Leviticus 19:3

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

Each of you must respect his mother and his father, and you must keep my Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אִ֣ישׁ אִמּ֤וֹ וְאָבִיו֙ תִּירָ֔אוּ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם

Transliteration

ʾîš ʾimmô wə-ʾāḇîw tîrāʾû wə-ʾeṯ-šabbəṯōṯay tišmōrû ʾănî YHWH ʾĕlōhêḵem

Grammar Details

• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular - each man/person/everyone
• *ʾimmô*: noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mother
• *wə-ʾāḇîw*: conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his father
• *tîrāʾû*: Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall fear/respect
• *wə-ʾeṯ*: conjunction + direct object marker
• *šabbəṯōṯay*: noun, feminine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my sabbaths
• *tišmōrû*: Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall keep/observe
• *ʾănî*: 1st person singular independent pronoun - I
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD
• *ʾĕlōhêḵem*: noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God

Word Meanings

• *ʾîš*: each person/everyone/each one
• *tîrāʾû*: you shall fear/respect/revere
• *tišmōrû*: you shall keep/guard/observe/maintain

Referenced Verses

• Exod 20:8 : 8 “Remember the Sabbath day to set it apart as holy.
• Exod 20:12 : 12 “Honor your father and your mother, that you may live a long time in the land the LORD your God is giving to you.
• Exod 21:15 : 15 “Whoever strikes his father or his mother must surely be put to death.
• Exod 21:17 : 17 “Whoever treats his father or his mother disgracefully must surely be put to death.
• Exod 16:29 : 29 See, because the LORD has given you the Sabbath, that is why he is giving you food for two days on the sixth day. Each of you stay where you are; let no one go out of his place on the seventh day.”
• Lev 11:44 : 44 for I am the LORD your God and you are to sanctify yourselves and be holy because I am holy. You must not defile yourselves by any of the swarming things that creep on the ground,
• Lev 26:2 : 2 You must keep my Sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary. I am the LORD.
• Deut 21:18-21 : 18 If a person has a stubborn, rebellious son who pays no attention to his father or mother, and they discipline him to no avail, 19 his father and mother must seize him and bring him to the elders at the gate of his city. 20 They must declare to the elders of his city,“Our son is stubborn and rebellious and pays no attention to what we say– he is a glutton and drunkard.” 21 Then all the men of his city must stone him to death. In this way you will purge out wickedness from among you, and all Israel will hear about it and be afraid.
• Deut 27:16 : 16 ‘Cursed is the one who disrespects his father and mother.’ Then all the people will say,‘Amen!’
• Prov 1:8 : 8 Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother.
• Prov 6:20-21 : 20 My child, guard the commands of your father and do not forsake the instruction of your mother. 21 Bind them on your heart continually; fasten them around your neck.
• Prov 23:22 : 22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
• Prov 30:11 : 11 There is a generation who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers.
• Prov 30:17 : 17 The eye that mocks at a father and despises obeying a mother– the ravens of the valley will peck it out and the young vultures will eat it.
• Isa 56:4-6 : 4 For this is what the LORD says:“For the eunuchs who observe my Sabbaths and choose what pleases me and are faithful to my covenant, 5 I will set up within my temple and my walls a monument that will be better than sons and daughters. I will set up a permanent monument for them that will remain. 6 As for foreigners who become followers of the LORD and serve him, who love the name of the LORD and want to be his servants– all who observe the Sabbath and do not defile it, and who are faithful to my covenant–
• Isa 58:13 : 13 You must observe the Sabbath rather than doing anything you please on my holy day. You must look forward to the Sabbath and treat the LORD’s holy day with respect. You must treat it with respect by refraining from your normal activities, and by refraining from your selfish pursuits and from making business deals.
• Ezek 20:12 : 12 I also gave them my Sabbaths as a reminder of our relationship, so that they would know that I, the LORD, sanctify them.
• Ezek 22:7-8 : 7 They have treated father and mother with contempt within you; they have oppressed the resident foreigner among you; they have wronged the orphan and the widow within you. 8 You have despised my holy things and desecrated my Sabbaths!
• Mal 1:6 : 6 The Sacrilege of Priestly Service“A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects his master. If I am your father, where is my honor? If I am your master, where is my respect? The LORD of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply,‘How have we made light of your name?’
• Matt 15:4-6 : 4 For God said,‘Honor your father and mother’ and‘Whoever insults his father or mother must be put to death.’ 5 But you say,‘If someone tells his father or mother,“Whatever help you would have received from me is given to God,” 6 he does not need to honor his father.’ You have nullified the word of God on account of your tradition.
• Eph 6:1-3 : 1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment accompanied by a promise, namely, 3 “that it will go well with you and that you will live a long time on the earth.”
• Heb 12:9 : 9 Besides, we have experienced discipline from our earthly fathers and we respected them; shall we not submit ourselves all the more to the Father of spirits and receive life?
• Exod 31:13-17 : 13 “Tell the Israelites,‘Surely you must keep my Sabbaths, for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you. 14 So you must keep the Sabbath, for it is holy for you. Everyone who defiles it must surely be put to death; indeed, if anyone does any work on it, then that person will be cut off from among his people. 15 Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to the LORD; anyone who does work on the Sabbath day must surely be put to death. 16 The Israelites must keep the Sabbath by observing the Sabbath throughout their generations as a perpetual covenant. 17 It is a sign between me and the Israelites forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he rested and was refreshed.’”