Isaiah 23:1

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

The Burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish, For it hath been destroyed, Without house, without entrance, From the land of Chittim it was revealed to them.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃

Transliteration

Maśśā Ṣōr hêlîlû ʾŏnîyôt Taršîš kî-šuddad mibbayit mibbôʾ from-ʾereṣ Kittîm niglāh-to-them

Grammar Details

• *Maśśā*: construct, masculine singular - burden/oracle against
• *Ṣōr*: proper noun - Tyre
• *hêlîlû*: imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl
• *ʾŏnîyôt*: noun, feminine plural - ships
• *Taršîš*: proper noun - Tarshish
• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *šuddad*: pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is devastated/destroyed
• *mibbayit*: preposition + noun - from house/home
• *mibbôʾ*: preposition + infinitive construct - from entering/coming
• *ʾereṣ*: noun, feminine singular construct - land of
• *Kittîm*: proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus/Mediterranean islands
• *niglāh*-*lāmô*: niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - it is revealed to them

Word Meanings

• *Maśśā*: burden/oracle/pronouncement/prophecy
• *šuddad*: destroyed/devastated/laid waste
• *mibbayit*: from house/without a house/from port
• *mibbôʾ*: from entering/from harbor/from haven
• *Kittîm*: Cyprus/Mediterranean coast/Greek islands
• *niglāh*-*lāmô*: it is revealed/disclosed/made known to them

