Ezekiel 18:7

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

A man -- he doth not oppress, His pledge to the debtor he doth return, Plunder he doth not take away, His bread to the hungry he doth give, And the naked doth cover with a garment,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃

Transliteration

wə- ʾîš lōʾ yôneh ḥăbōlātô ḥôb yāšîb gəzēlāh lōʾ yigzōl laḥmô lə- rāʿēb yittēn wə- ʿêrōm yəkasseh-bāged

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yôneh*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he oppresses
• *ḥăbōlātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pledge
• *ḥôb*: masculine singular noun - debt
• *yāšîb*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will return
• *gəzēlāh*: feminine singular noun - robbery, plunder
• *yigzōl*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rob
• *laḥmô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread
• *lə-*: preposition - to
• *rāʿēb*: adjective masculine singular - hungry
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give
• *ʿêrōm*: adjective masculine singular - naked
• *yəkasseh*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cover
• *bāged*: masculine singular noun - garment, clothing

Word Meanings

• *yôneh*: oppresses/wrongs/mistreats
• *ḥăbōlāt*: pledge/security/thing taken in pledge
• *yāšîb*: returns/restores/gives back
• *gəzēlāh*: robbery/plunder/thing taken by force

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 18:16 : 16 A man -- he hath not oppressed, A pledge he hath not bound, And plunder he hath not taken away, His bread to the hungry he hath given, And the naked he covered with a garment,
• Exod 22:26 : 26 if thou dost at all take in pledge the garment of thy neighbour, during the going in of the sun thou dost return it to him:
• Ezek 18:12 : 12 The afflicted and needy he hath oppressed, Plunder he hath taken violently away, A pledge he doth not return, And unto the idols he hath lifted up his eyes, Abomination he hath done!
• Ezek 33:15 : 15 (The pledge the wicked restoreth, plunder he repayeth,) In the statutes of life he hath walked, So as not to do perversity, He surely liveth -- he doth not die.
• Deut 24:12-13 : 12 `And if he is a poor man, thou dost not lie down with his pledge; 13 thou dost certainly give back to him the pledge at the going in of the sun, and he hath lain down in his own raiment, and hath blessed thee; and to thee it is righteousness before Jehovah thy God.
• Ezek 18:18 : 18 His father -- because he used oppression, Did violently Plunder a brother, And that which `is' not good did in the midst of his people, And lo, he is dying in his iniquity.
• Amos 2:8 : 8 And on pledged garments they stretch themselves near every altar, And the wine of fined ones they drink `in' the house of their gods.
• Amos 3:10 : 10 And they have not known to act straightforwardly, An affirmation of Jehovah, Who are treasuring up violence and spoil in their palaces.
• Luke 3:11 : 11 and he answering saith to them, `He having two coats -- let him impart to him having none, and he having victuals -- in like manner let him do.'
• 2 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 but even as in every thing ye do abound, in faith, and word, and knowledge, and all diligence, and in your love to us, that also in this grace ye may abound; 8 not according to command do I speak, but because of the diligence of others, and of your love proving the genuineness, 9 for ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that because of you he became poor -- being rich, that ye by that poverty may become rich.
• 2 Cor 9:6-9 : 6 And this: He who is sowing sparingly, sparingly also shall reap; and he who is sowing in blessings, in blessings also shall reap; 7 each one, according as he doth purpose in heart, not out of sorrow or out of necessity, for a cheerful giver doth God love, 8 and God `is' able all grace to cause to abound to you, that in every thing always all sufficiency having, ye may abound to every good work, 9 (according as it hath been written, `He dispersed abroad, he gave to the poor, his righteousness doth remain to the age,') 10 and may He who is supplying seed to the sower, and bread for food, supply and multiply your seed sown, and increase the fruits of your righteousness, 11 in every thing being enriched to all liberality, which doth work through us thanksgiving to God, 12 because the ministration of this service not only is supplying the wants of the saints, but is also abounding through many thanksgivings to God, 13 through the proof of this ministration glorifying God for the subjection of your confession to the good news of the Christ, and `for' the liberality of the fellowship to them and to all, 14 and by their supplication in your behalf, longing after you because of the exceeding grace of God upon you;
