Matthew 5:22

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

But I say to you that anyone who is angry with a brother will be subjected to judgment. And whoever insults a brother will be brought before the council, and whoever says‘Fool’ will be sent to fiery hell.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν Ὅτι πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ εἰκῆ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει: ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ, Ῥακά, ἔνοχος ἔσται τῷ συνεδρίῳ: ὃς δʼ ἂν εἴπῃ, Μωρέ, ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός.

Transliteration

Egō de legō to-you That all the orgizomenos to-the adelphō of-him eikē enochos estai to-the krisei: who d' an eipē to-the adelphō of-him, Raka, enochos estai to-the synedriō: who d' an eipē, Mōre, enochos estai to the geennan of-the pyros.

Grammar Details

• *Egō*: nominative personal pronoun - I
• *de*: postpositive conjunction - but/and
• *legō*: present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell
• *orgizomenos*: present middle/passive participle, nominative masculine singular - being angry
• *adelphō*: dative masculine singular - to brother
• *eikē*: adverb - without cause/rashly
• *enochos*: nominative masculine singular - liable/guilty
• *estai*: future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be
• *krisei*: dative feminine singular - to judgment
• *d'*: postpositive conjunction (contracted) - but/and
• *an*: modal particle with subjunctive - ever/possibly
• *eipē*: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might say
• *Raka*: Aramaic term - empty one/worthless
• *synedriō*: dative neuter singular - to council/Sanhedrin
• *Mōre*: vocative masculine singular - fool
• *geennan*: accusative feminine singular - Gehenna/hell
• *pyros*: genitive neuter singular - of fire

Word Meanings

• *Egō*: I/myself
• *legō*: say/tell/speak
• *orgizomenos*: being angry/enraged
• *adelphō*: brother/fellow believer
• *eikē*: without cause/rashly/without reason
• *enochos*: liable/guilty/answerable
• *krisei*: judgment/tribunal/court
• *eipē*: might say/speak/tell
• *Raka*: empty one/vain fellow/worthless (Aramaic term of contempt)
• *synedriō*: council/Sanhedrin (highest Jewish court)
• *Mōre*: fool/stupid/moron
• *geennan*: Gehenna/hell (valley of Hinnom, place of burning)
• *pyros*: fire/flame