Referenced Verses

• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 And also, what `are' ye to Me, O Tyre and Zidon, And all circuits of Philistia? Recompence are ye rendering unto Me? And if ye are giving recompence to Me, Swiftly, hastily, I turn back your recompence on your head. 5 In that My silver and My gold ye took, And My desirable things that are good, Ye have brought in to your temples. 6 And sons of Judah, and sons of Jerusalem, Ye have sold to the sons of Javan, To put them far off from their border. 7 Lo, I am stirring them up out of the place Whither ye have sold them, And I have turned back your recompence on your head, 8 And have sold your sons and your daughters Into the hand of the sons of Judah, And they have sold them to Shabeans, Unto a nation far off, for Jehovah hath spoken.
• Amos 1:9-9 : 9 Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their delivering up a complete captivity to Edom, And they remembered not the brotherly covenant, 10 And I have sent a fire against the wall of Tyre, And it hath consumed her palaces.
• Gen 10:4 : 4 And sons of Javan `are' Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim.
• Isa 2:16 : 16 And for all ships of Tarshish, And for all desirable pictures.
• Jer 25:22 : 22 And all the kings of Tyre, And all the kings of Zidon, And the kings of the isle that `is' beyond the sea,
• Jer 47:4 : 4 Because of the day that hath come to spoil all the Philistines, To cut off to Tyre and to Zidon every helping remnant. For Jehovah is spoiling the Philistines, The remnant of the isle of Caphtor.
• Isa 23:12 : 12 And He saith, `Thou dost not add any more to exult, O oppressed one, virgin daughter of Zidon, To Chittim arise, pass over, Even there -- there is no rest for thee.'
• 1 Kgs 10:22 : 22 for a navy of Tarshish hath the king at sea with a navy of Hiram; once in three years cometh the navy of Tarshish, bearing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.
• 1 Kgs 22:48 : 48 Jehoshaphat made ships at Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, and they went not, for the ships were broken in Ezion-Geber.
• Zech 9:2-4 : 2 And also Hamath doth border thereon, Tyre and Zidon, for -- very wise! 3 And Tyre doth build a bulwark to herself, And doth heap silver as dust, And gold as mire of out-places. 4 Lo, the Lord doth dispossess her, And He hath smitten in the sea her force, And she with fire is consumed.
• Jer 2:10 : 10 For, pass to the isles of Chittim, and see, And to Kedar send, and consider well, And see if there hath been like this:
• Jer 25:10-11 : 10 And I have destroyed from them the voice of rejoicing, and the voice of joy, voice of bridegroom and voice of bride, noise of millstones, and the light of lamps. 11 And all this land hath been for a waste, for an astonishment, and these nations have served the king of Babylon seventy years.
• Jer 25:15 : 15 `For thus said Jehovah God of Israel unto me, Take the wine cup of this fury out of My hand, and thou hast caused all the nations to drink it unto whom I am sending thee;
• Rev 18:17-19 : 17 `And every shipmaster, and all the company upon the ships, and sailors, and as many as work the sea, far off stood, 18 and were crying, seeing the smoke of her burning, saying, What `city is' like to the great city? 19 and they did cast dust upon their heads, and were crying out, weeping and sorrowing, saying, Wo, wo, the great city! in which were made rich all having ships in the sea, out of her costliness -- for in one hour was she made waste.
• Rev 18:22-23 : 22 and voice of harpers, and musicians, and pipers, and trumpeters, may not be heard at all in thee any more; and any artizan of any art may not be found at all in thee any more; and noise of a millstone may not be heard at all in thee any more; 23 and light of a lamp may not shine at all in thee any more; and voice of bridegroom and of bride may not be heard at all in thee any more; because thy merchants were the great ones of the earth, because in thy sorcery were all the nations led astray,
• 2 Chr 9:21 : 21 for ships of the king are going to Tarshish, with servants of Huram: once in three years come do the ships of Tarshish bearing gold, and silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.
• Ps 48:7 : 7 By an east wind Thou shiverest ships of Tarshish.
• Num 24:24 : 24 And -- ships `are' from the side of Chittim, And they have humbled Asshur, And they have humbled Eber, And it also for ever is perishing.'
• Josh 19:29 : 29 and the border hath turned back to Ramah, and unto the fenced city Tyre; and the border hath turned back to Hosah, and its outgoings are at the sea, from the coast to Achzib,
• 1 Kgs 5:1 : 1 And Hiram king of Tyre sendeth his servants unto Solomon, for he heard that they had anointed him for king instead of his father, for Hiram was a lover of David all the days;
• Isa 24:10 : 10 It was broken down -- a city of emptiness, Shut hath been every house from entrance.
• Isa 60:9 : 9 Surely for Me isles do wait, And ships of Tarshish first, To bring thy sons from afar, Their silver and their gold with them, To the name of Jehovah thy God, And to the Holy One of Israel, Because He hath beautified thee.
• Isa 15:1-2 : 1 The burden of Moab. Because in a night destroyed was Ar of Moab -- It hath been cut off, Because in a night destroyed was Kir of Moab -- It hath been cut off. 2 He hath gone up to Bajith and Dibon, The high places -- to weep, On Nebo and on Medeba Moab howleth, On all its heads `is' baldness, every beard cut off.
• Isa 15:8 : 8 For gone round hath the cry the border of Moab, Unto Eglaim `is' its howling, And to Beer-Elim `is' its howling.