• Jas 2:13-17 : 13 for the judgment without kindness `is' to him not having done kindness, and exult doth kindness over judgment. 14 What `is' the profit, my brethren, if faith, any one may speak of having, and works he may not have? is that faith able to save him? 15 and if a brother or sister may be naked, and may be destitute of the daily food, 16 and any one of you may say to them, `Depart ye in peace, be warmed, and be filled,' and may not give to them the things needful for the body, what `is' the profit? 17 so also the faith, if it may not have works, is dead by itself.
• Jas 5:1-6 : 1 Go, now, ye rich! weep, howling over your miseries that are coming upon `you'; 2 your riches have rotted, and your garments have become moth-eaten; 3 your gold and silver have rotted, and the rust of them for a testimony shall be to you, and shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye made treasure in the last days! 4 lo, the reward of the workmen, of those who in-gathered your fields, which hath been fraudulently kept back by you -- doth cry out, and the exclamations of those who did reap into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth have entered; 5 ye did live in luxury upon the earth, and were wanton; ye did nourish your hearts, as in a day of slaughter; 6 ye did condemn -- ye did murder the righteous one, he doth not resist you.
• 1 John 3:16-19 : 16 in this we have known the love, because he for us his life did lay down, and we ought for the brethren the lives to lay down; 17 and whoever may have the goods of the world, and may view his brother having need, and may shut up his bowels from him -- how doth the love of God remain in him? 18 My little children, may we not love in word nor in tongue, but in word and in truth! 19 and in this we know that of the truth we are, and before Him we shall assure our hearts,
• Gen 6:11-12 : 11 And the earth is corrupt before God, and the earth is filled `with' violence. 12 And God seeth the earth, and lo, it hath been corrupted, for all flesh hath corrupted its way on the earth.
• Exod 22:21-24 : 21 `And a sojourner thou dost not oppress, nor crush him, for sojourners ye have been in the land of Egypt. 22 `Any widow or orphan ye do not afflict; 23 if thou dost really afflict him, surely if he at all cry unto Me, I certainly hear his cry; 24 and Mine anger hath burned, and I have slain you by the sword, and your wives have been widows, and your sons orphans.
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 Therefore, because of your trampling on the poor, And the tribute of corn ye take from him, Houses of hewn work ye have built, And ye do not dwell in them, Desirable vineyards ye have planted, And ye do not drink their wine. 12 For I have known -- many `are' your transgressions, And mighty your sins, Adversaries of the righteous, taking ransoms, And the needy in the gate ye turned aside.
• Amos 6:3 : 3 Who are putting away the day of evil, And ye bring nigh the seat of violence,
• Amos 8:4-6 : 4 Hear this, ye who are swallowing up the needy, To cause to cease the poor of the land, 5 Saying, When doth the new moon pass, And we sell ground corn? And the sabbath, and we open out pure corn? To make little the ephah, And to make great the shekel, And to use perversely balances of deceit. 6 To purchase with money the poor, And the needy for a pair of sandals, Yea, the refuse of the pure corn we sell.
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Wo `to' those devising iniquity, And working evil on their beds, In the light of the morning they do it, For their hand is -- to God.
• Mic 3:2 : 2 Ye who are hating good, and loving evil, Taking violently their skin from off them, And their flesh from off their bones,
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 And I have laid a charge on every one Who is leaping over the threshold in that day, Who are filling the house of their masters `With' violence and deceit.
• Zech 7:9-9 : 9 `Thus spake Jehovah of Hosts, saying: True judgment judge ye, And kindness and mercy do one with another. 10 And widow, and fatherless, Sojourner, and poor, ye do not oppress, And the calamity of one another ye do not devise in your heart. 11 And they refuse to attend, And they give a refractory shoulder, And their ears have made heavy against hearing.
• Mal 3:5 : 5 And I have drawn near to you for judgment, And I have been a witness, Making haste against sorcerers, And against adulterers, And against swearers to a falsehood, And against oppressors of the hire of an hireling, Of a widow, and of a fatherless one, And those turning aside a sojourner, And who fear Me not, said Jehovah of Hosts.
