Isaiah 34:5

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

For soaked in the heavens was My sword, Lo, on Edom it cometh down, On the people of My curse for judgment.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּֽי־רִוְּתָ֥ה בַשָּׁמַ֖יִם חַרְבִּ֑י הִנֵּה֙ עַל־אֱד֣וֹם תֵּרֵ֔ד וְעַל־עַ֥ם חֶרְמִ֖י לְמִשְׁפָּֽט׃

Transliteration

kî-riwwĕtâ baššāmayim ḥarbî hinnēh ʿal-ʾĕdôm tērēd wĕʿal-ʿam ḥermî lĕmišpāṭ

Grammar Details

• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *riwwĕtâ*: piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has drunk its fill/is saturated
• *baššāmayim*: preposition + definite article + masculine dual noun - in the heavens
• *ḥarbî*: feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my sword
• *hinnēh*: interjection - behold/lo
• *ʿal*: preposition - upon/against
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper noun - Edom
• *tērēd*: qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will come down/descend
• *wĕʿal*: conjunction + preposition - and upon
• *ʿam*: masculine singular construct - people of
• *ḥermî*: masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my destruction/ban
• *lĕmišpāṭ*: preposition + masculine singular noun - for judgment

Word Meanings

• *riwwĕtâ*: has drunk its fill/is saturated/is drenched
• *baššāmayim*: in the heavens/in the sky
• *ḥarbî*: my sword/my weapon
• *hinnēh*: behold/look/see
• *ʾĕdôm*: Edom (nation south of Judah)
• *tērēd*: will come down/will descend/will fall
• *ʿam*: people/nation
• *ḥermî*: my destruction/my ban/my devoted thing/people I have devoted to destruction
• *lĕmišpāṭ*: for judgment/for justice/for a verdict