Referenced Verses

• Jas 3:6 : 6 And the tongue is a fire! The tongue represents the world of wrongdoing among the parts of our bodies. It pollutes the entire body and sets fire to the course of human existence– and is set on fire by hell.
• 1 John 3:14-15 : 14 We know that we have crossed over from death to life because we love our fellow Christians. The one who does not love remains in death. 15 Everyone who hates his fellow Christian is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life residing in him.
• 1 John 4:20-21 : 20 If anyone says“I love God” and yet hates his fellow Christian, he is a liar, because the one who does not love his fellow Christian whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen. 21 And the commandment we have from him is this: that the one who loves God should love his fellow Christian too.
• 1 John 2:9 : 9 The one who says he is in the light but still hates his fellow Christian is still in the darkness.
• Matt 26:59 : 59 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were trying to find false testimony against Jesus so that they could put him to death.
• Matt 10:28 : 28 Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
• Matt 18:8-9 : 8 If your hand or your foot causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life crippled or lame than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. 9 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into fiery hell.
• Deut 15:11 : 11 There will never cease to be some poor people in the land; therefore, I am commanding you to make sure you open your hand to your fellow Israelites who are needy and poor in your land.
• Ps 7:4 : 4 or have wronged my ally, or helped his lawless enemy,
• Rom 12:10 : 10 Be devoted to one another with mutual love, showing eagerness in honoring one another.
• John 11:47 : 47 So the chief priests and the Pharisees called the council together and said,“What are we doing? For this man is performing many miraculous signs.
• Matt 10:17 : 17 Beware of people, because they will hand you over to councils and flog you in their synagogues.
• Matt 25:41 : 41 “Then he will say to those on his left,‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire that has been prepared for the devil and his angels!
• Mark 14:55 : 55 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find anything.
• Mark 15:1 : 1 Jesus Brought Before Pilate Early in the morning, after forming a plan, the chief priests with the elders and the experts in the law and the whole Sanhedrin tied Jesus up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate.
• Luke 12:5 : 5 But I will warn you whom you should fear: Fear the one who, after the killing, has authority to throw you into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear him!
• Luke 16:23-24 : 23 And in Hades, as he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far off with Lazarus at his side. 24 So he called out,‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am in anguish in this fire.’
• 1 Pet 2:23 : 23 When he was maligned, he did not answer back; when he suffered, he threatened no retaliation, but committed himself to God who judges justly.
• 1 Pet 3:9 : 9 Do not return evil for evil or insult for insult, but instead bless others because you were called to inherit a blessing.
• Eph 4:26-27 : 26 Be angry and do not sin; do not let the sun go down on the cause of your anger. 27 Do not give the devil an opportunity.
• Eph 4:31-32 : 31 You must put away all bitterness, anger, wrath, quarreling, and slanderous talk– indeed all malice. 32 Instead, be kind to one another, compassionate, forgiving one another, just as God in Christ also forgave you.
• Rev 20:14 : 14 Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death– the lake of fire.
• 1 John 5:16 : 16 If anyone sees his fellow Christian committing a sin not resulting in death, he should ask, and God will grant life to the person who commits a sin not resulting in death. There is a sin resulting in death. I do not say that he should ask about that.
• Jude 1:9 : 9 But even when Michael the archangel was arguing with the devil and debating with him concerning Moses’ body, he did not dare to bring a slanderous judgment, but said,“May the Lord rebuke you!”
• 1 Thess 4:6 : 6 In this matter no one should violate the rights of his brother or take advantage of him, because the Lord is the avenger in all these cases, as we also told you earlier and warned you solemnly.
• Titus 3:2 : 2 They must not slander anyone, but be peaceable, gentle, showing complete courtesy to all people.
• Heb 5:9 : 9 And by being perfected in this way, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him,
• Heb 12:25 : 25 Take care not to refuse the one who is speaking! For if they did not escape when they refused the one who warned them on earth, how much less shall we, if we reject the one who warns from heaven?
• Jas 2:20 : 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless?
• 1 John 3:10 : 10 By this the children of God and the children of the devil are revealed: Everyone who does not practice righteousness– the one who does not love his fellow Christian– is not of God.
• John 7:20 : 20 The crowd answered,“You’re possessed by a demon! Who is trying to kill you?”
• John 8:48 : 48 The Judeans replied,“Aren’t we correct in saying that you are a Samaritan and are possessed by a demon?”
• 1 Sam 17:27-28 : 27 The soldiers told him what had been promised, saying,“This is what will be done for the man who can strike him down.” 28 When David’s oldest brother Eliab heard him speaking to the men, he became angry with David and said,“Why have you come down here? To whom did you entrust those few sheep in the wilderness? I am familiar with your pride and deceit! You have come down here to watch the battle!”
• John 15:25 : 25 Now this happened to fulfill the word that is written in their law,‘They hated me without reason.’
• Acts 3:20-23 : 20 so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and so that he may send the Messiah appointed for you– that is, Jesus. 21 This one heaven must receive until the time all things are restored, which God declared from times long ago through his holy prophets. 22 Moses said,‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must obey him in everything he tells you. 23 Every person who does not obey that prophet will be destroyed and thus removed from the people.’
• Acts 5:27 : 27 When they had brought them, they stood them before the council, and the high priest questioned them,
• Acts 7:37 : 37 This is the Moses who said to the Israelites,‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’
• Acts 17:18 : 18 Also some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers were conversing with him, and some were asking,“What does this foolish babbler want to say?” Others said,“He seems to be a proclaimer of foreign gods.”(They said this because he was proclaiming the good news about Jesus and the resurrection.)
• 1 Cor 6:6 : 6 Instead, does a Christian sue a Christian, and do this before unbelievers?
• 1 Cor 6:10 : 10 thieves, the greedy, drunkards, the verbally abusive, and swindlers will not inherit the kingdom of God.
• Mark 9:43-48 : 43 If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better for you to enter into life crippled than to have two hands and go into hell, to the unquenchable fire. 45 If your foot causes you to sin, cut it off! It is better to enter life lame than to have two feet and be thrown into hell. 47 If your eye causes you to sin, tear it out! It is better to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell, 48 where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched.
• Ps 14:1 : 1 For the music director; by David. Fools say to themselves,“There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right.
• Ps 25:3 : 3 Certainly none who rely on you will be humiliated. Those who deal in treachery will be thwarted and humiliated.
• Ps 35:19 : 19 Do not let those who are my enemies for no reason gloat over me! Do not let those who hate me without cause carry out their wicked schemes!
• Ps 37:8 : 8 Do not be angry and frustrated! Do not fret! That only leads to trouble!
• Ps 49:10 : 10 Surely one sees that even wise people die; fools and spiritually insensitive people all pass away and leave their wealth to others.
• Ps 69:4 : 4 Those who hate me without cause are more numerous than the hairs of my head. Those who want to destroy me, my enemies for no reason, outnumber me. They make me repay what I did not steal!
• Ps 92:6 : 6 The spiritually insensitive do not recognize this; the fool does not understand this.
• Ps 109:3 : 3 They surround me and say hateful things; they attack me for no reason.
• Prov 14:16 : 16 A wise person is cautious and turns from evil, but a fool throws off restraint and is overconfident.
• Prov 18:6 : 6 The lips of a fool enter into strife, and his mouth invites a flogging.
• Jer 17:11 : 11 The person who gathers wealth by unjust means is like the partridge that broods over eggs but does not hatch them. Before his life is half over he will lose his ill-gotten gains. At the end of his life it will be clear he was a fool.”
• Lam 3:52 : 52 צ(Tsade) For no good reason my enemies hunted me down like a bird.
• Dan 2:12-13 : 12 Because of this the king got furiously angry and gave orders to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. 13 So a decree went out, and the wise men were about to be executed. They also sought Daniel and his friends so that they could be executed.
• Dan 3:13 : 13 Then Nebuchadnezzar in a fit of rage demanded that they bring Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego before him. So they brought them before the king.
• Dan 3:19 : 19 Then Nebuchadnezzar was filled with rage, and his disposition changed toward Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. He gave orders to heat the furnace seven times hotter than it was normally heated.
• Obad 1:10 : 10 Edom’s Treachery Against Judah“Because you violently slaughtered your relatives, the people of Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will be destroyed forever.
• Obad 1:12 : 12 You should not have gloated when your relatives suffered calamity. You should not have rejoiced over the people of Judah when they were destroyed. You should not have boasted when they suffered adversity.
• Matt 3:17 : 17 And a voice from heaven said,“This is my one dear Son; in him I take great delight.”
• Matt 5:23-24 : 23 So then, if you bring your gift to the altar and there you remember that your brother has something against you, 24 leave your gift there in front of the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother and then come and present your gift.
• Matt 5:28-30 : 28 But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to desire her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into hell. 30 If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body go into hell.
• Matt 5:34 : 34 But I say to you, do not take oaths at all– not by heaven, because it is the throne of God,
• Matt 5:44 : 44 But I say to you, love your enemy and pray for those who persecute you,
• Gen 4:5-6 : 5 but with Cain and his offering he was not pleased. So Cain became very angry, and his expression was downcast. 6 Then the LORD said to Cain,“Why are you angry, and why is your expression downcast?
• Gen 37:4 : 4 When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father loved him more than any of them, they hated Joseph and were not able to speak to him kindly.