• Matt 25:34-46 : 34 `Then shall the king say to those on his right hand, Come ye, the blessed of my Father, inherit the reign that hath been prepared for you from the foundation of the world; 35 for I did hunger, and ye gave me to eat; I did thirst, and ye gave me to drink; I was a stranger, and ye received me; 36 naked, and ye put around me; I was infirm, and ye looked after me; in prison I was, and ye came unto me. 37 `Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when did we see thee hungering, and we nourished? or thirsting, and we gave to drink? 38 and when did we see thee a stranger, and we received? or naked, and we put around? 39 and when did we see thee infirm, or in prison, and we came unto thee? 40 `And the king answering, shall say to them, Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did `it' to one of these my brethren -- the least -- to me ye did `it'. 41 Then shall he say also to those on the left hand, Go ye from me, the cursed, to the fire, the age-during, that hath been prepared for the Devil and his messengers; 42 for I did hunger, and ye gave me not to eat; I did thirst, and ye gave me not to drink; 43 a stranger I was, and ye did not receive me; naked, and ye put not around me; infirm, and in prison, and ye did not look after me. 44 `Then shall they answer, they also, saying, Lord, when did we see thee hungering, or thirsting, or a stranger, or naked, or infirm, or in prison, and we did not minister to thee? 45 `Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say to you, Inasmuch as ye did `it' not to one of these, the least, ye did `it' not to me. 46 And these shall go away to punishment age-during, but the righteous to life age-during.'
• Ezek 22:12-13 : 12 A bribe they have taken in thee to shed blood, Usury and increase thou hast taken, And cuttest off thy neighbour by oppression, And Me thou hast forgotten, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah! 13 And lo, I have smitten My hand, Because of thy dishonest gain that thou hast gained, And for thy blood that hath been in thy midst.
• Ezek 22:27-29 : 27 Its princes in its midst `are' as wolves, Tearing prey, to shed blood, to destroy souls, For the sake of gaining dishonest gain. 28 And its prophets have daubed for them with chalk, Seeing a vain thing, and divining for them a lie, Saying, `Thus said the Lord Jehovah:' And Jehovah hath not spoken. 29 The people of the land have used oppression, And have taken plunder violently away, And humble and needy have oppressed, And the sojourner oppressed -- without judgment.
• Exod 23:9 : 9 `And a sojourner thou dost not oppress, and ye -- ye have known the soul of the sojourner, for sojourners ye have been in the land of Egypt.
• Lev 19:15 : 15 `Ye do not do perversity in judgment; thou dost not lift up the face of the poor, nor honour the face of the great; in righteousness thou dost judge thy fellow.
• Lev 25:14 : 14 `And when thou sellest anything to thy fellow, or buyest from the hand of thy fellow, ye do not oppress one another;
• Deut 15:7-9 : 7 `When there is with thee any needy one of one of thy brethren, in one of thy cities, in thy land which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee, thou dost not harden thy heart, nor shut thy hand from thy needy brother; 8 for thou dost certainly open thy hand to him, and dost certainly lend him sufficient for his lack which he lacketh. 9 `Take heed to thee lest there be a word in thy heart -- worthless, saying, Near `is' the seventh year, the year of release; and thine eye is evil against thy needy brother, and thou dost not give to him, and he hath called concerning thee unto Jehovah, and it hath been in thee sin; 10 thou dost certainly give to him, and thy heart is not sad in thy giving to him, for because of this thing doth Jehovah thy God bless thee in all thy works, and in every putting forth of thy hand; 11 because the needy one doth not cease out of the land, therefore I am commanding thee, saying, Thou dost certainly open thy hand to thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy one, in thy land.
• Deut 24:17 : 17 `Thou dost not turn aside the judgment of a fatherless sojourner, nor take in pledge the garment of a widow;
• 1 Sam 12:3-4 : 3 `Lo, here `am' I; testify against me, over-against Jehovah, and over-against His anointed; whose ox have I taken, and whose ass have I taken, and whom have I oppressed; whom have I bruised, and of whose hand have I taken a ransom, and hide mine eyes with it? -- and I restore to you.' 4 And they say, `Thou hast not oppressed us, nor hast thou crushed us, nor hast thou taken from the hand of any one anything.'
• Job 22:6 : 6 For thou takest a pledge of thy brother for nought, And the garments of the naked Thou dost strip off.
• Job 24:3 : 3 The ass of the fatherless they lead away, They take in pledge the ox of the widow,
• Job 24:9 : 9 They take violently away From the breast the orphan, And on the poor they lay a pledge.
