Ezekiel 25:12

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of the doings of Edom, In taking vengeance on the house of Judah, Yea, they are very guilty, And they have taken vengeance on them.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

kōh ʾāmar ʾădōnāy YHWH yaʿan ʿăśôt ʾĕdôm binqōm nāqām ləbêt yəhûdâ wayyeʾšəmû ʾāšôm wəniqqəmû bāhem

Grammar Details

• *kōh*: adverb - thus
• *ʾāmar*: qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says
• *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*: divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD
• *yaʿan*: conjunction - because
• *ʿăśôt*: qal infinitive construct - acting of
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper noun - Edom
• *binqōm*: preposition + qal infinitive construct - in taking
• *nāqām*: noun masculine singular - vengeance
• *ləbêt*: preposition + noun masculine singular construct - against the house of
• *yəhûdâ*: proper noun - Judah
• *wayyeʾšəmû*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they became guilty
• *ʾāšôm*: qal infinitive absolute - greatly guilty
• *wəniqqəmû*: waw conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they took revenge
• *bāhem*: preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on them

Word Meanings

• *binqōm* *nāqām*: in taking vengeance/by exacting revenge/through retribution
• *wayyeʾšəmû* *ʾāšôm*: and they became greatly guilty/and they incurred serious guilt/they bore heavy culpability
• *wəniqqəmû* *bāhem*: and they took revenge on them/and they avenged themselves on them