• Gen 37:8 : 8 Then his brothers asked him,“Do you really think you will rule over us or have dominion over us?” They hated him even more because of his dream and because of what he said.
• 1 Sam 22:12-23 : 12 Then Saul said,“Listen, son of Ahitub.” He replied,“Here I am, my lord.” 13 Saul said to him,“Why have you conspired against me, you and this son of Jesse? You gave him bread and a sword and inquired of God on his behalf, so that he opposes me and waits in ambush, as is the case today!” 14 Ahimelech replied to the king,“Who among all your servants is faithful like David? He is the king’s son-in-law, the leader of your bodyguard, and honored in your house! 15 Was it just today that I began to inquire of God on his behalf? Far be it from me! The king should not accuse his servant or any of my father’s house. For your servant is not aware of all this– not in whole or in part!” 16 But the king said,“You will surely die, Ahimelech, you and all your father’s house!” 17 Then the king said to the messengers who were stationed beside him,“Turn and kill the priests of the LORD, for they too have sided with David! They knew he was fleeing, but they did not inform me.” But the king’s servants refused to harm the priests of the LORD. 18 Then the king said to Doeg,“You turn and strike down the priests!” So Doeg the Edomite turned and struck down the priests. He killed on that day eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod. 19 As for Nob, the city of the priests, he struck down with the sword men and women, children and infants, oxen, donkeys, and sheep– all with the sword. 20 But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped and fled to David. His name was Abiathar. 21 Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the priests of the LORD. 22 Then David said to Abiathar,“I knew that day when Doeg the Edomite was there that he would certainly tell Saul! I am guilty of all the deaths in your father’s house! 23 Stay with me. Don’t be afraid! Whoever seeks my life is seeking your life as well. You are secure with me.”
• 2 Sam 6:20 : 20 When David went home to pronounce a blessing on his own house, Michal, Saul’s daughter, came out to meet him. She said,“How the king of Israel has distinguished himself this day! He has exposed himself today before his servants’ slave girls the way a vulgar fool might do!”
• 2 Sam 16:7 : 7 As he yelled curses, Shimei said,“Leave! Leave! You man of bloodshed, you wicked man!
• 1 Kgs 21:4 : 4 So Ahab went into his palace, bitter and angry that Naboth the Jezreelite had said,“I will not sell to you my ancestral inheritance.” He lay down on his bed, pouted, and would not eat.
• 2 Chr 16:10 : 10 Asa was so angry at the prophet, he put him in jail. Asa also oppressed some of the people at that time.
• Neh 5:8 : 8 I said to them,“To the extent possible we have bought back our fellow Jews who had been sold to the Gentiles. But now you yourselves want to sell your own countrymen, so that we can then buy them back!” They were utterly silent, and could find nothing to say.
• Esth 3:5-6 : 5 When Haman saw that Mordecai was not bowing or paying homage to him, he was filled with rage. 6 But the thought of striking out against Mordecai alone was repugnant to him, for he had been informed of the identity of Mordecai’s people. So Haman sought to destroy all the Jews(that is, the people of Mordecai) who were in all the kingdom of Ahasuerus.
• Matt 18:21 : 21 Then Peter came to him and said,“Lord, how many times must I forgive my brother who sins against me? As many as seven times?”
• Matt 18:35 : 35 So also my heavenly Father will do to you, if each of you does not forgive your brother from your heart.”
• Matt 23:15 : 15 “Woe to you, experts in the law and you Pharisees, hypocrites! You cross land and sea to make one convert, and when you get one, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves!
• Matt 23:33 : 33 You snakes, you offspring of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?
• Matt 11:18-19 : 18 For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say,‘He has a demon!’ 19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say,‘Look at him, a glutton and a drunk, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ But wisdom is vindicated by her deeds.”
• Matt 12:24 : 24 But when the Pharisees heard this they said,“He does not cast out demons except by the power of Beelzebul, the ruler of demons!”
• Matt 17:5 : 5 While he was still speaking, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said,“This is my one dear Son, in whom I take great delight. Listen to him!”
• Deut 18:18-19 : 18 I will raise up a prophet like you for them from among their fellow Israelites. I will put my words in his mouth and he will speak to them whatever I command. 19 I will personally hold responsible anyone who then pays no attention to the words that prophet speaks in my name.
• 1 Sam 18:8-9 : 8 This made Saul very angry. The statement displeased him and he thought,“They have attributed to David tens of thousands, but to me they have attributed only thousands. What does he lack, except the kingdom?” 9 So Saul was keeping an eye on David from that day onward.
• 1 Sam 20:30-33 : 30 Saul became angry with Jonathan and said to him,“You stupid traitor! Don’t I realize that to your own disgrace and to the disgrace of your mother’s nakedness you have chosen this son of Jesse? 31 For as long as this son of Jesse is alive on the earth, you and your kingdom will not be established. Now, send some men and bring him to me. For he is as good as dead!” 32 Jonathan responded to his father Saul,“Why should he be put to death? What has he done?” 33 Then Saul threw his spear at Jonathan in order to strike him down. So Jonathan was convinced that his father had decided to kill David.