Ezekiel 18:7

Webster's Bible (1833)

and has not wronged any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃

Transliteration

wə- ʾîš lōʾ yôneh ḥăbōlātô ḥôb yāšîb gəzēlāh lōʾ yigzōl laḥmô lə- rāʿēb yittēn wə- ʿêrōm yəkasseh-bāged

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yôneh*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he oppresses
• *ḥăbōlātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pledge
• *ḥôb*: masculine singular noun - debt
• *yāšîb*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will return
• *gəzēlāh*: feminine singular noun - robbery, plunder
• *yigzōl*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rob
• *laḥmô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread
• *lə-*: preposition - to
• *rāʿēb*: adjective masculine singular - hungry
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give
• *ʿêrōm*: adjective masculine singular - naked
• *yəkasseh*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cover
• *bāged*: masculine singular noun - garment, clothing

Word Meanings

• *yôneh*: oppresses/wrongs/mistreats
• *ḥăbōlāt*: pledge/security/thing taken in pledge
• *yāšîb*: returns/restores/gives back
• *gəzēlāh*: robbery/plunder/thing taken by force

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 18:16 : 16 neither has wronged any, has not taken anything to pledge, neither has taken by robbery, but has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;
• Exod 22:26 : 26 If you take your neighbor's garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down,
• Ezek 18:12 : 12 has wronged the poor and needy, has taken by robbery, has not restored the pledge, and has lifted up his eyes to the idols, has committed abomination,
• Ezek 33:15 : 15 if the wicked restore the pledge, give again that which he had taken by robbery, walk in the statutes of life, committing no iniquity; he shall surely live, he shall not die.
• Deut 24:12-13 : 12 If he be a poor man, you shall not sleep with his pledge; 13 you shall surely restore to him the pledge when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his garment, and bless you: and it shall be righteousness to you before Yahweh your God.
• Ezek 18:18 : 18 As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, robbed his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he shall die in his iniquity.
• Amos 2:8 : 8 And they lay themselves down beside every altar on clothes taken in pledge; And in the house of their God they drink the wine of those who have been fined.
• Amos 3:10 : 10 "Indeed they don't know to do right," says Yahweh, "Who hoard plunder and loot in their palaces."
• Luke 3:11 : 11 He answered them, "He who has two coats, let him give to him who has none. He who has food, let him do likewise."
• 2 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 But as you abound in everything, in faith, utterance, knowledge, all earnestness, and in your love to us, see that you also abound in this grace. 8 I speak not by way of commandment, but as proving through the earnestness of others the sincerity also of your love. 9 For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that you through his poverty might become rich.
• 2 Cor 9:6-9 : 6 Remember this: he who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly. He who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully. 7 Let each man give according as he has determined in his heart; not grudgingly, or under compulsion; for God loves a cheerful giver. 8 And God is able to make all grace abound to you, that you, always having all sufficiency in everything, may abound to every good work. 9 As it is written, "He has scattered abroad, he has given to the poor. His righteousness remains forever." 10 Now may he who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food, supply and multiply your seed for sowing, and increase the fruits of your righteousness; 11 you being enriched in everything to all liberality, which works through us thanksgiving to God. 12 For this service of giving that you perform not only makes up for lack among the saints, but abounds also through many givings of thanks to God; 13 seeing that through the proof given by this service, they glorify God for the obedience of your confession to the Gospel of Christ, and for the liberality of your contribution to them and to all; 14 while they themselves also, with supplication on your behalf, yearn for you by reason of the exceeding grace of God in you.
• Jas 2:13-17 : 13 For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment. 14 What good is it, my brothers, if a man says he has faith, but has no works? Can faith save him? 15 And if a brother or sister is naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you tells them, "Go in peace, be warmed and filled;" and yet you didn't give them the things the body needs, what good is it? 17 Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead in itself.
• Jas 5:1-6 : 1 Come now, you rich, weep and howl for your miseries that are coming on you. 2 Your riches are corrupted and your garments are moth-eaten. 3 Your gold and your silver are corroded, and their corrosion will be for a testimony against you, and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up your treasure in the last days. 4 Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you have kept back by fraud, cry out, and the cries of those who reaped have entered into the ears of the Lord of Hosts. 5 You have lived delicately on the earth, and taken your pleasure. You have nourished your hearts as in a day of slaughter. 6 You have condemned, you have murdered the righteous one. He doesn't resist you.
• 1 John 3:16-19 : 16 By this we know love, because he laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers. 17 But whoever has the world's goods, and sees his brother in need, and closes his heart of compassion against him, how does the love of God remain in him? 18 My little children, let's not love in word only, neither with the tongue only, but in deed and truth. 19 And by this we know that we are of the truth, and persuade our hearts before him,