Referenced Verses

• Ps 137:7 : 7 Remember, Jehovah, for the sons of Edom, The day of Jerusalem, Those saying, `Rase, rase to its foundation!'
• Jer 49:7-9 : 7 Concerning Edom: `Thus said Jehovah of Hosts: Is wisdom no more in Teman? Perished hath counsel from the intelligent? Vanished hath their wisdom? 8 Flee, turn, go deep to dwell, ye inhabitants of Dedan, For the calamity of Esau I brought in upon him, The time I inspected him. 9 If gatherers have come in to thee, They do not leave gleanings, If thieves in the night, They have destroyed their sufficiency! 10 For I -- I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, And to be hidden he is not able, Spoiled `is' his seed, and his brethren, And his neighbours, and he is not. 11 Leave thine orphans -- I do keep alive, And thy widows -- on Me trust ye, 12 For thus said Jehovah: They whose judgment is not to drink of the cup, Do certainly drink, And thou `art' he that is entirely acquitted! Thou art not acquitted, for thou certainly drinkest. 13 For, by Myself, I have sworn, An affirmation of Jehovah, That for a desolation, for a reproach, For a waste, and for a reviling -- is Bozrah, And all her cities are for wastes age-during. 14 A report I have heard from Jehovah, And an ambassador among nations is sent, Gather yourselves and come in against her, And rise ye for battle. 15 For, lo, little I have made thee among nations, Despised among men. 16 Thy terribleness hath lifted thee up, The pride of thy heart, O dweller in clefts of the rock, Holding the high place of the height, For thou makest high as an eagle thy nest, From thence I bring thee down, An affirmation of Jehovah. 17 And Edom hath been for a desolation, Every passer by her is astonished, And doth hiss because of all her plagues. 18 As the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, And its neighbours, said Jehovah, No one doth dwell there, Nor sojourn in her doth a son of man. 19 Lo, as a lion he cometh up, Because of the rising of the Jordan, Unto the enduring habitation, But I cause to rest, I cause him to run from off her, And who is chosen? concerning her I lay a charge, For who is like Me? and who conveneth Me? And who `is' this shepherd who standeth before Me? 20 Therefore, hear ye the counsel of Jehovah, That He hath counselled concerning Edom, And His devices that He hath devised Concerning the inhabitants of Teman: Drag them out do not little ones of the flock, Make desolate over them doth he not their habitation? 21 From the noise of their fall hath the earth shaken, The cry -- at the sea of Suph is its voice heard. 22 Lo, as an eagle he cometh up, and flieth, And he spreadeth his wings over Bozrah, And the heart of the mighty of Edom hath been in that day, As the heart of a distressed woman!'
• Ezek 25:8 : 8 Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of the saying of Moab and Seir: Lo, as all the nations `is' the house of Judah;
• Amos 1:11-12 : 11 Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of his pursuing with a sword his brother, And he hath destroyed his mercies, And tear perpetually doth his anger, And his wrath -- he hath kept it for ever, 12 And I have sent a fire against Teman, And it hath consumed palaces of Bozrah.
• Obad 1:10-16 : 10 For slaughter, for violence `to' thy brother Jacob, Cover thee doth shame, And thou hast been cut off -- to the age. 11 In the day of thy standing over-against, In the day of strangers taking captive his force, And foreigners have entered his gates, And for Jerusalem have cast a lot, Even thou `art' as one of them! 12 And -- thou dost not look on the day of thy brother, On the day of his alienation, Nor dost thou rejoice over sons of Judah, In the day of their destruction, Nor make great thy mouth in a day of distress. 13 Nor come into a gate of My people in a day of their calamity, Nor look, even thou, on its misfortune in a day of its calamity, Nor send forth against its force in a day of its calamity, 14 Nor stand by the breach to cut off its escaped, Nor deliver up its remnant in a day of distress. 15 For near `is' the day of Jehovah, on all the nations, As thou hast done, it is done to thee, Thy deed doth turn back on thine own head. 16 For -- as ye have drunk on My holy mount, Drink do all the nations continually, And they have drunk and have swallowed, And they have been as they have not been.
• Gen 27:41-42 : 41 And Esau hateth Jacob, because of the blessing with which his father blessed him, and Esau saith in his heart, `The days of mourning `for' my father draw near, and I slay Jacob my brother.' 42 And the words of Esau her elder son are declared to Rebekah, and she sendeth and calleth for Jacob her younger son, and saith unto him, `Lo, Esau thy brother is comforting himself in regard to thee -- to slay thee;
• 2 Chr 28:17-18 : 17 and again the Edomites have come, and smite in Judah, and take captive a captivity. 18 And the Philistines have rushed against the cities of the low country, and of the south of Judah, and capture Beth-Shemesh, and Aijalon, and Gederoth, and Shocho and its villages, and Timnah and its villages, and Gimzo and its villages, and dwell there,
• Ezek 35:1-9 : 1 And there is a word of Jehovah unto me, saying: 2 `Son of man, set thy face against mount Seir, and prophesy against it, 3 and thou hast said to it: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, O mount Seir, And have stretched out My hand against thee, And made thee a desolation and an astonishment. 4 Thy cities a waste I make, and thou art a desolation, And thou hast known that I `am' Jehovah. 5 Because of thy having an enmity age-during, And thou dost saw the sons of Israel, By the hands of the sword, In the time of their calamity, In the time of the iniquity of the end: 6 Therefore, I live -- an affirmation of the Lord Jehovah, Surely for blood I do appoint thee, And blood doth pursue thee, If blood thou hast not hated, Blood also doth pursue thee. 7 And I have given mount Seir for a desolation and an astonishment, And have cut off from it him who is passing over and him who is returning, 8 And filled his mountains with his wounded, Thy hills, and thy valleys, and all thy streams, The pierced of the sword fall into them. 9 Desolations age-during I make thee, And thy cities do not return, And ye have known that I `am' Jehovah. 10 Because of thy saying: The two nations and the two lands are mine, and we have possessed it, And Jehovah hath been there; 11 Therefore, I live -- an affirmation of the Lord Jehovah, And I have done according to thine anger, And according to thine envy, With which thou hast wrought, Because of thy hatred against them, And I have been known among them when I judge thee. 12 And thou hast known that I -- Jehovah, I have heard all thy despisings that thou hast spoken Against mountains of Israel, saying: A desolation, to us they were given for food. 13 And ye magnify yourselves against Me with your mouth, And have made abundant against Me your words, I -- I have heard. 14 Thus said the Lord Jehovah: According to the rejoicing of the whole land, A desolation I make of thee. 15 According to thy joy at the inheritance of the house of Israel because of desolation, So I do to thee -- a desolation thou art, O mount Seir, and all Edom -- all of it, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah!