Nehemiah 9:16

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

`And they and our fathers have acted proudly, and harden their neck, and have not hearkened unto Thy commands,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהֵ֥ם וַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ הֵזִ֑ידוּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ אֶת־עָרְפָּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ אֶל־מִצְוֺתֶֽיךָ׃

Transliteration

*wə-hēm waʾăbōtênû hēzîdû wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām wə-lōʾ šāməʿû ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā

Grammar Details

• *wə-hēm*: conjunction + 3mp pronoun - and they
• *waʾăbōtênû*: conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 1cp suffix - and our fathers
• *hēzîdû*: hiphil perfect, 3cp - they acted presumptuously/proudly
• *wayyaqšû*: conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they hardened
• *ʾet-ʿorpām*: direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their neck
• *wə-lōʾ*: conjunction + negative particle - and not
• *šāməʿû*: qal perfect, 3cp - they listened/obeyed
• *ʾel-miṣwōteyḵā*: preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2ms suffix - to your commandments

Word Meanings

• *hēzîdû*: acted presumptuously/became proud/were insolent
• *wayyaqšû ʾet-ʿorpām*: hardened their necks/became stubborn/stiffened their necks
• *šāməʿû*: listened/obeyed/heeded

Referenced Verses

• Deut 31:27 : 27 for I -- I have known thy rebellion, and thy stiff neck; lo, in my being yet alive with you to-day, rebellious ye have been with Jehovah, and also surely after my death.
• Neh 9:10 : 10 and dost give signs and wonders on Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land, for Thou hast known that they have acted proudly against them, and Thou makest to Thee a name as `at' this day.
• Neh 9:29 : 29 and dost testify against them, to bring them back unto Thy law; and they -- they have acted proudly, and have not hearkened to Thy commands, and against Thy judgments have sinned, -- which man doth and hath lived in them -- and they give a refractory shoulder, and their neck have hardened, and have not hearkened.
• Ps 81:11-14 : 11 But, My people hearkened not to My voice, And Israel hath not consented to Me. 12 And I send them away in the enmity of their heart, They walk in their own counsels. 13 O that My people were hearkening to Me, Israel in My ways would walk. 14 As a little thing their enemies I cause to bow, And against their adversaries I turn back My hand,
• Ps 95:8-9 : 8 Harden not your heart as `in' Meribah, As `in' the day of Massah in the wilderness, 9 Where your fathers have tried Me, Have proved Me, yea, have seen My work. 10 Forty years I am weary of the generation, And I say, `A people erring in heart -- they! And they have not known My ways:'
• Ps 106:6 : 6 We have sinned with our fathers, We have done perversely, we have done wickedly.
• Prov 29:1 : 1 A man often reproved, hardening the neck, Is suddenly broken, and there is no healing.
• Isa 48:4 : 4 From my knowing that thou art obstinate, And a sinew of iron thy neck, And thy forehead brass,
• Isa 48:18 : 18 O that thou hadst attended to My commands, Then as a river is thy peace, And thy righteousness as billows of the sea,
• Isa 63:10 : 10 And they have rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit, And He turneth to them for an enemy, He Himself hath fought against them.
• Jer 2:31 : 31 O generation, see ye the word of Jehovah: A wilderness have I been to Israel? A land of thick darkness? Wherefore have My people said, `We mourned, We come not in again unto Thee.'
• Jer 19:15 : 15 `Thus said Jehovah of Hosts, God of Israel: Lo, I am bringing in unto this city, and on all its cities, all the evil that I have spoken against it, for they have hardened their neck -- not to hear My words!'
• Acts 7:51 : 51 `Ye stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and in ears! ye do always the Holy Spirit resist; as your fathers -- also ye;
• Rom 2:5 : 5 but, according to thy hardness and impenitent heart, thou dost treasure up to thyself wrath, in a day of wrath and of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God,
• Heb 3:13 : 13 but exhort ye one another every day, while the To-day is called, that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of the sin,
• Heb 3:15 : 15 in its being said, `To-day, if His voice ye may hear, ye may not harden your hearts, as in the provocation,'
• Ps 78:8-9 : 8 And they are not like their fathers, A generation apostate and rebellious, A generation! it hath not prepared its heart, Nor stedfast with God `is' its spirit. 9 Sons of Ephraim -- armed bearers of bow, Have turned in a day of conflict. 10 They have not kept the covenant of God, And in His law they have refused to walk, 11 And they forget His doings, And His wonders that He shewed them. 12 Before their fathers He hath done wonders, In the land of Egypt -- the field of Zoan. 13 He cleft a sea, and causeth them to pass over, Yea, He causeth waters to stand as a heap. 14 And leadeth them with a cloud by day, And all the night with a light of fire. 15 He cleaveth rocks in a wilderness, And giveth drink -- as the great deep. 16 And bringeth out streams from a rock, And causeth waters to come down as rivers. 17 And they add still to sin against Him, To provoke the Most High in the dry place. 18 And they try God in their heart, To ask food for their lust. 19 And they speak against God -- they said: `Is God able to array a table in a wilderness?' 20 Lo, He hath smitten a rock, And waters flow, yea, streams overflow. `Also -- bread `is' He able to give? Doth He prepare flesh for His people?' 21 Therefore hath Jehovah heard, And He sheweth Himself wroth, And fire hath been kindled against Jacob, And anger also hath gone up against Israel, 22 For they have not believed in God, Nor have they trusted in His salvation. 23 And He commandeth clouds from above, Yea, doors of the heavens He hath opened. 24 And He raineth on them manna to eat, Yea, corn of heaven He hath given to them. 25 Food of the mighty hath each eaten, Venison He sent to them to satiety. 26 He causeth an east wind to journey in the heavens, And leadeth by His strength a south wind, 27 And He raineth on them flesh as dust, And as sand of the seas -- winged fowl, 28 And causeth `it' to fall in the midst of His camp, Round about His tabernacles. 29 And they eat, and are greatly satisfied, And their desire He bringeth to them. 30 They have not been estranged from their desire, Yet `is' their food in their mouth, 31 And the anger of God hath gone up against them, And He slayeth among their fat ones, And youths of Israel He caused to bend. 32 With all this they have sinned again, And have not believed in His wonders. 33 And He consumeth in vanity their days, And their years in trouble. 34 If He slew them, then they sought Him, And turned back, and sought God earnestly, 35 And they remember that God `is' their rock, And God Most High their redeemer. 36 And -- they deceive Him with their mouth, And with their tongue do lie to Him, 37 And their heart hath not been right with Him, And they have not been stedfast in His covenant. 38 And He -- the Merciful One, Pardoneth iniquity, and destroyeth not, And hath often turned back His anger, And waketh not up all His fury. 39 And He remembereth that they `are' flesh, A wind going on -- and it returneth not. 40 How often do they provoke Him in the wilderness, Grieve Him in the desolate place? 41 Yea, they turn back, and try God, And the Holy One of Israel have limited. 42 They have not remembered His hand The day He ransomed them from the adversary. 43 When He set His signs in Egypt, And His wonders in the field of Zoan, 44 And He turneth to blood their streams, And their floods they drink not. 45 He sendeth among them the beetle, and it consumeth them, And the frog, and it destroyeth them, 46 And giveth to the caterpillar their increase, And their labour to the locust. 47 He destroyeth with hail their vine, And their sycamores with frost, 48 And delivereth up to the hail their beasts, And their cattle to the burning flames. 49 He sendeth on them the fury of His anger, Wrath, and indignation, and distress -- A discharge of evil messengers. 50 He pondereth a path for His anger, He kept not back their soul from death, Yea, their life to the pestilence He delivered up. 51 And He smiteth every first-born in Egypt, The first-fruit of the strong in tents of Ham. 52 And causeth His people to journey as a flock, And guideth them as a drove in a wilderness, 53 And He leadeth them confidently, And they have not been afraid, And their enemies hath the sea covered. 54 And He bringeth them in unto the border of His sanctuary, This mountain His right hand had got, 55 And casteth out nations from before them, And causeth them to fall in the line of inheritance, And causeth the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents, 56 And they tempt and provoke God Most High, And His testimonies have not kept. 57 And they turn back, And deal treacherously like their fathers, They have been turned like a deceitful bow, 58 And make Him angry with their high places, And with their graven images make Him zealous, 59 God hath heard, and sheweth Himself wroth. And kicketh exceedingly against Israel. 