• Ezek 26:1-28:24 : 1 And it cometh to pass, in the eleventh year, in the first of the month, there hath been a word of Jehovah unto me, saying: `Son of man, 2 Because that Tyre hath said of Jerusalem: Aha, she hath been broken, the doors of the peoples, She hath turned round unto me, I am filled -- she hath been laid waste, 3 Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, O Tyre, And have caused to come up against thee many nations, As the sea causeth its billows to come up. 4 And they have destroyed the walls of Tyre, And they have broken down her towers, And I have scraped her dust from her, And made her for a clear place of a rock. 5 A spreading place of nets she is in the midst of the sea, For I -- I have spoken -- an affirmation of the Lord Jehovah, And she hath been for a spoil to nations. 6 And her daughters who `are' in the field, by sword they are slain, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah, 7 For, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I am bringing in unto Tyre Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, From the north -- a king of kings, With horse, and with chariot, and with horsemen, Even an assembly, and a numerous people. 8 Thy daughters in the field by sword he slayeth, And he hath made against thee a fort, And hath poured out against thee a mount, And hath raised against thee a buckler. 9 And a battering-ram before him he placeth against thy walls, And thy towers he breaketh by his weapons. 10 From the abundance of his horses cover thee doth their dust, From the noise of horseman, and wheel, and rider, Shake do thy walls, in his coming in to thy gates, As the coming into a city broken-up. 11 With hoofs of his horses he treadeth all thine out-places, Thy people by sword he doth slay, And the pillars of thy strength to the earth come down. 12 And they have spoiled thy wealth, And they have plundered thy merchandise, And they have thrown down thy walls, And thy desirable houses they break down, And thy stones, and thy wood, and thy dust, In the midst of the waters they place. 13 And I have caused the noise of thy songs to cease, And the voice of thy harps is heard no more. 14 And I have given thee up for a clear place of a rock, A spreading-place of nets thou art, Thou art not built up any more, For I, Jehovah, I have spoken, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah. 15 Thus said the Lord Jehovah to Tyre: Do not -- from the noise of thy fall, In the groaning of the wounded, In the slaying of the slaughter in thy midst, The isles shake? 16 And come down from off their thrones have all princes of the sea, And they have turned aside their robes, And their embroidered garments strip off, Trembling they put on, on the earth they sit, And they have trembled every moment, And they have been astonished at thee, 17 And have lifted up for thee a lamentation, And said to thee: How hast thou perished, That art inhabited from the seas, The praised city, that was strong in the sea, She and her inhabitants, Who put their terror on all her inhabitants! 18 Now they tremble, is it not the day of thy fall? Troubled have been the isles that `are' in the sea, at thine outgoing. 19 For thus said the Lord Jehovah: In my making thee a city wasted, Like cities that have not been inhabited, In bringing up against thee the deep, Then covered thee have the great waters. 20 And I have caused thee to go down, With those going down to the pit, Unto the people of old, And I have caused thee to dwell in the land, The lower parts -- in wastes of old, With those going down to the pit, So that thou art not inhabited, And I have given beauty in the land of the living. 21 Wastes I do make thee, and thou art not, And thou art sought, and art not found any more -- to the age, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah!' 1 And there is a word of Jehovah unto me, saying: 2 `And thou, son of man, lift up concerning Tyre a lamentation, and thou hast said to Tyre: 3 O dweller on the entrances of the sea, Merchant of the peoples unto many isles, Thus said the Lord Jehovah: O Tyre, thou -- thou hast said: I `am' the perfection of beauty. 4 In the heart of the seas `are' thy borders, Thy builders have perfected thy beauty. 5 Of firs of Senir they have built to thee all thy double-boarded ships, Of cedars of Lebanon they have taken to make a mast for thee, 6 Of oaks of Bashan they made thine oars, Thy bench they have made of ivory, A branch of Ashurim from isles of Chittim. 7 Of fine linen with embroidery from Egypt hath been thy sail, To be to thee for an ensign, Of blue and purple from isles of Elishah hath been thy covering. 8 Inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad have been rowers to thee, Thy wise men, O Tyre, have been in thee, They `are' thy pilots. 9 Elders of Gebal and its wise men have been in thee, Strengthening thy breach; All ships of the sea and their mariners, Have been in thee, to trade `with' thy merchandise. 10 Persian and Lud and Phut Have been in thy forces -- thy men of war. Shield and helmet they hung up in thee, They -- they have given out thine honour. 11 The sons of Arvad, and thy force, `Are' on thy walls round about, And short swordsmen in thy towers have been, Their shields they have hung up on thy walls round about, They -- they have perfected thy beauty. 12 Tarshish `is' thy merchant, Because of the abundance of all wealth, For silver, iron, tin, and lead, They have given out thy remnants. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech -- they `are' thy merchants, For persons of men, and vessels of brass, They have given out thy merchandise. 14 They of the house of Togarmah, `For' horses, and riding steeds, and mules, They have given out thy remnants. 15 Sons of Dedan `are' thy merchants, Many isles `are' the mart of thy hand, Horns of ivory and ebony they sent back thy reward. 16 Aram `is' thy merchant, Because of the abundance of thy works, For emerald, purple, and embroidery, And fine linen, and coral, and agate, They have given out thy remnants. 17 Judah and the land of Israel -- they `are' thy merchants, For wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, And honey, and oil, and balm, They have given out thy merchandise. 18 Damascus `is' thy merchant, For the abundance of thy works, Because of the abundance of all wealth, For wine of Helbon, and white wool. 19 Vedan and Javan go about with thy remnants, They have given shining iron, cassia, and cane, In thy merchandise it hath been. 20 Dedan `is' thy merchant, For clothes of freedom for riding. 21 Arabia, and all princes of Kedar, They `are' the traders of thy hand, For lambs, and rams, and he-goats, In these thy merchants. 