Revelation 1:11

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

saying:“Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches– to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.”

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Λεγούσης, Ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ω, ὁ πρῶτος καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος: καὶ, Ὃ βλέπεις γράψον, εἰς βιβλίον, καὶ πέμψον ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν Ἀσίᾳ· εἰς Ἔφεσον, καὶ εἰς Σμύρναν, καὶ εἰς Πέργαμον, καὶ εἰς Θυάτειρα, καὶ εἰς Σάρδεις, καὶ εἰς Φιλαδέλφειαν, καὶ εἰς Λαοδίκειαν.

Transliteration

Legousēs, Egō eimi the Alpha and the Ō, the prōtos and the eschatos: and, What you blepeis grapson into a biblion, and pempson to the hepta ekklēsiais those in Asia; to Epheson, and to Smyrnan, and to Pergamon, and to Thyateira, and to Sardeis, and to Philadelpheian, and to Laodikean.

Grammar Details

• *Legousēs*: present active participle, genitive, feminine, singular - saying
• *Egō eimi*: present active indicative, 1st singular with pronoun - I am
• *Alpha*: nominative, neuter, singular - Alpha (first letter of Greek alphabet)
• *Ō*: nominative, neuter, singular - Omega (last letter of Greek alphabet)
• *prōtos*: nominative, masculine, singular - first
• *eschatos*: nominative, masculine, singular - last
• *blepeis*: present active indicative, 2nd singular - you see
• *grapson*: aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - write
• *biblion*: accusative, neuter, singular - book/scroll
• *pempson*: aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - send
• *hepta*: numeral - seven
• *ekklēsiais*: dative, feminine, plural - churches/assemblies
• *Asia*: dative, feminine, singular - Asia

Word Meanings

• *prōtos*: first/foremost/chief
• *eschatos*: last/final/uttermost
• *biblion*: book/scroll/document
• *ekklēsiais*: churches/assemblies/congregations

