Zechariah 3:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

Vision Four: The Priest Next I saw Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, with Satan standing at his right hand to accuse him.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּרְאֵ֗נִי אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל עֹמֵ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְהַשָּׂטָ֛ן עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ לְשִׂטְנֽוֹ׃

Transliteration

And wayyarʾēnî me ʾēt-Yəhôšuaʿ the kōhēn the gādôl ʿōmēd before malʾaḵ YHWH and the śāṭān ʿōmēd at his right to śāṭan him.

Grammar Details

• *wayyarʾēnî*: Hiphil imperfect waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person suffix - he showed me
• *ʾēt*: Direct object marker
• *Yəhôšuaʿ*: Proper name, Joshua
• *kōhēn*: Noun, masculine singular construct - priest
• *gādôl*: Adjective, masculine singular - great/high
• *ʿōmēd*: Qal active participle, masculine singular - standing
• *malʾaḵ*: Noun, masculine singular construct - messenger/angel
• *YHWH*: Divine name, tetragrammaton
• *śāṭān*: Noun, masculine singular with definite article - the adversary/accuser
• *śāṭan*: Qal infinitive construct with preposition lamed and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to accuse/oppose him

Word Meanings

• *ʿōmēd*: standing/positioned/present
• *malʾaḵ*: messenger/angel/representative
• *śāṭān*: adversary/accuser/opponent
• *śāṭan*: to accuse/to oppose/to resist