Referenced Verses

• Mal 1:4 : 4 Because Edom saith, `We have been made poor, And we turn back and we build the wastes,' Thus said Jehovah of Hosts: They do build, and I do destroy, And `men' have called to them, `O region of wickedness,' `O people whom Jehovah defied to the age.'
• Amos 1:11-12 : 11 Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Edom, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of his pursuing with a sword his brother, And he hath destroyed his mercies, And tear perpetually doth his anger, And his wrath -- he hath kept it for ever, 12 And I have sent a fire against Teman, And it hath consumed palaces of Bozrah.
• Isa 63:1 : 1 `Who `is' this coming from Edom? With dyed garments from Bozrah? This that is honourable in his clothing, Travelling in the abundance of his power?' -- `I, speaking in righteousness, mighty to save.'
• Jer 46:10 : 10 And that day `is' to the Lord Jehovah of Hosts A day of vengeance, To be avenged of His adversaries, And the sword hath devoured, and been satisfied, And it hath been watered from their blood, For a sacrifice `is' to the Lord Jehovah of Hosts, In the land of the north, by the river Phrat.
• Jer 49:7-9 : 7 Concerning Edom: `Thus said Jehovah of Hosts: Is wisdom no more in Teman? Perished hath counsel from the intelligent? Vanished hath their wisdom? 8 Flee, turn, go deep to dwell, ye inhabitants of Dedan, For the calamity of Esau I brought in upon him, The time I inspected him. 9 If gatherers have come in to thee, They do not leave gleanings, If thieves in the night, They have destroyed their sufficiency! 10 For I -- I have made Esau bare, I have uncovered his secret places, And to be hidden he is not able, Spoiled `is' his seed, and his brethren, And his neighbours, and he is not. 11 Leave thine orphans -- I do keep alive, And thy widows -- on Me trust ye, 12 For thus said Jehovah: They whose judgment is not to drink of the cup, Do certainly drink, And thou `art' he that is entirely acquitted! Thou art not acquitted, for thou certainly drinkest. 13 For, by Myself, I have sworn, An affirmation of Jehovah, That for a desolation, for a reproach, For a waste, and for a reviling -- is Bozrah, And all her cities are for wastes age-during. 14 A report I have heard from Jehovah, And an ambassador among nations is sent, Gather yourselves and come in against her, And rise ye for battle. 15 For, lo, little I have made thee among nations, Despised among men. 16 Thy terribleness hath lifted thee up, The pride of thy heart, O dweller in clefts of the rock, Holding the high place of the height, For thou makest high as an eagle thy nest, From thence I bring thee down, An affirmation of Jehovah. 17 And Edom hath been for a desolation, Every passer by her is astonished, And doth hiss because of all her plagues. 18 As the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, And its neighbours, said Jehovah, No one doth dwell there, Nor sojourn in her doth a son of man. 19 Lo, as a lion he cometh up, Because of the rising of the Jordan, Unto the enduring habitation, But I cause to rest, I cause him to run from off her, And who is chosen? concerning her I lay a charge, For who is like Me? and who conveneth Me? And who `is' this shepherd who standeth before Me? 20 Therefore, hear ye the counsel of Jehovah, That He hath counselled concerning Edom, And His devices that He hath devised Concerning the inhabitants of Teman: Drag them out do not little ones of the flock, Make desolate over them doth he not their habitation? 21 From the noise of their fall hath the earth shaken, The cry -- at the sea of Suph is its voice heard. 22 Lo, as an eagle he cometh up, and flieth, And he spreadeth his wings over Bozrah, And the heart of the mighty of Edom hath been in that day, As the heart of a distressed woman!'
• Ezek 21:3-5 : 3 and thou hast said unto the ground of Israel: Thus said Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, And have brought out My sword from its scabbard, And have cut off from thee righteous and wicked. 4 Because that I have cut off from thee righteous and wicked, Therefore go out doth My sword from its scabbard, Unto all flesh, from south to north. 5 And known have all flesh that I, Jehovah, Have brought out My sword from its scabbard, It doth not turn back any more.
• Ezek 25:12-14 : 12 Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of the doings of Edom, In taking vengeance on the house of Judah, Yea, they are very guilty, And they have taken vengeance on them. 13 Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: I have stretched out My hand against Edom, And I have cut off from it man and beast, And given it up -- a waste, from Teman even to Dedan, By sword they do fall. 14 And I have given My vengeance on Edom, By the hand of My people Israel, And they have done in Edom, According to My anger, and according to My fury, And they have known My vengeance, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.
• Obad 1:1-9 : 1 Thus said the Lord Jehovah to Edom, A report we have heard from Jehovah, And an ambassador among nations was sent, `Rise, yea, let us rise against her for battle.' 2 Lo, little I have made thee among nations, Despised `art' thou exceedingly. 3 The pride of thy heart hath lifted thee up, O dweller in clifts of a rock, (A high place `is' his habitation, He is saying in his heart, `Who doth bring me down `to' earth?') 4 If thou dost go up high as an eagle, And if between stars thou dost set thy nest, From thence I bring thee down, An affirmation of Jehovah. 5 If thieves have come in to thee, If spoilers of the night, How hast thou been cut off! Do they not steal their sufficiency? If gatherers have come in to thee, Do they not leave gleanings? 