60 And He leaveth the tabernacle of Shiloh, The tent He had placed among men, 61 And He giveth His strength to captivity, And His beauty into the hand of an adversary, 62 And delivereth up to the sword His people, And with His inheritance shewed Himself angry. 63 His young men hath fire consumed, And His virgins have not been praised. 64 His priests by the sword have fallen, And their widows weep not. 65 And the Lord waketh as a sleeper, As a mighty one crying aloud from wine. 66 And He smiteth His adversaries backward, A reproach age-during He hath put on them, 67 And He kicketh against the tent of Joseph, And on the tribe of Ephraim hath not fixed. 68 And He chooseth the tribe of Judah, With mount Zion that He loved, 69 And buildeth His sanctuary as a high place, Like the earth, He founded it to the age. 70 And He fixeth on David His servant, And taketh him from the folds of a flock, 71 From behind suckling ones He hath brought him in, To rule over Jacob His people, And over Israel His inheritance. 72 And he ruleth them according to the integrity of his heart, And by the skilfulness of his hands leadeth them!
• Ps 81:8 : 8 Hear, O My people, and I testify to thee, O Israel, if thou dost hearken to me:
• Deut 32:15 : 15 And Jeshurun waxeth fat, and doth kick: Thou hast been fat -- thou hast been thick, Thou hast been covered. And he leaveth God who made him, And dishonoureth the Rock of his salvation.
• 2 Kgs 17:14 : 14 and they have not hearkened, and harden their neck, like the neck of their fathers, who did not remain stedfast in Jehovah their God,
• 2 Chr 30:8 : 8 `Now, harden not your neck like your fathers, give a hand to Jehovah, and come in to His sanctuary, that He hath sanctified to the age, and serve Jehovah your God, and the fierceness of His anger doth turn back from you;
• 2 Chr 36:13 : 13 and also, against king Nebuchadnezzar he hath rebelled, who had caused him to swear by God, and he hardeneth his neck, and strengtheneth his heart, against turning back unto Jehovah, God of Israel.
• Exod 15:26 : 26 and He saith, `If thou dost really hearken to the voice of Jehovah thy God, and dost that which is right in His eyes, and hast hearkened to His commands, and kept all His statutes: none of the sickness which I laid on the Egyptians do I lay on thee, for I, Jehovah, am healing thee.
• Exod 32:9 : 9 And Jehovah saith unto Moses, `I have seen this people, and lo, it `is' a stiff-necked people;
• Deut 1:26-33 : 26 `And ye have not been willing to go up, and ye provoke the mouth of Jehovah your God, 27 and murmur in your tents, and say, In Jehovah's hating us He hath brought us out of the land of Egypt, to give us into the hand of the Amorite -- to destroy us; 28 whither are we going up? our brethren have melted our heart, saying, A people greater and taller than we, cities great and fenced to heaven, and also sons of Anakim -- we have seen there. 29 `And I say unto you, Be not terrified, nor be afraid of them; 30 Jehovah your God, who is going before you -- He doth fight for you, according to all that He hath done with you in Egypt before your eyes, 31 and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen that Jehovah thy God hath borne thee as a man beareth his son, in all the way which ye have gone, till your coming in unto this place. 32 `And in this thing ye are not stedfast in Jehovah your God, 33 who is going before you in the way to search out to you a place for your encamping, in fire by night, to shew you in the way in which ye go, and in a cloud by day.
• Deut 5:29 : 29 O that their heart had been thus to them, to fear Me, and to keep My commands all the days, that it may be well with them, and with their sons -- to the age!
• Deut 9:6 : 6 and thou hast known, that not for thy righteousness is Jehovah thy God giving to thee this good land to possess it, for a people stiff of neck thou `art'.
• Deut 9:13 : 13 `And Jehovah speaketh unto me, saying, I have seen this people, and lo, a people stiff of neck it `is';
• Deut 9:23-24 : 23 and in Jehovah's sending you from Kadesh-Barnea, saying, Go up, and possess the land which I have given to you, then ye provoke the mouth of Jehovah your God, and have not given credence to Him, nor hearkened to His voice; 24 rebels ye have been with Jehovah from the day of my knowing you.
• Deut 9:27 : 27 be mindful of Thy servants, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, turn not unto the stiffness of this people, and unto its wickedness, and unto its sin;