Referenced Verses

• Rev 1:4 : 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from“he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,
• Rev 3:1 : 1 To the Church in Sardis“To the angel of the church in Sardis write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars:‘I know your deeds, that you have a reputation that you are alive, but in reality you are dead.
• Rev 3:7 : 7 To the Church in Philadelphia“To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the Holy One, the True One, who holds the key of David, who opens doors no one can shut, and shuts doors no one can open:
• Rev 3:14 : 14 To the Church in Laodicea“To the angel of the church in Laodicea write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the originator of God’s creation:
• Rev 2:8 : 8 To the Church in Smyrna“To the angel of the church in Smyrna write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who is the first and the last, the one who was dead, but came to life:
• Rev 2:12 : 12 To the Church in Pergamum“To the angel of the church in Pergamum write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who has the sharp double-edged sword:
• Rev 2:18 : 18 To the Church in Thyatira“To the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame and whose feet are like polished bronze:
• Eph 1:1 : 1 ¶ Salutation From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, to the saints[in Ephesus], the faithful in Christ Jesus.
• Col 4:15-16 : 15 Give my greetings to the brothers and sisters who are in Laodicea and to Nympha and the church that meets in her house. 16 And after you have read this letter, have it read to the church of Laodicea. In turn, read the letter from Laodicea as well.
• Isa 30:8 : 8 Now go, write it down on a tablet in their presence, inscribe it on a scroll, so that it might be preserved for a future time as an enduring witness.
• Jer 30:2 : 2 “The LORD God of Israel says,‘Write everything that I am about to tell you in a scroll.
• Hab 2:2 : 2 The Lord Assures Habakkuk The LORD responded:“Write down this message! Record it legibly on tablets, so the one who announces it may read it easily.
• 1 Tim 1:3 : 3 Timothy’s Task in Ephesus As I urged you when I was leaving for Macedonia, stay on in Ephesus to instruct certain people not to spread false teachings,
• Rev 1:19-2:1 : 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches and the seven lampstands are the seven churches. 1 To the Church in Ephesus“To the angel of the church in Ephesus, write the following:“This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who has a firm grasp on the seven stars in his right hand– the one who walks among the seven golden lampstands:
• Rev 10:4 : 4 When the seven thunders spoke, I was preparing to write, but just then I heard a voice from heaven say,“Seal up what the seven thunders spoke and do not write it down.”
• Rev 14:13 : 13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say,“Write this:‘Blessed are the dead, those who die in the Lord from this moment on!’”“Yes,” says the Spirit,“so they can rest from their hard work, because their deeds will follow them.”
• Rev 19:9 : 9 Then the angel said to me,“Write the following: Blessed are those who are invited to the banquet at the wedding celebration of the Lamb!” He also said to me,“These are the true words of God.”
• Rev 21:5 : 5 And the one seated on the throne said:“Look! I am making all things new!” Then he said to me,“Write it down, because these words are reliable and true.”
• Deut 31:19 : 19 Now write down for yourselves the following song and teach it to the Israelites. Put it into their very mouths so that this song may serve as my witness against the Israelites!
• Rev 1:8 : 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God– the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come– the All-Powerful!
• Rev 1:17 : 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said:“Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,
• Rev 1:2 : 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ.
• Acts 18:19-21 : 19 When they reached Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila behind there, but he himself went into the synagogue and addressed the Jews. 20 When they asked him to stay longer, he would not consent, 21 but said farewell to them and added,“I will come back to you again if God wills.” Then he set sail from Ephesus,
• Acts 18:24 : 24 Apollos Begins His Ministry Now a Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, arrived in Ephesus. He was an eloquent speaker, well-versed in the scriptures.
• Acts 19:1-9 : 1 Disciples of John the Baptist at Ephesus While Apollos was in Corinth, Paul went through the inland regions and came to Ephesus. He found some disciples there 2 and said to them,“Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?” They replied,“No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit.” 3 So Paul said,“Into what then were you baptized?”“Into John’s baptism,” they replied. 4 Paul said,“John baptized with a baptism of repentance, telling the people to believe in the one who was to come after him, that is, in Jesus.” 5 When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus, 6 and when Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they began to speak in tongues and to prophesy. 7 (Now there were about twelve men in all.) 8 Paul Continues to Minister at Ephesus So Paul entered the synagogue and spoke out fearlessly for three months, addressing and convincing them about the kingdom of God. 9 But when some were stubborn and refused to believe, reviling the Way before the congregation, he left them and took the disciples with him, addressing them every day in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. 10 This went on for two years, so that all who lived in the province of Asia, both Jews and Greeks, heard the word of the Lord. 11 The Seven Sons of Sceva God was performing extraordinary miracles by Paul’s hands, 12 so that when even handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched his body were brought to the sick, their diseases left them and the evil spirits went out of them. 13 But some itinerant Jewish exorcists tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those who were possessed by evil spirits, saying,“I sternly warn you by Jesus whom Paul preaches.” 14 (Now seven sons of a man named Sceva, a Jewish high priest, were doing this.) 15 But the evil spirit replied to them,“I know about Jesus and I am acquainted with Paul, but who are you?” 16 Then the man who was possessed by the evil spirit jumped on them and beat them all into submission. He prevailed against them so that they fled from that house naked and wounded. 17 This became known to all who lived in Ephesus, both Jews and Greeks; fear came over them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was praised. 18 Many of those who had believed came forward, confessing and making their deeds known. 19 Large numbers of those who had practiced magic collected their books and burned them up in the presence of everyone. When the value of the books was added up, it was found to total fifty thousand silver coins. 20 In this way the word of the Lord continued to grow in power and to prevail. 21 A Riot in Ephesus Now after all these things had taken place, Paul resolved to go to Jerusalem, passing through Macedonia and Achaia. He said,“After I have been there, I must also see Rome.” 22 So after sending two of his assistants, Timothy and Erastus, to Macedonia, he himself stayed on for a while in the province of Asia. 23 At that time a great disturbance took place concerning the Way. 24 For a man named Demetrius, a silversmith who made silver shrines of Artemis, brought a great deal of business to the craftsmen. 25 He gathered these together, along with the workmen in similar trades, and said,“Men, you know that our prosperity comes from this business. 26 And you see and hear that this Paul has persuaded and turned away a large crowd, not only in Ephesus but in practically all of the province of Asia, by saying that gods made by hands are not gods at all. 27 There is danger not only that this business of ours will come into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be regarded as nothing, and she whom all the province of Asia and the world worship will suffer the loss of her greatness.” 28 When they heard this they became enraged and began to shout,“Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” 29 The city was filled with the uproar, and the crowd rushed to the theater together, dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions. 30 But when Paul wanted to enter the public assembly, the disciples would not let him. 31 Even some of the provincial authorities who were his friends sent a message to him, urging him not to venture into the theater. 32 So then some were shouting one thing, some another, for the assembly was in confusion, and most of them did not know why they had met together. 33 Some of the crowd concluded it was about Alexander because the Jews had pushed him to the front. Alexander, gesturing with his hand, was wanting to make a defense before the public assembly. 34 But when they recognized that he was a Jew, they all shouted in unison,“Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!” for about two hours. 35 After the city secretary quieted the crowd, he said,“Men of Ephesus, what person is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is the keeper of the temple of the great Artemis and of her image that fell from heaven? 36 So because these facts are indisputable, you must keep quiet and not do anything reckless. 37 For you have brought these men here who are neither temple robbers nor blasphemers of our goddess. 38 If then Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a complaint against someone, the courts are open and there are proconsuls; let them bring charges against one another there. 39 But if you want anything in addition, it will have to be settled in a legal assembly. 40 For we are in danger of being charged with rioting today, since there is no cause we can give to explain this disorderly gathering.” 41 After he had said this, he dismissed the assembly.
• Acts 20:17 : 17 From Miletus he sent a message to Ephesus, telling the elders of the church to come to him.
• 1 Cor 15:32 : 32 If from a human point of view I fought with wild beasts at Ephesus, what did it benefit me? If the dead are not raised, let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.
• 1 Cor 16:8 : 8 But I will stay in Ephesus until Pentecost,