• Gen 6:11-12 : 11 The earth was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. 12 God saw the earth, and saw that it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted their way on the earth.
• Exod 22:21-24 : 21 "You shall not wrong an alien, neither shall you oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt. 22 "You shall not take advantage of any widow or fatherless child. 23 If you take advantage of them at all, and they cry at all to me, I will surely hear their cry; 24 and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 Forasmuch therefore as you trample on the poor, And take taxes from him of wheat: You have built houses of hewn stone, But you will not dwell in them. You have planted pleasant vineyards, But you shall not drink their wine. 12 For I know how many your offenses, And how great are your sins-- You who afflict the just, Who take a bribe, And who turn aside the needy in the courts.
• Amos 6:3 : 3 Those who put far away the evil day, And cause the seat of violence to come near;
• Amos 8:4-6 : 4 Hear this, you who desire to swallow up the needy, And cause the poor of the land to fail, 5 Saying, 'When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? And the Sabbath, that we may market wheat, Making the ephah small, and the shekel large, And dealing falsely with balances of deceit; 6 That we may buy the poor for silver, And the needy for a pair of shoes, And sell the sweepings with the wheat?'"
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Woe to those who devise iniquity And work evil on their beds! When the morning is light, they practice it, Because it is in the power of their hand.
• Mic 3:2 : 2 You who hate the good, And love the evil; Who tear off their skin, And their flesh from off their bones;
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 In that day, I will punish all those who leap over the threshold, who fill their master's house with violence and deceit.
• Zech 7:9-9 : 9 "Thus has Yahweh of Hosts spoken, saying, 'Execute true judgment, and show kindness and compassion every man to his brother. 10 Don't oppress the widow, nor the fatherless, the foreigner, nor the poor; and let none of you devise evil against his brother in your heart.' 11 But they refused to listen, and turned their backs, and stopped their ears, that they might not hear.
• Mal 3:5 : 5 I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against the perjurers, and against those who oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and who deprive the foreigner of justice, and don't fear me," says Yahweh of Hosts.
• Matt 25:34-46 : 34 Then the King will tell those on his right hand, 'Come, blessed of my Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; 35 for I was hungry, and you gave me food to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; 36 naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me.' 37 "Then the righteous will answer him, saying, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry, and feed you; or thirsty, and give you a drink? 38 When did we see you as a stranger, and take you in; or naked, and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick, or in prison, and come to you?' 40 "The King will answer them, 'Most assuredly I tell you, inasmuch as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers{The word for "brothers" here may be also correctly translated "brothers and sisters" or "siblings."}, you did it to me.' 41 Then he will say also to those on the left hand, 'Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire which is prepared for the devil and his angels; 42 for I was hungry, and you didn't give me food to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you didn't take me in; naked, and you didn't clothe me; sick, and in prison, and you didn't visit me.' 44 "Then they will also answer, saying, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and didn't help you?' 45 "Then he will answer them, saying, 'Most assuredly I tell you, inasmuch as you didn't do it to one of the least of these, you didn't do it to me.' 46 These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life."
• Ezek 22:12-13 : 12 In you have they taken bribes to shed blood; you have taken interest and increase, and you have greedily gained of your neighbors by oppression, and have forgotten me, says the Lord Yahweh. 13 Behold, therefore, I have struck my hand at your dishonest gain which you have made, and at your blood which has been in the midst of you.
• Ezek 22:27-29 : 27 Her princes in the midst of it are like wolves ravening the prey, to shed blood, [and] to destroy souls, that they may get dishonest gain. 28 Her prophets have daubed for them with whitewash, seeing false visions, and divining lies to them, saying, Thus says the Lord Yahweh, when Yahweh has not spoken. 29 The people of the land have used oppression, and exercised robbery; yes, they have vexed the poor and needy, and have oppressed the foreigner wrongfully.
• Exod 23:9 : 9 "You shall not oppress an alien, for you know the heart of an alien, seeing you were aliens in the land of Egypt.
• Lev 19:15 : 15 "'You shall do no injustice in judgment: you shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor.
• Lev 25:14 : 14 "'If you sell anything to your neighbor, or buy from your neighbor, you shall not wrong one another.
• Deut 15:7-9 : 7 If there be with you a poor man, one of your brothers, within any of your gates in your land which Yahweh your God gives you, you shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand from your poor brother; 8 but you shall surely open your hand to him, and shall surely lend him sufficient for his need [in that] which he wants. 9 Beware that there not be a base thought in your heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand; and your eye be evil against your poor brother, and you give him nothing; and he cry to Yahweh against you, and it be sin to you. 10 You shall surely give him, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him; because that for this thing Yahweh your God will bless you in all your work, and in all that you put your hand to. 11 For the poor will never cease out of the land: therefore I command you, saying, You shall surely open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor, in your land.