6 How hath Esau been searched out! Flowed out have his hidden things, 7 Unto the border sent thee have all thine allies, Forgotten thee, prevailed over thee, have thy friends, Thy bread they make a snare under thee, There is no understanding in him! 8 Is it not in that day -- an affirmation of Jehovah, That I have destroyed the wise out of Edom, And understanding out of the mount of Esau? 9 And broken down have been thy mighty ones, O Teman, So that every one of the mount of Esau is cut off. 10 For slaughter, for violence `to' thy brother Jacob, Cover thee doth shame, And thou hast been cut off -- to the age. 11 In the day of thy standing over-against, In the day of strangers taking captive his force, And foreigners have entered his gates, And for Jerusalem have cast a lot, Even thou `art' as one of them! 12 And -- thou dost not look on the day of thy brother, On the day of his alienation, Nor dost thou rejoice over sons of Judah, In the day of their destruction, Nor make great thy mouth in a day of distress. 13 Nor come into a gate of My people in a day of their calamity, Nor look, even thou, on its misfortune in a day of its calamity, Nor send forth against its force in a day of its calamity, 14 Nor stand by the breach to cut off its escaped, Nor deliver up its remnant in a day of distress.
• Zeph 2:12 : 12 Also ye, O Cushim, pierced of My sword `are' they.
• Matt 25:41 : 41 Then shall he say also to those on the left hand, Go ye from me, the cursed, to the fire, the age-during, that hath been prepared for the Devil and his messengers;
• Ezek 21:9-9 : 9 `Son of man, prophesy, and thou hast said, Thus said Jehovah, say: A sword, a sword is sharpened, and also polished. 10 So as to slaughter a slaughter it is sharpened. So as to have brightness it is polished, Desire hath rejoiced the sceptre of my son, It is despising every tree. 11 And he giveth it for polishing, For laying hold of by the hand. It is sharpened -- the sword -- and polished, To give it into the hand of a slayer.
• Jer 47:6 : 6 Ho, sword of Jehovah, till when art thou not quiet? Be removed unto thy sheath, rest and cease.
• Deut 27:15-26 : 15 `Cursed `is' the man who maketh a graven and molten image, the abomination of Jehovah, work of the hands of an artificer, and hath put `it' in a secret place, -- and all the people have answered and said, Amen. 16 `Cursed `is' He who is making light of his father and his mother, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 17 `Cursed `is' he who is removing his neighbour's border, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 18 `Cursed `is' he who is causing the blind to err in the way, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 19 `Cursed `is' he who is turning aside the judgment of fatherless, sojourner, and widow, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 20 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his father's wife, for he hath uncovered his father's skirt, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 21 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with any beast, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 22 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his sister, daughter of his father, or daughter of his mother, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 23 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his mother-in-law, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 24 `Cursed `is' he who is smiting his neighbour in secret, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 25 `Cursed `is' he who is taking a bribe to smite a person, innocent blood, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 26 `Cursed `is' he who doth not establish the words of this law, to do them, -- and all the people have said, Amen.
• Deut 29:18-21 : 18 lest there be among you a man or woman, or family or tribe, whose heart is turning to-day from Jehovah our God, to go to serve the gods of those nations, lest there be in you a root fruitful of gall and wormwood: 19 `And it hath been, in his hearing the words of this oath, and he hath blessed himself in his heart, saying, I have peace, though in the stubbornness of my heart I go on, in order to end the fulness with the thirst. 20 Jehovah is not willing to be propitious to him, for then doth the anger of Jehovah smoke, also His zeal, against that man, and lain down on him hath all the oath which is written in this book, and Jehovah hath blotted out his name from under the heavens, 21 and Jehovah hath separated him for evil, out of all the tribes of Israel, according to all the oaths of the covenant which is written in this book of the law.
• Deut 32:14 : 14 Butter of the herd, and milk of the flock, With fat of lambs, and rams, sons of Bashan, And he-goats, with fat of kidneys of wheat; And of the blood of the grape thou dost drink wine!
• Deut 32:41-42 : 41 If I have sharpened the brightness of My sword, And My hand doth lay hold on judgment, I turn back vengeance to Mine adversaries, And to those hating Me -- I repay! 42 I make drunk Mine arrows with blood, And My sword devoureth flesh, From the blood of the pierced and captive, From the head of the freemen of the enemy.
• Ps 17:13 : 13 Arise, O Jehovah, go before his face, Cause him to bend. Deliver my soul from the wicked, Thy sword,
• Ps 137:7 : 7 Remember, Jehovah, for the sons of Edom, The day of Jerusalem, Those saying, `Rase, rase to its foundation!'
• Isa 24:6 : 6 Therefore a curse hath consumed the land, And the inhabitants in it are become desolate, Therefore consumed have been inhabitants of the land, And few men have been left.
• 1 Cor 16:22 : 22 if any one doth not love the Lord Jesus Christ -- let him be anathema! The Lord hath come!
• Gal 3:10 : 10 for as many as are of works of law are under a curse, for it hath been written, `Cursed `is' every one who is not remaining in all things that have been written in the Book of the Law -- to do them,'
• 2 Pet 2:14 : 14 having eyes full of adultery, and unable to cease from sin, enticing unstable souls, having an heart exercised in covetousnesses, children of a curse,
• Rev 1:16 : 16 and having in his right hand seven stars, and out of his mouth a sharp two-edged sword is proceeding, and his countenance `is' as the sun shining in its might.