Romans 13:12

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

the night did advance, and the day came nigh; let us lay aside, therefore, the works of the darkness, and let us put on the armour of the light;

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν: ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, καὶ ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.

Transliteration

The nyx proekopsen, the de hēmera ēngiken: apothōmetha oun the erga of the skotous, and endysōmetha the hopla of the phōtos.

Grammar Details

• *nyx*: nominative, feminine, singular - night
• *proekopsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - has advanced/progressed
• *de*: postpositive conjunction - but/and/now
• *hēmera*: nominative, feminine, singular - day
• *ēngiken*: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has drawn near
• *apothōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put off/away
• *oun*: inferential conjunction - therefore/then
• *erga*: accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds
• *skotous*: genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness
• *endysōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put on
• *hopla*: accusative, neuter, plural - weapons/armor
• *phōtos*: genitive, neuter, singular - of light

Word Meanings

• *nyx*: night/darkness
• *proekopsen*: has advanced/progressed/gone far
• *hēmera*: day/daylight
• *ēngiken*: has drawn near/approached/come close
• *apothōmetha*: let us put off/cast off/lay aside
• *erga*: works/deeds/actions
• *skotous*: darkness/obscurity
• *endysōmetha*: let us put on/clothe ourselves with
• *hopla*: weapons/armor/instruments
• *phōtos*: light/brightness

Referenced Verses

• Eph 5:11 : 11 and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of the darkness and rather even convict,
• 2 Cor 6:7 : 7 in the word of truth, in the power of God, through the armour of the righteousness, on the right and on the left,
• Isa 2:20 : 20 In that day doth man cast his idols of silver, And his idols of gold, That they have made for him to worship, To moles, and to bats,
• Isa 30:22 : 22 And ye have defiled the covering of Thy graven images of silver, And the ephod of thy molten image of gold, Thou scatterest them as a sickening thing, `Go out,' thou sayest to it.
• Ezek 18:31-32 : 31 Cast from off you all your transgressions, By which ye have transgressed, And make to you a new heart, and a new spirit, And why do ye die, O house of Israel? 32 For I have no pleasure in the death of the dying, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah, And turn ye back and live!
• 1 Thess 5:5-8 : 5 all ye are sons of light, and sons of day; we are not of night, nor of darkness, 6 so, then, we may not sleep as also the others, but watch and be sober, 7 for those sleeping, by night do sleep, and those making themselves drunk, by night are drunken, 8 and we, being of the day -- let us be sober, putting on a breastplate of faith and love, and an helmet -- a hope of salvation,
• Jas 1:21 : 21 wherefore having put aside all filthiness and superabundance of evil, in meekness be receiving the engrafted word, that is able to save your souls;
• Eph 6:11-18 : 11 put on the whole armour of God, for your being able to stand against the wiles of the devil, 12 because we have not the wrestling with blood and flesh, but with the principalities, with the authorities, with the world-rulers of the darkness of this age, with the spiritual things of the evil in the heavenly places; 13 because of this take ye up the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to resist in the day of the evil, and all things having done -- to stand. 14 Stand, therefore, having your loins girt about in truth, and having put on the breastplate of the righteousness, 15 and having the feet shod in the preparation of the good-news of the peace; 16 above all, having taken up the shield of the faith, in which ye shall be able all the fiery darts of the evil one to quench, 17 and the helmet of the salvation receive, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the saying of God, 18 through all prayer and supplication praying at all times in the Spirit, and in regard to this same, watching in all perseverance and supplication for all the saints --
• Col 3:8-9 : 8 but now put off, even ye, the whole -- anger, wrath, malice, evil-speaking, filthy talking -- out of your mouth. 9 Lie not one to another, having put off the old man with his practices, 10 and having put on the new, which is renewed in regard to knowledge, after the image of Him who did create him; 11 where there is not Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, foreigner, Scythian, servant, freeman -- but the all and in all -- Christ. 12 Put on, therefore, as choice ones of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humble-mindedness, meekness, long-suffering, 13 forbearing one another, and forgiving each other, if any one with any one may have a quarrel, as also the Christ did forgive you -- so also ye; 14 and above all these things, `have' love, which is a bond of the perfection, 15 and let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to which also ye were called in one body, and become thankful. 16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing each other, in psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs, in grace singing in your hearts to the Lord; 17 and all, whatever ye may do in word or in work, `do' all things in the name of the Lord Jesus -- giving thanks to the God and Father, through him.
• 1 John 2:8-9 : 8 again, a new command I write to you, which thing is true in him and in you, because the darkness doth pass away, and the true light doth now shine; 9 he who is saying, in the light he is, and his brother is hating, in the darkness he is till now;
• Rev 1:3 : 3 Happy is he who is reading, and those hearing, the words of the prophecy, and keeping the things written in it -- for the time is nigh!
• Rev 22:10 : 10 And he saith to me, `Thou mayest not seal the words of the prophecy of this scroll, because the time is nigh;
• John 3:19-21 : 19 `And this is the judgment, that the light hath come to the world, and men did love the darkness rather than the light, for their works were evil; 20 for every one who is doing wicked things hateth the light, and doth not come unto the light, that his works may not be detected; 21 but he who is doing the truth doth come to the light, that his works may be manifested, that in God they are having been wrought.'
• Rom 13:14 : 14 but put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and for the flesh take no forethought -- for desires.
• Eph 4:22 : 22 ye are to put off concerning the former behaviour the old man, that is corrupt according to the desires of the deceit,
• Job 24:14-17 : 14 At the light doth the murderer rise, He doth slay the poor and needy, And in the night he is as a thief. 15 And the eye of an adulterer Hath observed the twilight, Saying, `No eye doth behold me.' And he putteth the face in secret. 16 He hath dug in the darkness -- houses; By day they shut themselves up, They have not known light. 17 When together, morning `is' to them death shade, When he discerneth the terrors of death shade.
• Song 2:17 : 17 Till the day doth break forth, And the shadows have fled away, Turn, be like, my beloved, To a roe, or to a young one of the harts, On the mountains of separation!
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 Having put aside, then, all evil, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envyings, and all evil speakings,
• 1 John 1:5-7 : 5 And this is the message that we have heard from Him, and announce to you, that God is light, and darkness in Him is not at all; 6 if we may say -- `we have fellowship with Him,' and in the darkness may walk -- we lie, and do not the truth; 7 and if in the light we may walk, as He is in the light -- we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son doth cleanse us from every sin;