Isaiah 34:2

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

For wrath `is' to Jehovah against all the nations, And fury against all their host, He hath devoted them to destruction, He hath given them to slaughter.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּ֣י קֶ֤צֶף לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְחֵמָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם נְתָנָ֥ם לַטָּֽבַח׃

Transliteration

kî qeṣep lāyhwh ʿal-kāl-haggôyim wĕḥēmâ ʿal-kāl-ṣĕbāʾām heḥĕrîmām nĕtānām laṭṭābaḥ

Grammar Details

• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *qeṣep*: masculine singular noun - wrath/anger
• *lāyhwh*: preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH
• *ʿal*: preposition - upon/against
• *kāl*: construct form - all of
• *haggôyim*: definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations
• *wĕḥēmâ*: conjunction + feminine singular noun - and fury/rage
• *ṣĕbāʾām*: masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host/army
• *heḥĕrîmām*: hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has utterly destroyed them
• *nĕtānām*: qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them
• *laṭṭābaḥ*: preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the slaughter

Word Meanings

• *qeṣep*: wrath/anger/indignation/rage
• *haggôyim*: the nations/the gentiles/the peoples
• *ḥēmâ*: fury/rage/hot anger/wrath
• *ṣĕbāʾām*: their host/their army/their multitude
• *heḥĕrîmām*: he has devoted them to destruction/utterly destroyed them/banned them
• *nĕtānām*: he has given them/delivered them/handed them over
• *laṭṭābaḥ*: to the slaughter/to the butchering/to the killing