Referenced Verses

• Ps 109:6 : 6 Appoint an evil man to testify against him! May an accuser stand at his right side!
• Zech 6:11 : 11 Then take some silver and gold to make a crown and set it on the head of Joshua the high priest, the son of Jehozadak.
• Hag 1:1 : 1 ¶ Introduction On the first day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year, the LORD’s message came through the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak:
• Ezra 5:2 : 2 Then Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak began to rebuild the temple of God in Jerusalem. The prophets of God were with them, supporting them.
• Job 1:6-9 : 6 Satan’s Accusation of Job Now the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD– and Satan also arrived among them. 7 The LORD said to Satan,“Where have you come from?” And Satan answered the LORD,“From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.” 8 So the LORD said to Satan,“Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered the LORD,“Is it for nothing that Job fears God? 10 Have you not made a hedge around him and his household and all that he has on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his livestock have increased in the land. 11 But extend your hand and strike everything he has, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!” 12 So the LORD said to Satan,“All right then, everything he has is in your power. Only do not extend your hand against the man himself!” So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD.
• Job 2:1-8 : 1 Satan’s Additional Charge Again the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan also arrived among them to present himself before the LORD. 2 And the LORD said to Satan,“Where do you come from?” Satan answered the LORD,“From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.” 3 Then the LORD said to Satan,“Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him on the earth, a pure and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil. And he still holds firmly to his integrity, so that you stirred me up to destroy him without reason.” 4 But Satan answered the LORD,“Skin for skin! Indeed, a man will give up all that he has to save his life! 5 But extend your hand and strike his bone and his flesh, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!” 6 So the LORD said to Satan,“All right, he is in your power; only preserve his life.” 7 Job’s Integrity in Suffering So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD, and he afflicted Job with a malignant ulcer from the soles of his feet to the top of his head. 8 Job took a shard of broken pottery to scrape himself with while he was sitting among the ashes.
• Ps 106:23 : 23 He threatened to destroy them, but Moses, his chosen one, interceded with him and turned back his destructive anger.
• Jer 15:19 : 19 Because of this, the LORD said,“You must repent of such words and thoughts! If you do, I will restore you to the privilege of serving me. If you say what is worthwhile instead of what is worthless, I will again allow you to be my spokesman. They must become as you have been. You must not become like them.
• Ezek 44:11 : 11 Yet they will be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the temple, and serving the temple. They will slaughter the burnt offerings and the sacrifices for the people, and they will stand before them to minister to them.
• Ezek 44:15 : 15 The Levitical Priests“‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the Sovereign LORD.
• Hos 12:4-5 : 4 He struggled with an angel and prevailed; he wept and begged for his favor. He found God at Bethel, and there he spoke with him! 5 As for the LORD God Almighty, the LORD is the name by which he is remembered!
• Gen 3:15 : 15 And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; her offspring will attack your head, and you will attack her offspring’s heel.”
• Gen 48:16 : 16 the Angel who has protected me from all harm– bless these boys. May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. May they grow into a multitude on the earth.”
• Exod 3:2-6 : 2 The angel of the LORD appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush. He looked– and the bush was ablaze with fire, but it was not being consumed! 3 So Moses thought,“I will turn aside to see this amazing sight. Why does the bush not burn up?” 4 When the LORD saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him from within the bush and said,“Moses, Moses!” And Moses said,“Here I am.” 5 God said,“Do not approach any closer! Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.” 6 He added,“I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.
• Exod 23:20-21 : 20 The Angel of the Presence“I am going to send an angel before you to protect you as you journey and to bring you into the place that I have prepared. 21 Take heed because of him, and obey his voice; do not rebel against him, for he will not pardon your transgressions, for my name is in him.
• Deut 10:8 : 8 At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of the LORD’s covenant, to stand before the LORD to serve him, and to formulate blessings in his name, as they do to this very day.
• Deut 18:15 : 15 The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you– from your fellow Israelites; you must listen to him.
• 1 Sam 6:20 : 20 The residents of Beth Shemesh asked,“Who is able to stand before the LORD, this holy God? To whom will the ark go up from here?”
• 1 Chr 21:1 : 1 The Lord Sends a Plague against Israel An adversary opposed Israel, inciting David to count how many warriors Israel had.
• 2 Chr 29:11 : 11 My sons, do not be negligent now, for the LORD has chosen you to stand in his presence, to minister to him, to be his ministers, and offer sacrifices.”
• Hag 1:12 : 12 The Response of the People Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, along with the whole remnant of the people, obeyed the LORD their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the LORD their God had instructed him, and the people began to respect the LORD.
• Hag 2:4 : 4 “Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the LORD.“Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the LORD,“and begin to work. For I am with you,” decrees the LORD of Heaven’s Armies.
• Zech 1:9 : 9 The Interpretation of the First Vision Then I asked one nearby,“What are these, sir?” The angelic messenger who replied to me said,“I will show you what these are.”
• Zech 1:13 : 13 The LORD then addressed good, comforting words to the angelic messenger who was speaking to me.
• Zech 1:19 : 19 So I asked the angelic messenger who spoke with me,“What are these?” He replied,“These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem.”
• Zech 2:3 : 3 At this point the angelic messenger who spoke to me went out, and another messenger came to meet him
• Zech 3:8 : 8 Listen now, Joshua the high priest, both you and your colleagues who are sitting before you, all of you are a symbol that I am about to introduce my servant, the Branch.
• Mal 3:1 : 1 “I am about to send my messenger, who will clear the way before me. Indeed, the Lord you are seeking will suddenly come to his temple, and the messenger of the covenant, whom you long for, is certainly coming,” says the LORD of Heaven’s Armies.
• Luke 21:36 : 36 But stay alert at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that must happen, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
• Luke 22:31 : 31 “Simon, Simon, pay attention! Satan has demanded to have you all, to sift you like wheat,
• Acts 7:30-38 : 30 “After forty years had passed, an angel appeared to him in the desert of Mount Sinai, in the flame of a burning bush. 31 When Moses saw it, he was amazed at the sight, and when he approached to investigate, there came the voice of the Lord, 32 ‘I am the God of your forefathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.’ Moses began to tremble and did not dare to look more closely. 33 But the Lord said to him,‘Take the sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground. 34 I have certainly seen the suffering of my people who are in Egypt and have heard their groaning, and I have come down to rescue them. Now come, I will send you to Egypt.’ 35 This same Moses they had rejected, saying,‘Who made you a ruler and judge?’ God sent as both ruler and deliverer through the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36 This man led them out, performing wonders and miraculous signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. 37 This is the Moses who said to the Israelites,‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.’ 38 This is the man who was in the congregation in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him at Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors, and he received living oracles to give to you.
• 1 Pet 5:8 : 8 Be sober and alert. Your enemy the devil, like a roaring lion, is on the prowl looking for someone to devour.
• Rev 12:9-9 : 9 So that huge dragon– the ancient serpent, the one called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world– was thrown down to the earth, and his angels along with him. 10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,“The salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the ruling authority of his Christ, have now come, because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, the one who accuses them day and night before our God, has been thrown down.