• Job 31:13-22 : 13 If I despise the cause of my man-servant, And of my handmaid, In their contending with me, 14 Then what do I do when God ariseth? And when He doth inspect, What do I answer Him? 15 Did not He that made me in the womb make him? Yea, prepare us in the womb doth One. 16 If I withhold from pleasure the poor, And the eyes of the widow do consume, 17 And I do eat my morsel by myself, And the orphan hath not eat of it, 18 (But from my youth He grew up with me as `with' a father, And from the belly of my mother I am led.) 19 If I see `any' perishing without clothing, And there is no covering to the needy, 20 If his loins have not blessed me, And from the fleece of my sheep He doth not warm himself, 21 If I have waved at the fatherless my hand, When I see in `him' the gate of my court, 22 My shoulder from its blade let fall, And mine arm from the bone be broken.
• Ps 41:1 : 1 To the Overseer. -- A Psalm of David. O the happiness of him Who is acting wisely unto the poor, In a day of evil doth Jehovah deliver him.
• Ps 112:4 : 4 Light hath risen in darkness to the upright, Gracious, and merciful, and righteous.
• Ps 112:9 : 9 He hath scattered -- hath given to the needy, His righteousness is standing for ever, His horn is exalted with honour.
• Prov 3:31 : 31 Be not envious of a man of violence, Nor fix thou on any of his ways.
• Prov 11:24-25 : 24 There is who is scattering, and yet is increased, And who is keeping back from uprightness, only to want. 25 A liberal soul is made fat, And whoso is watering, he also is watered.
• Prov 14:31 : 31 An oppressor of the poor reproacheth his Maker, And whoso is honouring Him Is favouring the needy.
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 Rob not the poor because he `is' poor, And bruise not the afflicted in the gate. 23 For Jehovah pleadeth their cause, And hath spoiled the soul of their spoilers.
• Prov 28:8 : 8 Whoso is multiplying his wealth by biting and usury, For one favouring the poor doth gather it.
• Prov 28:27 : 27 Whoso is giving to the poor hath no lack, And whoso is hiding his eyes multiplied curses.
• Isa 1:17 : 17 Seek judgment, make happy the oppressed, Judge the fatherless, strive `for' the widow.
• Isa 5:7 : 7 Because the vineyard of Jehovah of Hosts `Is' the house of Israel, And the man of Judah His pleasant plant, And He waiteth for judgment, and lo, oppression, For righteousness, and lo, a cry.
• Isa 33:15 : 15 Whoso is walking righteously, And is speaking uprightly, Kicking against gain of oppressions, Shaking his hands from taking hold on a bribe, Stopping his ear from hearing of blood, And shutting his eyes from looking on evil,
• Isa 58:6-9 : 6 Is not this the fast that I chose -- To loose the bands of wickedness, To shake off the burdens of the yoke, And to send out the oppressed free, And every yoke ye draw off? 7 Is it not to deal to the hungry thy bread, And the mourning poor bring home, That thou seest the naked and cover him, And from thine own flesh hide not thyself? 8 Then broken up as the dawn is thy light, And thy health in haste springeth up, Gone before thee hath thy righteousness, The honour of Jehovah doth gather thee. 9 Then thou callest, and Jehovah answereth, Thou criest, and He saith, `Behold Me.' If thou turn aside from thy midst the yoke, The sending forth of the finger, And the speaking of vanity, 10 And dost bring out to the hungry thy soul, And the afflicted soul dost satisfy, Then risen in the darkness hath thy light, And thy thick darkness `is' as noon. 11 And Jehovah doth lead thee continually, And hath satisfied in drought thy soul, And thy bones He armeth, And thou hast been as a watered garden, And as an outlet of waters, whose waters lie not.
• Isa 59:6-7 : 6 Their webs become not a garment, Nor do they cover themselves with their works, Their works `are' works of iniquity, And a deed of violence `is' in their hands. 7 Their feet to evil do run, And they haste to shed innocent blood, Their thoughts `are' thoughts of iniquity, Spoiling and destruction `are' in their highways.
• Jer 7:6-7 : 6 Sojourner, fatherless, and widow, ye oppress not, And innocent blood do not shed in this place, And after other gods do not walk, for evil to yourselves, 7 Then I have caused you to dwell in this place, In the land that I gave to your fathers, From age even unto age.
• Jer 22:3 : 3 Thus said Jehovah: Do ye judgment and righteousness, And deliver the plundered from the hand of the oppressor, And sojourner, orphan, and widow, ye do not oppress nor wrong, And innocent blood ye do not shed in this place.
• Jer 22:16-17 : 16 He decided the cause of the poor and needy, Then `it is' well -- is it not to know Me? An affirmation of Jehovah. 17 But thine eyes and thy heart are not, Except on thy dishonest gain, And on shedding of innocent blood, And on oppression, and on doing of violence.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Make the chain; for the land Hath been full of bloody judgments, And the city hath been full of violence.
• Amos 2:6 : 6 Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Israel, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their selling for silver the righteous, And the needy for a pair of sandals.