also ought to love one another. 12 No one has seen God at any time. If we love one another, God resides in us, and his love is perfected in us. 13 By this we know that we reside in God and he in us: in that he has given us of his Spirit. 14 And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent the Son to be the Savior of the world.
• Neh 9:32 : 32 “So now, our God– the great, powerful, and awesome God, who keeps covenant fidelity– do not regard as inconsequential all the hardship that has befallen us– our kings, our leaders, our priests, our prophets, our ancestors, and all your people– from the days of the kings of Assyria until this very day!
• Ps 72:17 : 17 May his fame endure! May his dynasty last as long as the sun remains in the sky! May they use his name when they formulate their blessings! May all nations consider him to be favored by God!
• Ps 85:10 : 10 Loyal love and faithfulness meet; deliverance and peace greet each other with a kiss.
• Ps 110:1-4 : 1 A psalm of David. Here is the LORD’s proclamation to my lord:“Sit down at my right hand until I make your enemies your footstool!” 2 The LORD extends your dominion from Zion. Rule in the midst of your enemies! 3 Your people willingly follow you when you go into battle. On the holy hills at sunrise the dew of your youth belongs to you. 4 The LORD makes this promise on oath and will not revoke it:“You are an eternal priest after the pattern of Melchizedek.”
• Isa 26:3 : 3 You keep completely safe the people who maintain their faith, for they trust in you.
• Isa 26:12 : 12 O LORD, you make us secure, for even all we have accomplished, you have done for us.
• Ps 50:1 : 1 A psalm by Asaph. El, God, the LORD has spoken, and summoned the earth to come from the east and west.
• Ps 72:3 : 3 The mountains will bring news of peace to the people, and the hills will announce justice.
• Mic 5:4-5 : 4 He will assume his post and shepherd the people by the LORD’s strength, by the sovereign authority of the LORD his God. They will live securely, for at that time he will be honored even in the distant regions of the earth. 5 He will give us peace. Should the Assyrians try to invade our land and attempt to set foot in our fortresses, we will send against them seven shepherd-rulers, make that eight commanders.
• Isa 66:12 : 12 For this is what the LORD says:“Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees.
• Isa 45:24-25 : 24 they will say about me,“Yes, the LORD is a powerful deliverer.”’” All who are angry at him will cower before him. 25 All the descendants of Israel will be vindicated by the LORD and will boast in him.
• Isa 8:18 : 18 Look, I and the sons whom the LORD has given me are reminders and object lessons in Israel, sent from the LORD of Heaven’s Armies, who lives on Mount Zion.