Referenced Verses

• Isa 13:5 : 5 They are coming in from a land afar off, From the end of the heavens, Jehovah and the instruments of His indignation, To destroy all the land.
• Isa 24:1-9 : 1 Lo, Jehovah is emptying the land, And is making it waste, And hath overturned `it on' its face, And hath scattered its inhabitants. 2 And it hath been -- as a people so a priest, As the servant so his master, As the maid-servant so her mistress, As the buyer so the seller, As the lender so the borrower, As the usurer so he who is lifting `it' on himself. 3 Utterly emptied is the land, and utterly spoiled, For Jehovah hath spoken this word: 4 Mourned, faded hath the land, Languished, faded hath the world, Languished have they -- the high place of the people of the land. 5 And the land hath been defiled under its inhabitants, Because they have transgressed laws, They have changed a statute, They have made void a covenant age-during. 6 Therefore a curse hath consumed the land, And the inhabitants in it are become desolate, Therefore consumed have been inhabitants of the land, And few men have been left. 7 Mourned hath the new wine, languished the vine, Sighed have all the joyful of heart. 8 Ceased hath the joy of tabrets, Ceased hath the noise of exulting ones, Ceased hath the joy of a harp. 9 With a song they drink not wine, Bitter is strong drink to those drinking it. 10 It was broken down -- a city of emptiness, Shut hath been every house from entrance. 11 A cry over the wine `is' in out-places, Darkened hath been all joy, Removed hath been the joy of the land. 12 Left in the city `is' desolation, And `with' wasting is the gate smitten. 13 When thus it is in the heart of the land, In the midst of the peoples, As the compassing of the olive, As gleanings when harvest hath been finished, 14 They -- they lift up their voice, They sing of the excellency of Jehovah, They have cried aloud from the sea. 15 Therefore in prosperity honour ye Jehovah, In isles of the sea, the name of Jehovah, God of Israel. 16 From the skirt of the earth we heard songs, The desire of the righteous. And I say, `Leanness `is' to me, Leanness `is' to me, wo `is' to me.' Treacherous dealers dealt treacherously, Yea, treachery, treacherous dealers dealt treacherously. 17 Fear, and a snare, and a gin, `Are' on thee, O inhabitant of the land. 18 And it hath come to pass, He who is fleeing from the noise of the fear Doth fall into the snare, And he who is coming up from the midst of the snare, Is captured by the gin, For windows on high have been opened, And shaken are foundations of the land. 19 Utterly broken down hath been the land, Utterly broken hath been the land, Utterly moved hath been the land. 20 Stagger greatly doth the land as a drunkard, And it hath been moved as a lodge, And heavy on it hath been its transgression, And it hath fallen, and addeth not to rise. 21 And it hath come to pass, in that day, Jehovah layeth a charge on the host of the high place in the high place, And on the kings of the land on the land. 22 And they have been gathered -- A gathering of bound ones in a pit, And shut up they have been in a prison, And after a multitude of days are inspected. 23 And confounded hath been the moon, And ashamed hath been the sun, For reigned hath Jehovah of Hosts In mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, And over-against His elders -- honour!
• Isa 30:25 : 25 And there hath been on every high mount, And on every exalted hill, Rivulets -- streams of waters, In a day of much slaughter, in the falling of towers.
• Isa 30:27-30 : 27 Lo, the name of Jehovah is coming from far, Burning is His anger, and great the flame, His lips have been full of indignation, And His tongue `is' as a devouring fire. 28 And His breath `is' as an overflowing stream, Unto the neck it divideth, To sift nations with a sieve of vanity, And a bridle causing to err, `Is' on the jaws of the peoples. 29 Singing is to you as in a night sanctified for a festival, And joy of heart as he who is going with a pipe, To go in to the mountain of Jehovah, Unto the rock of Israel. 30 And caused to be heard hath Jehovah The honour of His voice, And the coming down of His arm He doth shew with the raging of anger, And the flame of a consuming fire, Scattering, and inundation, and hailstone.
• Jer 25:15-29 : 15 `For thus said Jehovah God of Israel unto me, Take the wine cup of this fury out of My hand, and thou hast caused all the nations to drink it unto whom I am sending thee; 16 And they have drunk, and shaken themselves and shewn themselves foolish, because of the sword that I am sending among them. 17 `And I take the cup out of the hand of Jehovah, and cause all the nations to drink unto whom Jehovah sent me: 18 Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, And its kings, its heads, To give them to waste, to astonishment, To hissing, and to reviling, as `at' this day. 19 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, And his heads, and all his people, 20 And all the mixed people, And all the kings of the land of Uz, And all the kings of the land of the Philistines, And Ashkelon, and Gazzah, and Ekron, And the remnant of Ashdod, 21 Edom, and Moab, and the sons of Ammon, 22 And all the kings of Tyre, And all the kings of Zidon, And the kings of the isle that `is' beyond the sea, 23 Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, And all cutting the corners `of the beard', 24 And all the kings of Arabia, And all the kings of the mixed people, Who are dwelling in the wilderness, 25 And all the kings of Zimri, And all the kings of Elam, And all the kings of Media, 26 And all the kings of the north, The near and the far off, one unto another, And all the kingdoms of the earth, That `are' on the face of the ground, And king Sheshach drinketh after them. 27 And thou hast said unto them: Thus said Jehovah of Hosts God of Israel, Drink ye, yea drink abundantly, And vomit, and fall, and rise not, Because of the sword that I am sending among you. 28 And it hath come to pass, When they refuse to receive the cup out of thy hand to drink, That thou hast said unto them: Thus said Jehovah of Hosts, Ye do certainly drink. 29 For lo, in the city over which My name is called, I am beginning to do evil, And ye -- ye are entirely acquitted! Ye are not acquitted, for a sword I am proclaiming, For all inhabitants of the land, An affirmation of Jehovah of Hosts.
• Joel 3:9-9 : 9 Proclaim ye this among nations, Sanctify a war, stir up the mighty ones, Come nigh, come up, let all the men of war. 10 Beat your ploughshares to swords, And your pruning-hooks to javelins, Let the weak say, `I `am' mighty.' 11 Haste, and come in, all ye nations round, And be gathered together, Thither cause to come down, O Jehovah, Thy mighty ones. 12 Wake and come up let the nations unto the valley of Jehoshaphat, For there I sit to judge all the nations around. 13 Send ye forth a sickle, For ripened hath harvest, Come in, come down, for filled hath been the press, Overflowed hath wine-presses, For great `is' their wickedness. 14 Multitudes, multitudes `are' in the valley of decision, For near `is' the day of Jehovah in the valley of decision.
• Amos 1:1-2 : 1 Words of Amos -- who hath been among herdsmen of Tekoa -- that he hath seen concerning Israel, in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the shaking; 2 and he saith: Jehovah from Zion doth roar, And from Jerusalem giveth forth His voice, And mourned have pastures of the shepherds, And withered hath the top of Carmel!
• Nah 1:2-6 : 2 A God zealous and avenging `is' Jehovah, An avenger `is' Jehovah, and possessing fury. An avenger `is' Jehovah on His adversaries, And He is watching for His enemies. 3 Jehovah `is' slow to anger, and great in power, And Jehovah doth not entirely acquit, In a hurricane and in a tempest `is' His way, And a cloud `is' the dust of His feet. 4 He is pushing against a sea, and drieth it up, Yea, all the floods He hath made dry, Languishing `are' Bashan and Carmel, Yea, the flower of Lebanon `is' languishing. 5 Mountains have shaken because of Him, And the hills have been melted; And lifted up `is' the earth at His presence, And the world and all dwelling in it. 6 Before His indignation who doth stand? And who riseth up in the heat of His anger? His fury hath been poured out like fire, And the rocks have been broken by Him.
• Zeph 3:8 : 8 Therefore, wait for Me -- an affirmation of Jehovah, For the day of My rising for prey, For My judgment `is' to gather nations, To assemble kingdoms, To pour out on them Mine indignation, All the heat of Mine anger, For by the fire of My jealousy consumed is all the earth.
• Zech 14:3 : 3 And gone forth hath Jehovah, And He hath fought against those nations, As in the day of His fighting in a day of conflict.
• Zech 14:12-16 : 12 And this is the plague with which Jehovah Doth plague all the peoples who have warred against Jerusalem, He hath consumed away its flesh, And it is standing on its feet, And its eyes are consumed in their holes, And its tongue is consumed in their mouth. 13 And it hath come to pass, in that day, A great destruction `from' Jehovah is among them, And they have seized each the hand of his neighbour, And gone up hath his hand against the hand of his neighbour. 14 And also Judah is fought with in Jerusalem, And gathered hath been the force of all the nations round about, Gold, and silver, and apparel, in great abundance. 15 And so is the plague of the horse, of the mule, Of the camel, and of the ass, And of all the cattle that are in these camps, As this plague. 16 And it hath come to pass, Every one who hath been left of all the nations, Who are coming in against Jerusalem, They have also gone up from year to year, To bow themselves to the King, Jehovah of Hosts, And to celebrate the feast of the booths.
• Rom 1:18 : 18 for revealed is the wrath of God from heaven upon all impiety and unrighteousness of men, holding down the truth in unrighteousness.
• Rev 6:12-17 : 12 And I saw when he opened the sixth seal, and lo, a great earthquake came, and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood, 13 and the stars of the heaven fell to the earth -- as a fig-tree doth cast her winter figs, by a great wind being shaken -- 14 and heaven departed as a scroll rolled up, and every mountain and island -- out of their places they were moved; 15 and the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich, and the chiefs of thousands, and the mighty, and every servant, and every freeman, hid themselves in the dens, and in the rocks of the mountains, 16 and they say to the mountains and to the rocks, `Fall upon us, and hide us from the face of Him who is sitting upon the throne, and from the anger of the Lamb,' 17 because come did the great day of His anger, and who is able to stand?
• Rev 14:15-20 : 15 and another messenger did come forth out of the sanctuary crying in a great voice to him who is sitting upon the cloud, `Send forth thy sickle and reap, because come to thee hath the hour of reaping, because ripe hath been the harvest of the earth;' 16 and he who is sitting upon the cloud did put forth his sickle upon the earth, and the earth was reaped. 17 And another messenger did come forth out of the sanctuary that `is' in the heaven, having -- he also -- a sharp sickle, 18 and another messenger did come forth out from the altar, having authority over the fire, and he called with a great cry to him having the sharp sickle, saying, `Send forth thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, because come to perfection have her grapes;' 19 and the messenger did put forth his sickle to the earth, and did gather the vine of the earth, and did cast `it' to the great wine-press of the wrath of God; 20 and trodden was the wine-press outside of the city, and blood did come forth out of the wine-press -- unto the bridles of the horses, a thousand, six hundred furlongs.
• Rev 19:15-21 : 15 and out of his mouth doth proceed a sharp sword, that with it he may smite the nations, and he shall rule them with a rod of iron, and he doth tread the press of the wine of the wrath and the anger of God the Almighty, 16 and he hath upon the garment and upon his thigh the name written, `King of kings, and Lord of lords.' 17 And I saw one messenger standing in the sun, and he cried, a great voice, saying to all the birds that are flying in mid-heaven, `Come and be gathered together to the supper of the great God, 18 that ye may eat flesh of kings, and flesh of chiefs of thousands, and flesh of strong men, and flesh of horses, and of those sitting on them, and the flesh of all -- freemen and servants -- both small and great.' 19 And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, having been gathered together to make war with him who is sitting upon the horse, and with his army; 20 and the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet who did the signs before him, in which he led astray those who did receive the mark of the beast, and those who did bow before his image; living they were cast -- the two -- to the lake of the fire, that is burning with brimstone; 21 and the rest were killed with the sword of him who is sitting on the horse, which `sword' is proceeding out of his mouth, and all the birds were filled out of their flesh.
• Rev 20:9 : 9 and they did go up over the breadth of the land, and did surround the camp of the saints, and the beloved city, and there came down fire from God out of the heaven, and devoured them;
• Rev 20:15 : 15 and if any one was not found written in the scroll of the life, he was cast to the lake of the fire.