• Deut 24:17 : 17 You shall not wrest the justice [due] to the foreigner, [or] to the fatherless, nor take the widow's clothing to pledge;
• 1 Sam 12:3-4 : 3 Here I am: witness against me before Yahweh, and before his anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose donkey have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind my eyes therewith? and I will restore it you. 4 They said, You have not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither have you taken anything of any man's hand.
• Job 22:6 : 6 For you have taken pledges from your brother for nothing, And stripped the naked of their clothing.
• Job 24:3 : 3 They drive away the donkey of the fatherless, And they take the widow's ox for a pledge.
• Job 24:9 : 9 There are those who pluck the fatherless from the breast, And take a pledge of the poor,
• Job 31:13-22 : 13 "If I have despised the cause of my man-servant Or of my maid-servant, When they contended with me; 14 What then shall I do when God rises up? When he visits, what shall I answer him? 15 Didn't he who made me in the womb make him? Didn't one fashion us in the womb? 16 "If I have withheld the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail, 17 Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the fatherless has not eaten of it 18 (No, from my youth he grew up with me as with a father, Her have I guided from my mother's womb); 19 If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, Or that the needy had no covering; 20 If his heart hasn't blessed me, If he hasn't been warmed with my sheep's fleece; 21 If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, Because I saw my help in the gate: 22 Then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder-blade, And my arm be broken from the bone.
• Ps 41:1 : 1 > Blessed is he who considers the poor: Yahweh will deliver him in the day of evil.
• Ps 112:4 : 4 Light dawns in the darkness for the upright, Gracious, merciful, and righteous.
• Ps 112:9 : 9 He has dispersed, he has given to the poor. His righteousness endures forever. His horn will be exalted with honor.
• Prov 3:31 : 31 Don't envy the man of violence. Choose none of his ways.
• Prov 11:24-25 : 24 There is one who scatters, and increases yet more. There is one who withholds more than is appropriate, but gains poverty. 25 The liberal soul shall be made fat. He who waters shall be watered also himself.
• Prov 14:31 : 31 He who oppresses the poor shows contempt for his Maker, But he who is kind to the needy honors him.
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 Don't exploit the poor, because he is poor; And don't crush the needy in court; 23 For Yahweh will plead their case, And plunder the life of those who plunder them.
• Prov 28:8 : 8 He who increases his wealth by excessive interest Gathers it for one who has pity on the poor.
• Prov 28:27 : 27 One who gives to the poor has no lack; But one who closes his eyes will have many curses.
• Isa 1:17 : 17 Learn to do well. Seek justice, Relieve the oppressed, Judge the fatherless, Plead for the widow."
• Isa 5:7 : 7 For the vineyard of Yahweh of Hosts is the house of Israel, And the men of Judah his pleasant plant: And he looked for justice, but, behold, oppression; For righteousness, but, behold, a cry of distress.
• Isa 33:15 : 15 He who walks righteously, and speaks blamelessly; he who despises the gain of oppressions, who shakes his hands from taking a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of blood, and shuts his eyes from looking on evil:
• Isa 58:6-9 : 6 Isn't this the fast that I have chosen: to loose the bonds of wickedness, to undo the bands of the yoke, and to let the oppressed go free, and that you break every yoke? 7 Isn't it to deal your bread to the hungry, and that you bring the poor who are cast out to your house? when you see the naked, that you cover him; and that you not hide yourself from your own flesh? 8 Then shall your light break forth as the morning, and your healing shall spring forth speedily; and your righteousness shall go before you; the glory of Yahweh shall by your rearward. 9 Then shall you call, and Yahweh will answer; you shall cry, and he will say, Here I am. If you take away from the midst of you the yoke, the putting forth of the finger, and speaking wickedly; 10 and if you draw out your soul to the hungry, and satisfy the afflicted soul: then shall your light rise in darkness, and your obscurity be as the noonday; 11 and Yahweh will guide you continually, and satisfy your soul in dry places, and make strong your bones; and you shall be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters don't fail.
• Isa 59:6-7 : 6 Their webs shall not become garments, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity, and the act of violence is in their hands. 7 Their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity; desolation and destruction are in their paths.
• Jer 7:6-7 : 6 if you don't oppress the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow, and don't shed innocent blood in this place, neither walk after other gods to your own hurt: 7 then will I cause you to dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your fathers, from of old even forevermore.
• Jer 22:3 : 3 Thus says Yahweh: Execute you justice and righteousness, and deliver him who is robbed out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence, to the foreigner, the fatherless, nor the widow; neither shed innocent blood in this place.
• Jer 22:16-17 : 16 He judged the cause of the poor and needy; then it was well. Wasn't this to know me? says Yahweh. 17 But your eyes and your heart are not but for your covetousness, and for shedding innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, to do it.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Make the chain; for the land is full of bloody crimes, and the city is full of violence.
• Amos 2:6 : 6 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Israel, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they have sold the righteous for silver, And the needy for a pair of shoes;