22 Merchants of Sheba and Raamah -- they `are' thy merchants, For the chief of all spices, And for every precious stone, and gold, They have given out thy remnants. 23 Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, merchants of Sheba, Asshur -- Chilmad -- `are' thy merchants, 24 They `are' thy merchants for perfect things, For wrappings of blue, and embroidery, And for treasuries of rich apparel, With cords bound and girded, for thy merchandise, 25 Ships of Tarshish `are' thy double walls of thy merchandise, And thou art filled and honoured greatly, In the heart of the seas. 26 Into great waters have they brought thee, Those rowing thee, The east wind hath broken thee in the heart of the seas. 27 Thy wealth and thy remnants, Thy merchandise, thy mariners, And thy pilots, strengtheners of thy breach, And the traders of thy merchandise, And all thy men of war, who `are' in thee, And in all thine assembly that `is' in thy midst, Fall into the heart of the seas in the day of thy fall, 28 At the voice of the cry of thy pilots shake do the suburbs. 29 And come down from their ships have all handling an oar, Mariners, all the pilots of the sea, on the land they stand, 30 And have sounded for thee with their voice, And cry bitterly, and cause dust to go up on their heads, In ashes they do roll themselves. 31 And they have made for thee baldness, And they have girded on sackcloth, And they have wept for thee, In bitterness of soul -- a bitter mourning. 32 And lifted up for thee have their sons a lamentation, And they have lamented over thee, who `is' as Tyre? As the cut-off one in the midst of the sea? 33 With the outgoing of thy remnants from the seas, Thou hast filled many peoples, With the abundance of thy riches, and thy merchandise, Thou hast made rich things of earth. 34 The time of `thy' being broken by the seas in the depths of the waters, Thy merchandise and all thy assembly in thy midst have fallen. 35 All inhabitants of the isles have been astonished at thee, And their kings have been sore afraid, They have been troubled in countenance. 36 Merchants among the peoples have shrieked for thee, Wastes thou hast been, and thou art not -- to the age!' 1 And there is a word of Jehovah unto me, saying: 2 `Son of man, say to the leader of Tyre: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because thy heart hath been high, And thou dost say: A god I `am', The habitation of God I have inhabited, In the heart of the seas, And thou `art' man, and not God, And thou givest out thy heart as the heart of God, 3 Lo, thou `art' wiser than Daniel, No hidden thing have they concealed from thee. 4 By thy wisdom and by thine understanding Thou hast made for thee wealth, And makest gold and silver in thy treasuries. 5 By the abundance of thy wisdom, Through thy merchandise, Thou hast multiplied thy wealth, And high is thy heart through thy wealth. 6 Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Because of thy giving out thy heart as the heart of God, 7 Therefore, lo, I am bringing in against thee strangers, The terrible of the nations, And they have drawn out their swords Against the beauty of thy wisdom, And they have pierced thy brightness. 8 To destruction they bring thee down, Thou diest by the deaths of the wounded, in the heart of the seas. 9 Dost thou really say, `I `am' God,' Before him who is slaying thee? And thou `art' man, and not God, In the hand of him who is piercing thee. 10 The deaths of the uncircumcised thou diest, By the hand of strangers, for I have spoken, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah.' 11 And there is a word of Jehovah unto me, saying: 12 `Son of man, lift up a lamentation for the king of Tyre, And thou hast said to him: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Thou art sealing up a measurement, Full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. 13 In Eden, the garden of God, thou hast been, Every precious stone thy covering, Ruby, topaz, and diamond, beryl, onyx, and jasper, Sapphire, emerald, and carbuncle, and gold, The workmanship of thy tabrets, and of thy pipes, In thee in the day of thy being produced, have been prepared. 14 Thou `art' an anointed cherub who is covering, And I have set thee in the holy mount, God thou hast been, In the midst of stones of fire thou hast walked up and down. 15 Perfect `art' thou in thy ways, From the day of thy being produced, Till perversity hath been found in thee. 16 By the abundance of thy merchandise They have filled thy midst with violence, And thou dost sin, And I thrust thee from the mount of God, And I destroy thee, O covering cherub, From the midst of the stones of fire. 17 High hath been thy heart, because of thy beauty, Thou hast corrupted thy wisdom because of thy brightness, On the earth I have cast thee, Before kings I have set thee, to look on thee, 18 From the abundance of thy iniquity, By the perversity of thy traffic, Thou hast polluted thy sanctuaries, And I bring forth fire from thy midst, It hath devoured thee, And I make thee become ashes on the earth, Before the eyes of all beholding thee. 19 All knowing thee among the peoples Have been astonished at thee, Wastes thou hast been, and thou art not -- to the age.' 20 And there is a word of Jehovah unto me, saying, 21 `Son of man, set thy face unto Zidon, and prophesy concerning it; 22 and thou hast said: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, O Zidon, And I have been honoured in thy midst, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah, In My doing in her judgments, And I have been sanctified in her. 23 And I have sent into her pestilence, And blood into her out-places, The wounded hath been judged in her midst, By the sword upon her round about, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah. 24 And there is no more to the house of Israel A pricking brier, and paining thorn, Of all round about them -- despising them, And they have known that I `am' the Lord Jehovah.
• Dan 11:30 : 30 And ships of Chittim have come in against him, and he hath been pained, and hath turned back, and hath been insolent toward the holy covenant, and hath wrought, and turned back, and he understandeth concerning those forsaking the holy covenant.