2 Corinthians 4:4

World English Bible (2000)

in whom the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the Good News of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἐν οἷς ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐτύφλωσεν τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἀπίστων, εἰς τὸ μὴ αὐγάσαι αὐτοῖς, τὸν φωτισμὸν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς δόξης τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ Θεοῦ.

Transliteration

In hois the Theos tou aiōnos toutou etyphlōsen ta noēmata tōn apistōn, for the not augasai autois, the phōtismon tou euangeliou tēs doxēs tou Christou, who estin eikōn tou Theou.

Grammar Details

• *hois*: relative pronoun, dative masculine plural - in whom/in which
• *Theos*: nominative masculine singular - God/deity
• *tou aiōnos*: genitive masculine singular - of the age/world
• *toutou*: demonstrative pronoun, genitive masculine singular - of this
• *etyphlōsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - blinded/made blind
• *ta noēmata*: accusative neuter plural - the minds/thoughts
• *tōn apistōn*: genitive masculine plural - of the unbelieving/faithless
• *augasai*: aorist active infinitive - to see/shine/dawn
• *autois*: dative masculine plural pronoun - to them
• *phōtismon*: accusative masculine singular - light/illumination/radiancy
• *tou euangeliou*: genitive neuter singular - of the gospel
• *tēs doxēs*: genitive feminine singular - of the glory
• *tou Christou*: genitive masculine singular - of Christ
• *estin*: present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is
• *eikōn*: nominative feminine singular - image/likeness
• *tou Theou*: genitive masculine singular - of God

Word Meanings

• *Theos tou aiōnos toutou*: god of this age/god of this world
• *etyphlōsen*: blinded/made blind/darkened
• *noēmata*: minds/thoughts/mental perceptions/purposes
• *apistōn*: unbelieving/faithless/untrustworthy
• *augasai*: see/shine/dawn/perceive
• *phōtismon*: light/illumination/radiancy/brightness
• *eikōn*: image/likeness/representation/manifestation

Referenced Verses

• John 12:40 : 40 "He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them."
• 2 Cor 4:6 : 6 seeing it is God who said, "Light will shine out of darkness," who has shone in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
• 2 Cor 3:14 : 14 But their minds were hardened, for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains, because in Christ it passes away.
• Isa 6:10 : 10 Make the heart of this people fat. Make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and turn again, and be healed."
• 1 John 5:19 : 19 We know that we are of God, and the whole world lies in the power of the evil one.
• Eph 2:2 : 2 in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit who now works in the children of disobedience;
• Eph 6:12 : 12 For our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world's rulers of the darkness of this age, and against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
• Heb 1:3 : 3 His Son is the radiance of his glory, the very image of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself made purification for our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;
• Phil 2:6 : 6 who, existing in the form of God, didn't consider equality with God a thing to be grasped,
• John 12:31 : 31 Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out.
• John 14:9-9 : 9 Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you such a long time, and do you not know me, Philip? He who has seen me has seen the Father. How do you say, 'Show us the Father?' 10 Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? The words that I tell you, I speak not from myself; but the Father who lives in me does his works.
• Acts 26:18 : 18 to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in me.'
• 1 Cor 10:20 : 20 But I say that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God, and I don't desire that you would have fellowship with demons.
• Isa 60:1-2 : 1 "Arise, shine; for your light is come, and the glory of Yahweh is risen on you. 2 For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples; but Yahweh will arise on you, and his glory shall be seen on you.
• Col 1:15 : 15 who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.
• 2 Cor 3:18 : 18 But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.
• 1 Tim 1:11 : 11 according to the Good News of the glory of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust.
• Titus 2:13 : 13 looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ;
• John 16:11 : 11 about judgment, because the prince of this world has been judged.
• John 1:14 : 14 The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.
• John 1:18 : 18 No one has seen God at any time. The one and only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him.
• 2 Cor 3:8-9 : 8 won't service of the Spirit be with much more glory? 9 For if the service of condemnation has glory, the service of righteousness exceeds much more in glory.
• 2 Cor 3:11 : 11 For if that which passes away was with glory, much more that which remains is in glory.
• John 14:30 : 30 I will no more speak much with you, for the prince of the world comes, and he has nothing in me.
• John 15:24 : 24 If I hadn't done among them the works which no one else did, they wouldn't have had sin. But now have they seen and also hated both me and my Father.
• John 12:45 : 45 He who sees me sees him who sent me.
• John 8:12 : 12 Again, therefore, Jesus spoke to them, saying, "I am the light of the world. He who follows me will not walk in the darkness, but will have the light of life."
• John 12:35 : 35 Jesus therefore said to them, "Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn't overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn't know where he is going.
• Matt 4:8-9 : 8 Again, the devil took him to an exceedingly high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world, and their glory. 9 He said to him, "I will give you all of these things, if you will fall down and worship me."
• 1 Kgs 22:22 : 22 Yahweh said to him, 'How?' He said, 'I will go out and will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets.' He said, 'You will entice him, and will also prevail. Go out and do so.'
• Ps 50:2 : 2 Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty, God shines forth.
• 2 Pet 1:19 : 19 We have the more sure word of prophecy; and you do well that you heed it, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns, and the morning star arises in your hearts:
• 1 John 2:8 : 8 Again, I write a new commandment to you, which is true in him and in you; because the darkness is passing away, and the true light already shines.
• Rev 20:2-3 : 2 He seized the dragon, the old serpent, which is the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole inhabited earth, and bound him for a thousand years, 3 and cast him into the abyss, and shut it, and sealed it over him, that he should deceive the nations no more, until the thousand years were finished. After this, he must be freed for a short time.
• Col 1:27 : 27 to whom God was pleased to make known what are the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory;